Question 1

Basic functions of the brain include which of the following?
A)maintaining vital bodily functions and controlling muscles
B)creating consciousness and regulating itself
C)keeping track of the external world and responding to current needs
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

The brain is responsible for maintaining vital bodily functions and controlling muscles, creating consciousness and regulating itself, and keeping track of the external world and responding to current needs. Therefore, all of the options (A, B, and C) are correct.

Question 2

Several areas of the limbic system act as reward,or "pleasure," pathways with many overlapping with the areas that control thirst,sex,and hunger in the
A)cerebellum.
B)reticular formation.
C)hippocampus.
D)hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus controls thirst, sex, and hunger, as well as being a major part of the brain's reward pathway.

Question 3

Many of the addictive drugs activate the same pleasure centers as are activated by food and sex.Many of these pleasure centers are located in the
A)hypothalamus.
B)medulla.
C)cerebellum.
D)corpus callosum.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that is responsible for regulating various bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior. It also plays a key role in the brain's reward system, which is activated by drugs such as opioids, cocaine, and amphetamines. When these drugs are consumed, they release large amounts of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is involved in the regulation of pleasure and reward. This flood of dopamine in the reward centers of the hypothalamus produces a feeling of euphoria that can become addictive.

Question 4

Regarding the limbic system,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Many of the "pleasure pathways" in the limbic system are found within the reticular formation.
B)When punishment areas in the limbic system are activated,animals show discomfort and will work hard to turn off the stimulation.
C)Commonly abused drugs,such as nicotine and alcohol,activate the same pleasure pathways as sex and food.
D)Music that would be described as "thrilling" can activate pleasure systems in your brain.

Accepted Answer

The statement that "many of the 'pleasure pathways' in the limbic system are found within the reticular formation" is false. While the reticular formation does play a role in some aspects of the limbic system, it is not primarily associated with pleasure pathways. Rather, pleasure pathways are primarily associated with structures such as the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area.

Question 5

Unconscious fear produced by which part of the brain seems to explain why people who survive horrible experiences,such as a plane crash or combat during war,can have debilitating fears years later?
A)amygdala
B)hypothalamus
C)reticular activating system
D)somatosensory cortex

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is responsible for emotional processing and is involved in the formation and storage of fear memories. Traumatic experiences can create strong fear memories that remain unconscious but can still trigger debilitating fears and anxiety years later.

Question 6

Regarding the hippocampus,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)The hippocampus lies inside the temporal lobes.
B)The hippocampus is associated with forming lasting memories.
C)The hippocampus tells us when to fear dangerous stimuli.
D)The hippocampus helps us navigate through space.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is not responsible for telling us when to fear dangerous stimuli, but rather it plays a role in the formation and retrieval of memories, as well as spatial navigation. The amygdala is the brain structure typically associated with fear responses.

Question 7

Which part of the brain stores lasting verbal memories and helps us navigate through space?
A)amygdala
B)hypothalamus
C)pons
D)hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a part of the brain that is responsible for the formation and storage of long-term memories, particularly verbal memories. It is also involved in spatial navigation and memory. The amygdala is involved in emotions, the hypothalamus is involved in regulating the body's physiological processes, and the pons is involved in basic life-sustaining functions such as breathing and sleeping, but not specifically related to verbal memories or spatial navigation.

Question 8

Although Marcie remembers all aspects of her life before she experienced brain damage in a terrible fall,each morning she must reread details of her present life that are written in a diary because she is unable to adequately store new memories.The brain damage Marcie experienced was most likely to her
A)amygdala.
B)pons.
C)hypothalamus.
D)hippocampus.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is responsible for the formation and consolidation of new memories. Marcie's inability to store new memories indicates damage to this part of the brain, while her ability to remember details from before her injury suggests that other areas of the brain may be functioning properly.

Question 9

Which area of the limbic system will become more active,if you mentally plan a drive across town?
A)the bottom part of the amygdala
B)the left side of the hypothalamus
C)the top part of the thalamus
D)the right side of the hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is responsible for spatial navigation and memory, so it would become more active when mentally planning a drive across town.

Question 10

A detective is shot and suffers brain damage.He is unable to store new memories,so he must relearn information each day from photographs and notes as he tries to find the criminal who shot him.The part of his brain that was most likely damaged was the
A)hypothalamus.
B)hippocampus.
C)somatosensory cortex.
D)amygdala.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is responsible for forming new memories and consolidating them for long-term storage. Damage to this area can result in anterograde amnesia, where new information cannot be stored. This is consistent with the detective's symptoms.

Question 11

Which system is considered a parallel communication system to the nervous system in the body with its secretions passing directly into the bloodstream or lymph system?
A)endocrine
B)reticular activating
C)limbic
D)somatosensory

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system is considered a parallel communication system to the nervous system as its secretions (hormones) are released directly into the bloodstream or lymph system and can affect various parts of the body.

Question 12

Listening to certain pieces of music can send shivers down your spine because it activates which area of the brain?
A)reticular activating system
B)limbic system
C)midbrain
D)corpus callosum

Accepted Answer

The limbic system is responsible for emotional processing, memory, and arousal. Music can trigger emotional responses and memories, leading to the shivers down the spine sensation.

Question 13

Regarding the limbic system,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Many of the "pleasure pathways" in the limbic system are found within the pons.
B)When punishment areas in the limbic system are activated,animals actually show pleasure rather than discomfort and work actively to keep the stimulation turned on.
C)Commonly abused drugs,such as nicotine and alcohol,activate the same pleasure pathways as sex and food.
D)The limbic system is made up of the medulla,cerebellum,pons,and reticular formation.

Accepted Answer

Commonly abused drugs such as nicotine and alcohol activate the same pleasure pathways as sex and food. This is because these drugs increase the levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, in the limbic system.

Question 14

Regarding the brain,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Brain circuitry cannot be significantly changed by outside experiences.
B)Incoming information scatters all over the brain and converges again as it goes out through the spinal cord,to muscles and glands.
C)The brain is a vast information-processing system,keeping track of the external world and responding to current needs.
D)The brain regulates its own behavior and creates the "mind" and the magic of consciousness.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Brain circuitry can be significantly changed by outside experiences, a process known as neuroplasticity. This is demonstrated through different form of therapies and trainings, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and meditation, which have been shown to cause physical changes in the brain.

Question 15

Commonly abused drugs,such as cocaine,amphetamine,heroin,nicotine,marijuana,and alcohol,activate pleasure pathways within the _______ system.
A)endocrine
B)reticular activating
C)limbic
D)somatosensory

Accepted Answer

The limbic system is a collection of structures in the brain involved in emotion, motivation, and pleasure. Commonly abused drugs activate the pleasure pathways within the limbic system, leading to feelings of euphoria and reinforcing drug use. The endocrine system is involved in hormone production and regulation, the reticular activating system is involved in arousal and attention, and the somatosensory system is involved in sensation and perception. Therefore, options A, B, and D are not the best choices.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT considered a basic function of the brain?
A)maintaining bodily functions
B)directing muscles and glands
C)creating the magic of consciousness
D)reordering the genetic code during organogenesis

Accepted Answer

Reordering the genetic code during organogenesis is not a basic function of the brain. The brain is responsible for maintaining bodily functions, directing muscles and glands, and creating the magic of consciousness.

Question 17

By using electrical stimulation,reward (or pleasure centers)and punishment (or "aversive" areas)can be shown to exist in the
A)cerebellum.
B)limbic system.
C)occipital lobe.
D)medulla.

Accepted Answer

Electrical stimulation studies have shown that reward centers or pleasure centers and punishment or aversive areas exist in the limbic system, which is responsible for emotions, motivation, and learning. The cerebellum is primarily involved in movement control, the occipital lobe is responsible for vision, and the medulla controls essential autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 18

Damage to which part of the limbic system would most likely impair memory?
A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)amygdala
D)hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a crucial part of the limbic system that plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in the formation and consolidation of new memories. Damage to the hippocampus would most likely impair memory function. The thalamus is primarily involved in sensory processing, while the hypothalamus is primarily involved in regulating basic physiological functions such as hunger, thirst, and body temperature. The amygdala is involved in emotional processing and responses, particularly in relation to fear and aggression.

Question 19

Which part of the brain lies within the temporal lobes and produces memory-like or dream-like experiences when the temporal lobes are stimulated?
A)amygdala
B)hippocampus
C)thalamus
D)pons

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus lies within the temporal lobes and is involved in memory processes. Stimulation of the hippocampus can produce memory-like or dream-like experiences, such as déjà vu or vivid recollections.

Question 20

Hormones are poured into the bloodstream and lymph system by the glands of the _______ system.
A)limbic
B)reticular activating
C)endocrine
D)somatic

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system is responsible for producing and secreting hormones into the bloodstream and lymph system. The limbic system is responsible for emotions and motivation, while the reticular activating system is involved in regulating arousal and sleep-wake transitions. The somatic system controls voluntary movements and sensory information.

Quiz 11: Brain and Behavior: Sub-Cortex and Endocrine System

Basic functions of the brain include which of the following?

Several areas of the limbic system act as reward,or "pleasure," pathways with many overlapping with the areas that control thirst,sex,and hunger in the

Many of the addictive drugs activate the same pleasure centers as are activated by food and sex.Many of these pleasure centers are located in the

Regarding the limbic system,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Unconscious fear produced by which part of the brain seems to explain why people who survive horrible experiences,such as a plane crash or combat during war,can have debilitating fears years later?

Regarding the hippocampus,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which part of the brain stores lasting verbal memories and helps us navigate through space?

Which area of the limbic system will become more active,if you mentally plan a drive across town?

A detective is shot and suffers brain damage.He is unable to store new memories,so he must relearn information each day from photographs and notes as he tries to find the criminal who shot him.The part of his brain that was most likely damaged was the

Which system is considered a parallel communication system to the nervous system in the body with its secretions passing directly into the bloodstream or lymph system?

Listening to certain pieces of music can send shivers down your spine because it activates which area of the brain?

Regarding the limbic system,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Regarding the brain,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Commonly abused drugs,such as cocaine,amphetamine,heroin,nicotine,marijuana,and alcohol,activate pleasure pathways within the _______ system.

Which of the following is NOT considered a basic function of the brain?

By using electrical stimulation,reward (or pleasure centers) and punishment (or "aversive" areas) can be shown to exist in the

Damage to which part of the limbic system would most likely impair memory?

Which part of the brain lies within the temporal lobes and produces memory-like or dream-like experiences when the temporal lobes are stimulated?

Hormones are poured into the bloodstream and lymph system by the glands of the _______ system.