Question 1

In the mid-1950s,civil rights organizing shifted away from a ______ organization and toward a focus on _________ groups?
A)religious;secular
B)grassroots;political
C)bureaucratic;community-based
D)loose;hierarchical

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Well into the mid-twentieth century,white planters gave blacks a small piece of land on which to grow crops and live often in squalid shacks).In return,blacks gave white planters a portion of their crops.This process was called what?
A)sharecropping
B)unionizing
C)indentured servitude
D)grandfather clauses

Accepted Answer

Sharecropping was a common practice in the American South after the Civil War, whereby landless farmers (usually African Americans) would farm land owned by others (usually white planters) in exchange for a share of the crops grown. The system trapped many sharecroppers in debt and poverty, and it was a major contributor to the economic struggles faced by African Americans in the South during the Jim Crow era.

Question 3

With the weakening of the NAACP,the Civil Rights Movement shifted its focus from legal action to which kind of action?
A)subversive action
B)apolitical action
C)religious action
D)direct action

Accepted Answer

The Civil Rights Movement shifted its focus from legal action to direct action, which included nonviolent protests, sit-ins, and other forms of civil disobedience to bring attention to racial discrimination and demand change. This was exemplified by events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Birmingham Campaign. The weakening of the NAACP, which had been primarily focused on legal action, led to a shift in tactics towards more direct action.

Question 4

Ella Baker referred to the nitty-gritty,tiresome,and unglamorous labor of chipping away at the white power structure day by day and door to door as what?
A)direct action
B)spadework
C)mass protest
D)armed struggle

Accepted Answer

Ella Baker referred to this as "spadework" which means the hard, unglamorous work of building grassroots movements and organizing communities. This approach emphasizes long-term, sustained efforts to challenge oppressive systems rather than quick one-time actions.

Question 5

What were the two goals of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's SNCC's)1964 Freedom Summer?
A)voter registration and quality education
B)gender equality and sexual liberation
C)religious freedom and economic opportunity
D)immigrant rights and fair labor practices

Accepted Answer

The two goals of SNCC's 1964 Freedom Summer were voter registration and quality education, particularly for African Americans in the southern states who were facing discrimination and disenfranchisement. SNCC worked to recruit and train volunteers, many of whom were white college students, to work alongside local organizers to register voters and establish Freedom Schools to provide educational opportunities and teach civil rights activism.

Question 6

The NAACP was banned in several Southern states after refusing to release the contact information of its members.What was the effect of the weakening of the NAACP?
A)The Civil Rights Movement stalled.
B)Activists and leaders decided that electoral politics were the solution to racial inequality.
C)Most blacks who had previously identified as Republicans began to identify as Democrats.
D)The movement grew to include people like sharecroppers,teachers,students,and even children.

Accepted Answer

The weakening of the NAACP led to the growth of the Civil Rights Movement, which included a broader range of people, including sharecroppers, teachers, students, and even children. The movement became more diverse and inclusive, which led to greater progress in the fight for racial equality.

Question 7

What was the purpose of "grandfather clauses"?
A)They ensured that all children,white or black,had proper caregivers.When parents weren't available,these clauses granted grandparents legal custody of children.
B)They prevented any black household from having more than two generations living in it at any given time,thereby breaking up black families.
C)They extended the right to vote to those whose relatives were enfranchised before the end of the Civil War,namely whites.
D)They required black public workers to refer to white public workers as "grandfather."

Accepted Answer

"Grandfather clauses" were used as a way to disenfranchise black voters in several Southern states. These clauses allowed individuals to vote if their ancestors had been able to vote before the Civil War, effectively excluding black people who were not eligible to vote at that time. This was a way to maintain white supremacy and limit the political power of black people.

Question 8

What was the famous march in which activists walked along a stretch of land in which no black people were registered to vote?
A)Atlanta-to-New Orleans March
B)St.Louis-to-Kansas City March
C)Tallahassee-to-Miami March
D)Selma-to-Montgomery March

Accepted Answer

The famous march in which activists walked along a stretch of land in which no black people were registered to vote is the Selma-to-Montgomery March. This march was organized by civil rights activists in 1965 to demand equal voting rights for African Americans, and it played a significant role in the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Question 9

The collection of organizations and people who carried out political acts aimed at abolishing racial segregation,nonwhite disenfranchisement,and economic exploitation is called what?
A)Black Lives Matter
B)the Civil Rights Movement
C)second-wave feminism
D)abolition

Accepted Answer

The Civil Rights Movement is the collection of organizations and people who carried out political acts aimed at abolishing racial segregation, nonwhite disenfranchisement, and economic exploitation. Black Lives Matter is a more recent movement focused specifically on police brutality and systemic racism against Black people. Second-wave feminism is a movement focused on gender equality and women's rights. Abolition refers specifically to the movement to abolish slavery in the United States, although it can also be used more broadly to refer to movements to abolish other forms of oppression or exploitation.

Question 10

What served as the institutional hub of the Civil Rights Movement?
A)the church
B)the town hall
C)the home
D)the library

Accepted Answer

The church served as the institutional hub of the Civil Rights Movement, providing a meeting place, organizing rallies and protests, and offering spiritual and emotional support to activists. Many Civil Rights leaders, such as Martin Luther King Jr., were also pastors, further emphasizing the importance of the church in the movement.

Question 11

What do Emmett Till,Charlie Lang,Ernest Green,and Henry Bedford all have in common?
A)They all were involved the Democratic Party.
B)They all went to desegregated schools.
C)They all lobbied for the right to vote.
D)They were all victims of white terrorism.

Accepted Answer

Emmett Till, Charlie Lang, Ernest Green, and Henry Bedford were all victims of white terrorism. Emmett Till was brutally murdered by white supremacists in 1955, Charlie Lang was a victim of the Tulsa Race Massacre in 1921, Ernest Green was one of the Little Rock Nine who faced violence and harassment trying to desegregate a high school in Arkansas in 1957, and Henry Bedford was murdered by the Ku Klux Klan in Alabama in 1947. While some of the other options may apply to individual individuals in this group, the common thread that connects all of them is the systemic racism and violence perpetrated by white supremacists.

Question 12

What is the significance of the fact that the Women's Political Council had first conceived of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and had been planning it for months?
A)It undermined the efforts of other leaders like Dr.Martin Luther King,Jr.
B)In popular historical accounts,the faces of the Civil Rights Movement typically belong to men.
C)The council was the first to politically align black and Latin American women.
D)It popularized the teachings of Malcolm X.

Accepted Answer

The fact that the Women's Political Council had first conceived of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and had been planning it for months highlights the often overlooked role that women played in the Civil Rights Movement. In popular historical accounts, the leadership and activism of women are often overshadowed by the deeds of men. Recognizing the importance of women's contributions expands our understanding of the Civil Rights Movement and elevates the voices of marginalized communities.

Question 13

What was the name of the policy that prohibited voter discrimination,outlawed literacy tests,and gave the federal government power to oversee voter registration?
A)Civil Rights Act of 1964
B)Voting Rights Act of 1965
C)the Southern Strategy
D)the Moynihan Report

Accepted Answer

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibited voter discrimination, outlawed literacy tests, and gave the federal government power to oversee voter registration. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment, education, and public accommodations. The Southern Strategy was a political strategy used by the Republican Party to gain support in the South by appealing to racism and segregationist sentiments. The Moynihan Report was a controversial government document that analyzed the state of the African American family in the 1960s.

Question 14

Schools in Yazoo City,Mississippi,dedicated $245 per white child for educational expenses and only $3 per black child in the late 1950s,illustrating what?
A)White students were more needy than black students.
B)Separate schools were anything but equal.
C)There were higher expectations among white parents.
D)Both races had equal access to education.

Accepted Answer

This illustrates that the separate schools for white and black children were anything but equal, as the vast discrepancy in funding allocated per student based on race clearly shows a lack of equal access to resources and educational opportunities.

Question 15

By the end of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's SNCC's)1964 Freedom Summer,many volunteers had been violently attacked,arrested,and even killed,indicating what?
A)Violent tactics were more effective than nonviolent ones.
B)The Civil Rights Movement was over.
C)Mississippi was still a very dangerous place for black Americans in 1964.
D)SNCC's young leaders were not prepared for the harsh realities of political organizing.

Accepted Answer

The fact that volunteers were violently attacked, arrested, and killed during Freedom Summer shows that Mississippi was still a very dangerous place for black Americans in 1964. Despite the nonviolent approach of SNCC and other civil rights groups, there was still significant resistance to change, and many worked actively to suppress the movement.

Question 16

Which dominant black protest organization,which preceded the modern Civil Rights Movement and was founded in 1909 by black and white intellectuals,primarily battled racial domination in the courts?
A)Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee SNCC)
B)National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP)
C)Black Panther Party BPP)
D)Southern Christian Leadership Conference SCLC)

Accepted Answer

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909 by black and white intellectuals and primarily battled racial domination in the courts through strategic litigation. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Black Panther Party (BPP), and Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) were all prominent organizations during the modern Civil Rights Movement, but they were not founded until later years.

Question 17

What is one thing that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed?
A)antimiscegenation laws in southern states
B)the funding of public schools with local property taxes
C)discrimination on the basis of race in restaurants
D)discrimination on the basis of physical disability in schools

Accepted Answer

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in public accommodations, including restaurants, hotels, and theaters.

Question 18

What was one of the outcomes of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
A)It helped bring about a 1985 Supreme Court ban on busing.
B)It trained hundreds of activists in violent resistance.
C)It organized the black clergy as a political force.
D)It led to the development of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAACP).

Accepted Answer

The Montgomery Bus Boycott organized the black clergy as a political force, with church leaders playing prominent roles in the boycott and providing support for the civil rights movement. It did not lead to a Supreme Court ban on busing, train activists in violent resistance, or directly lead to the development of the NAACP (which had been founded in 1909).

Question 19

What part of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference SCLC)was Ella Baker critical of?
A)the style of charismatic masculine)leadership
B)the presence of whites
C)the lack of young people
D)the prevalence of powerful business leaders

Accepted Answer

Ella Baker was critical of the style of charismatic masculine leadership in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). She argued for a more grassroots approach that empowered ordinary people to lead and make decisions rather than relying solely on larger-than-life figures like Martin Luther King Jr.

Question 20

In 1960,what percentage of Mississippi's black adults was registered to vote?
A)less than 2 percent
B)less than 5 percent
C)less than 20 percent
D)less than 40 percent

Accepted Answer

In 1960, Mississippi had a history of voter suppression and discrimination against African Americans, including literacy tests and poll taxes. This resulted in a very low number of black individuals being registered to vote. According to historical data, less than 2 percent of black adults were registered to vote in Mississippi in 1960.

Quiz 3: Politics

In the mid-1950s,civil rights organizing shifted away from a organization and toward a focus on ___ groups?

Well into the mid-twentieth century,white planters gave blacks a small piece of land on which to grow crops and live often in squalid shacks) .In return,blacks gave white planters a portion of their crops.This process was called what?

With the weakening of the NAACP,the Civil Rights Movement shifted its focus from legal action to which kind of action?

Ella Baker referred to the nitty-gritty,tiresome,and unglamorous labor of chipping away at the white power structure day by day and door to door as what?

What were the two goals of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's SNCC's) 1964 Freedom Summer?

The NAACP was banned in several Southern states after refusing to release the contact information of its members.What was the effect of the weakening of the NAACP?

What was the purpose of "grandfather clauses"?

What was the famous march in which activists walked along a stretch of land in which no black people were registered to vote?

The collection of organizations and people who carried out political acts aimed at abolishing racial segregation,nonwhite disenfranchisement,and economic exploitation is called what?

What served as the institutional hub of the Civil Rights Movement?

What do Emmett Till,Charlie Lang,Ernest Green,and Henry Bedford all have in common?

What is the significance of the fact that the Women's Political Council had first conceived of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and had been planning it for months?

What was the name of the policy that prohibited voter discrimination,outlawed literacy tests,and gave the federal government power to oversee voter registration?

Schools in Yazoo City,Mississippi,dedicated $245 per white child for educational expenses and only $3 per black child in the late 1950s,illustrating what?

By the end of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's SNCC's) 1964 Freedom Summer,many volunteers had been violently attacked,arrested,and even killed,indicating what?

Which dominant black protest organization,which preceded the modern Civil Rights Movement and was founded in 1909 by black and white intellectuals,primarily battled racial domination in the courts?

What is one thing that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed?

What was one of the outcomes of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

What part of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference SCLC) was Ella Baker critical of?

In 1960,what percentage of Mississippi's black adults was registered to vote?