Question 1

Creative people habituate
A)more slowly than average.
B)more rapidly than average.
C)more often during creative production.
D)to unfamiliar stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that creative people habituate more slowly than average, meaning that they are more likely to continue to be interested and engaged with novel stimuli for longer periods of time compared to non-creative individuals. This ability to sustain attention on novel stimuli is thought to be an important factor in the creative process.

Question 2

Regarding eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)The victim of a crime is a more accurate eyewitness than an observer.
B)The presence of a weapon impairs an eyewitness's ability to accurately identify the culprit's face.
C)Very high levels of stress increase the accuracy of eyewitness perceptions.
D)The more confident the eyewitness,the more accurate the eyewitness will be.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the presence of a weapon can actually impair an eyewitness's ability to accurately identify the culprit's face, due to the increased focus on the weapon rather than the culprit's features.

Question 3

Enhanced perceptual accuracy can be achieved through
A)unconscious transference.
B)actively attending to stimuli.
C)attempting to do three or four things simultaneously.
D)altered states of consciousness.

Accepted Answer

Actively attending to stimuli can improve perceptual accuracy by increasing focus and reducing distractions. Unconscious transference, attempting to do multiple things simultaneously, and altered states of consciousness are not methods for improving perceptual accuracy.

Question 4

According to Maslow,people who perceive their world more accurately than others tend to be characterized by
A)immersion in episodic memories.
B)egocentrism.
C)a freedom from selecting,criticizing,and evaluating.
D)self-consciousness.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's theory suggests that individuals who perceive their world more accurately often exhibit a freedom from selecting, criticizing, and evaluating, allowing them to experience life more fully and authentically. This characteristic is part of self-actualization, where people are more accepting of themselves and others, and less encumbered by superficial judgments.

Question 5

A decrease in perceptual responding to a predictable and unchanging stimulus is known as
A)habituation.
B)dishabituation.
C)perseveration.
D)a perceptual set.

Accepted Answer

Habituation is the decrease in perceptual responding to a predictable and unchanging stimulus. Dishabituation is the recovery of responding to a habituated stimulus due to the presentation of a new and unexpected stimulus. Perseveration refers to the tendency to continue a behavior or thought even when it is no longer productive or necessary. A perceptual set is a predisposition to perceive things in a certain way based on an individual's expectations or prior experiences.

Question 6

The key to dishabituation is
A)breaking functional fixedness.
B)paying close attention.
C)multi-tasking and divided attention.
D)daily meditation.

Accepted Answer

Dishabituation involves re-responding to a familiar stimulus after a change in the environment. Paying close attention is crucial to noticing the change and rediscovering the habituated stimulus. Breaking functional fixedness, multi-tasking and divided attention, and daily meditation do not directly relate to dishabituation.

Question 7

Most of us tend to look at a tree and classify it into the perceptual category of "trees in general" without really appreciating the miracle standing before us.When we take the time to stop and pay attention to "this miracle" that we previously ignored,then we are exhibiting
A)habituation.
B)deductive reasoning.
C)inductive reasoning.
D)dishabituation.

Accepted Answer

Dishabituation refers to the process of renewing our recognition of a stimulus that we have previously habituated to. In this case, taking the time to stop and appreciate the miracle of the tree is an example of dishabituation.

Question 8

Regarding eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Judgments of color made under monochromatic light are highly unreliable.
B)The less time an eyewitness has to observe an event,the less well she or he will perceive and remember it.
C)The confidence of an eyewitness in their testimony is a good predictor of his or her accuracy.
D)Alcohol intoxication impairs later ability to recall events.

Accepted Answer

The confidence of an eyewitness in their testimony is not always a good predictor of their accuracy. Research has shown that a witness can be confident in their testimony but still be inaccurate, and vice versa. Confidence can be influenced by factors such as feedback from others, the presence of a weapon, and the witness's own expectations.

Question 9

If you show an increased perceptual awareness,you would most likely experience
A)dishabituation.
B)unconscious transference.
C)high levels of stress.
D)stimulus repetition with variation.

Accepted Answer

Dishabituation is a phenomenon where the perception of a familiar stimulus is renewed and becomes more salient due to the introduction of a new or unexpected stimulus. Increased perceptual awareness would lead to a heightened ability to detect and respond to subtle changes in the environment, which could result in dishabituation.

Question 10

Abraham Maslow believed that people who are unusually accurate in their perceptions have which of the following qualities?
A)a surrender to perceptual habits
B)a reliance on evaluation and criticism
C)immersion in past experiences
D)a lack of self-consciousness

Accepted Answer

Maslow believed that people who are unusually accurate in their perceptions have a lack of self-consciousness. They are able to perceive the world without the filter of their own biases and beliefs, allowing them to see things as they truly are.

Question 11

Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow believed that some people perceive themselves and others with unusual accuracy.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of these people?
A)immersion in the present
B)a lack of self-consciousness
C)open,aware,and mentally healthy
D)selects,criticizes,and evaluates

Accepted Answer

Maslow believed that people who perceive themselves and others with unusual accuracy are characterized by immersion in the present, a lack of self-consciousness, and being open, aware, and mentally healthy. However, Maslow did not suggest that these individuals habitually select, criticize, and evaluate themselves and others.

Question 12

To maintain personal objectivity requires
A)frequent reality testing.
B)empathic responding.
C)confidence and high self-esteem.
D)being open to suggestion.

Accepted Answer

To maintain personal objectivity, one needs to frequently reality test their beliefs and opinions, which involves seeking out alternative perspectives and evidence that may challenge or contradict their own. Empathic responding, confidence, high self-esteem, and being open to suggestion may all be helpful in certain contexts, but they are not necessarily essential components of personal objectivity.

Question 13

When you download a new song from iTunes,the music initially holds your attention all the way through.But when the song becomes "old," it may play without you really attending to it.This illustrates
A)habituation.
B)sensory gating.
C)perseveration.
D)dishabituation.

Accepted Answer

Habituation refers to the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated exposure to it. In this case, the song has become a familiar stimulus through repeated listening, leading to decreased attention and engagement with it. Sensory gating refers to the filtering out of irrelevant stimuli, perseveration refers to the repetitive thought or behavior patterns, and dishabituation refers to the restoration of responsiveness to a stimulus after a break from exposure to it.

Question 14

Research evidence has shown that the presence of a weapon
A)increases the accuracy of the account.
B)reduces the ambiguity of the interpretation of the situation.
C)impairs an eyewitness's accuracy of a description of a suspect.
D)allows an eyewitness to remember the event longer.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that the presence of a weapon can impair an eyewitness's accuracy in recalling and describing the suspect. This is due to the phenomenon known as "weapon focus," where the witness's attention is drawn to the weapon, leading to a decreased ability to remember other details about the situation or the suspect's appearance.

Question 15

Which of the following is a type of learning in which we learn to cease paying attention to familiar stimuli?
A)habituation.
B)dishabituation.
C)perseveration.
D)a perceptual set.

Accepted Answer

Habituation is a type of learning in which we learn to stop responding to familiar or repetitive stimuli. This is commonly observed in infants who stop reacting to the same sound or object after repeated exposure.

Question 16

The gathering of more information to check one's perceptions and improve one's objectivity is called
A)habituation.
B)a perceptual set.
C)precognition.
D)reality testing.

Accepted Answer

Reality testing involves gathering more information to check one's perceptions and improve one's objectivity. Habituation refers to the decreased response to a stimulus after repeated exposure. Perceptual set is a tendency to perceive certain stimuli in a specific way based on expectations and experience. Precognition refers to the supposed ability to see future events before they happen.

Question 17

Regarding eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Eyewitnesses sometimes experience unconscious transference in which they identify as a culprit someone they have seen in another situation or context.
B)Eyewitnesses are better at identifying members of other races than they are at identifying people of their own race.
C)Eyewitness testimony about an event often reflects not only what was actually seen,but also information obtained later on.
D)An eyewitness's testimony about an event can be affected by how the questions for the witness are worded.

Accepted Answer

The statement that eyewitnesses are better at identifying members of other races than they are at identifying people of their own race is false. Research has shown that people tend to be more accurate in identifying members of their own race due to the phenomenon of "own-race bias."

Question 18

Taking a fresh look and paying attention to those sensations that were previously ignored is known as
A)divergent thinking.
B)dishabituation.
C)convergent thinking.
D)habituation.

Accepted Answer

Dishabituation is the process of taking a fresh look and paying attention to stimuli that were previously ignored or habituated. Divergent thinking involves generating creative ideas and possibilities. Convergent thinking involves narrowing down possibilities and finding the correct solution to a problem. Habituation refers to the process of becoming accustomed to a stimulus over time and paying less attention to it.

Question 19

Maria tries to listen to others with full concentration,making eye contact and watching their facial expressions.She is enhancing her perceptual accuracy by
A)paying attention.
B)forming perceptual sets.
C)exhibiting habituation.
D)allowing her emotions to influence her perceptions.

Accepted Answer

Maria is enhancing her perceptual accuracy by paying attention, which involves being fully present and engaged with the person she is communicating with. This allows her to observe their verbal and nonverbal cues, leading to more accurate perceptions of their thoughts and feelings.

Question 20

Concerning eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)More than 300 people who were convicted of murder,rape,and other crimes in the United States based on eyewitness testimony have been exonerated by DNA testing.
B)An eyewitness's perception and memory for an event may be affected by his or her attitudes and expectations.
C)Our everyday perceptions are rarely as inaccurate or distorted as those of an emotional eyewitness to a crime.
D)Personal objectivity requires frequent reality testing to maintain.

Accepted Answer

Our everyday perceptions can also be inaccurate or distorted, especially in situations where our attention is divided or there are distractions. Emotional or stressful events can further affect the accuracy of our perceptions and memories. Therefore, statement C is false.

Quiz 22: Sensation and Perception: Perception and Objectivity

Creative people habituate

Regarding eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Enhanced perceptual accuracy can be achieved through

According to Maslow,people who perceive their world more accurately than others tend to be characterized by

A decrease in perceptual responding to a predictable and unchanging stimulus is known as

The key to dishabituation is

Most of us tend to look at a tree and classify it into the perceptual category of "trees in general" without really appreciating the miracle standing before us.When we take the time to stop and pay attention to "this miracle" that we previously ignored,then we are exhibiting

Regarding eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is FALSE?

If you show an increased perceptual awareness,you would most likely experience

Abraham Maslow believed that people who are unusually accurate in their perceptions have which of the following qualities?

Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow believed that some people perceive themselves and others with unusual accuracy.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of these people?

To maintain personal objectivity requires

When you download a new song from iTunes,the music initially holds your attention all the way through.But when the song becomes "old," it may play without you really attending to it.This illustrates

Research evidence has shown that the presence of a weapon

Which of the following is a type of learning in which we learn to cease paying attention to familiar stimuli?

The gathering of more information to check one's perceptions and improve one's objectivity is called

Regarding eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Taking a fresh look and paying attention to those sensations that were previously ignored is known as

Maria tries to listen to others with full concentration,making eye contact and watching their facial expressions.She is enhancing her perceptual accuracy by

Concerning eyewitness testimony,which of the following statements is FALSE?