Question 1

Which of the following is most closely associated with surgical removal of parts of the brain?
A)clinical studies
B)ablation
C)MRI scan
D)electroencephalography

Accepted Answer

Ablation is the surgical removal of tissue, in this case, parts of the brain. Clinical studies, MRI scans, and electroencephalography are all methods of observing or studying the brain, but do not involve surgical removal of tissue.

Question 2

A doctor activates the surface of a patient's brain by touching it with a small electrified wire and the patient tells the doctor what effect the stimulation had.Regarding this procedure,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)This procedure is impossible because patients cannot be awake during brain procedures.
B)The doctor is performing an ablation.
C)The doctor is using an electrode to "turn on" brain structures.
D)The doctor is using an EEG to "turn on" brain structures.

Accepted Answer

The doctor is using an electrode to "turn on" brain structures. This procedure is called direct electrical stimulation and is commonly used during brain mapping procedures, where a surgeon needs to identify critical functional brain areas, such as those responsible for speech or movement, to avoid damaging them during surgery. Patients are awake during the procedure so they can provide real-time feedback to the doctor, allowing for more precise mapping of the brain.

Question 3

Max,a seventy-year-old man has recently been exhibiting a somewhat awkward gait and poor eye-hand coordination as well as slight changes to his personality.His family encourages him to see a doctor,who determines that Max has had a slight stroke.Max's family had observed
A)neural inductions.
B)psychotic indicators.
C)confabulations.
D)neurological soft signs.

Accepted Answer

Max's symptoms of awkward gait, poor eye-hand coordination and changes in personality suggest that he may have neurological soft signs, which are minor neurological abnormalities that can indicate brain dysfunction. These signs may suggest that a stroke has occurred. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Neural inductions, psychotic indicators, and confabulations do not correspond with the symptoms that Max is exhibiting.

Question 4

Studies that examine changes in personality,behavior,or sensory capacity caused by brain diseases or injuries and help doctors to localize function by linking psychological or behavioral capacities with particular brain structures are known as ______ studies.
A)neural induction
B)neurogenesis
C)functional analysis
D)clinical case

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies that examine changes in personality,behavior,or sensory...

Question 5

After Phineas Gage's accident in which a metal rod entered his brain,the doctors kept notes on his behavior,used tests to measure various responses,and interviewed Phineas and those who knew him.His brain injury was studied using a(n)
A)ablation.
B)clinical case study.
C)ESB.
D)functional analysis.

Accepted Answer

A clinical case study involves observing and gathering information about an individual's behavior and medical history in order to understand a particular condition or injury. Phineas Gage's accident and subsequent behavior was extensively studied through this method. The other options - ablation, ESB, and functional analysis - generally involve more invasive procedures and would not have been used in this case.

Question 6

Scientists destroyed a tiny area of a cat's limbic system by inserting a tiny electrode into this target area and then passing an electric current through the electrode.The technique used is known as
A)ESB.
B)neural induction.
C)deep lesioning.
D)FMRI.

Accepted Answer

The technique described is deep lesioning, which involves the destruction of a targeted area of the brain through the use of an electrode and an electric current. ESB (Electrical Stimulation of the Brain) typically involves the opposite process, where small electrical impulses are used to stimulate specific brain regions. Neural induction refers to the development of neural cells during embryonic development and is not relevant to this scenario. FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) is a brain imaging technique that uses magnetic fields to detect changes in blood flow and is not relevant to this scenario.

Question 7

Ray awoke one morning to find that he could not see anything in the upper right side of his visual field,his right eye and the right side of his mouth looked different in the mirror,his gait when walking was a bit awkward,and he felt generally "clumsy." Ray is exhibiting
A)neurological soft signs of a stroke.
B)the initial onset of spatial neglect.
C)hard neurological signs of facial agnosia.
D)the initial onset of Alzheimer's disease.

Accepted Answer

Ray's symptoms are indicative of a stroke, which can cause sudden neurological deficits such as partial vision loss, facial drooping, and coordination problems. These are considered hard neurological signs rather than soft signs or symptoms of other conditions like spatial neglect, facial agnosia, or Alzheimer's disease.

Question 8

The destruction of brain tissue occurs with both deep lesioning and with surgical
A)fMRI.
B)PET.
C)electroencephalography.
D)ablation.

Accepted Answer

The term "lesioning" refers to the deliberate destruction of brain tissue, which is typically achieved through a technique called ablation. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 9

Dr.Anton removed a tumor from the back area of a man's brain.After removal of this portion of the brain,the man had visual problems.This surgical removal of brain tissue is called
A)deep lesioning.
B)ablation.
C)ESB.
D)fMRI.

Accepted Answer

Ablation refers to the surgical removal of brain tissue, which is what occurred in this scenario.

Question 10

A psychiatrist does a lengthy and thorough examination of a patient in a hospital.This patient was the victim of a car accident,in which a pen that was lying on the dashboard actually pierced her skull and her brain.The psychiatrist performs physical examinations,interviews with the patient and family members,and closely observes her behavior.This technique is known as a(n)
A)clinical case study.
B)ablation.
C)ESB.
D)functional analysis.

Accepted Answer

A clinical case study involves a detailed and comprehensive examination of an individual patient, which includes physical examinations, interviews, and behavioral observations. This is commonly used in psychiatry to understand and diagnose mental health conditions. In this case, the psychiatrist is conducting a clinical case study on the patient who experienced a traumatic brain injury from a car accident. Ablation and ESB (electrical stimulation of the brain) are neurosurgical techniques that are not applicable in this scenario. Functional analysis is a behavioral intervention used in applied behavior analysis to identify the function of a person's problematic behavior. It is not relevant to the current situation.

Question 11

Pierre Flourens surgically removed portions of a rabbit's cerebellum with the rabbit subsequently showing extreme problems with motor coordination.This surgical removal of portions of the cerebellum is an example of
A)ablation.
B)deep lesioning.
C)ESB.
D)fMRI.

Accepted Answer

Ablation refers to the removal or destruction of a part of the brain through surgical or chemical means. In this case, Pierre Flourens surgically removed portions of the rabbit's cerebellum, causing the observed problems with motor coordination. Deep lesioning involves creating a small, intentional injury within a specific brain area to disrupt its function, which is different from the complete removal of a portion of the brain as in this case. ESB (electrical stimulation of the brain) and fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) are not applicable to this scenario.

Question 12

The use of an electrode to stimulate small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called
A)ESB.
B)deep lesioning.
C)fMRI.
D)electroencephalography.

Accepted Answer

The use of an electrode to stimulate small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB). Deep lesioning involves destroying a larger area of the brain, fMRI is a neuroimaging technique that does not involve the use of electrodes, and electroencephalography involves recording electrical activity on the surface of the scalp, not beneath the surface of the brain.

Question 13

The symptoms of memory loss,trouble spelling words,depression,and moodiness exhibited by Dave Duerson and other NFL football players who had suffered concussions would be considered
A)neurological soft signs.
B)symptoms of spatial neglect.
C)functional lateralizations.
D)confabulations.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with neurological soft signs, which are mild neurological abnormalities that may indicate damage or dysfunction in the brain. This is commonly seen in individuals with a history of concussions or traumatic brain injuries, such as NFL football players.

Question 14

A detailed investigation of a single person,especially one suffering from some injury or disease is known as a(n)
A)ablation.
B)functional analysis.
C)clinical case study.
D)clinical dissection.

Accepted Answer

A clinical case study is a detailed investigation of a single person, especially one suffering from some injury or disease. Ablation refers to the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function, typically by surgery or intentional damage. Functional analysis involves identifying the relationship between behavior and environmental events, and clinical dissection is not a commonly used term in the medical field.

Question 15

Scientists implanted an electrode into a specific area of a rat's brain.When the electrode was activated,which in turn activated the target area,the rat aggressively attacked a cat within the same cage.The technique being utilized by the scientists is known as
A)ESB.
B)ablation.
C)deep lesioning.
D)PET.

Accepted Answer

ESB (Electrical Stimulation of the Brain) involves the use of small electric currents to stimulate specific areas of the brain. In this scenario, activating the electrode in the rat's brain triggered aggression towards the cat in the same cage. Ablation, deep lesioning, and PET do not involve the use of electrical stimulation in this way.

Question 16

The use of an electrode to destroy small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called
A)PET.
B)neural induction.
C)deep lesioning.
D)electroencephalography.

Accepted Answer

The term "deep lesioning" specifically refers to the use of electrodes to destroy small areas of the brain beneath the surface. Pet refers to positron emission tomography, which is a brain imaging technique. Neural induction refers to the process by which cells develop into neurons. Electroencephalography is a technique used to record and measure electrical activity in the brain, but it does not involve destroying brain tissue.

Question 17

Jacob suspects he may have had a stroke because he is having some difficulty in controlling his right hand and feels numbness on the right side of his face.This behavioral evidence of possible brain damage is called
A)neurological soft signs.
B)spatial neglect.
C)neurogenesis.
D)virilism.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral evidence described in the scenario, such as difficulty in controlling the right hand and feeling numbness on the right side of the face, are typical neurological soft signs that are indicative of possible brain damage or neurological impairment, such as a stroke. Spatial neglect refers to a condition in which an individual ignores or fails to acknowledge one side of the body or space, which is not necessarily indicative of brain damage. Neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons in the brain, and virilism refers to the medical condition of experiencing male-like symptoms due to an excess of androgens. Neither of these concepts is relevant to the scenario described.

Question 18

Any device,such as a wire,needle,or metal plate,used to electrically stimulate or destroy nerve tissue or to record its activity is called a(n)
A)electrode.
B)inductor.
C)neuralizer.
D)telemetry instrument.

Accepted Answer

The device described is an electrode, which is commonly used in neuroscience research and clinical practice to stimulate or record activity from nerve tissue. The other options - inductor, neuralizer, and telemetry instrument - may be used in different contexts or applications, but do not accurately describe the device in question.

Question 19

Which of the following are not direct tests of the brain,but are subtle outward behavioral signs of nervous system dysfunction that have been used to diagnose problems ranging from childhood learning disorders to psychosis?
A)confabulations
B)neurological soft signs
C)neural inductions
D)brain embolisms

Accepted Answer

Neurological soft signs are subtle behavioral signs that indicate neurological dysfunction and are not direct tests of the brain. Confabulations, neural inductions, and brain embolisms also do not fit the criteria of being direct tests of the brain, but they are not typically used as indicators of nervous system dysfunction.

Question 20

Regarding the use of brain stimulation research,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Brain research is often based on electrical stimulation,but chemical stimulation is also used at times.
B)Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)has been used to instantly call forth euphoria,aggression,or tears in a person.
C)Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)has been used to control a person's actions and personality,like a robot.
D)Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)has been used to instantly call forth eating,sleeping,or speech in a person.

Accepted Answer

While electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) can affect a person's behavior and emotional response, it cannot fully control their actions and personality like a robot. ESB is a tool used in research to better understand how the brain functions, but it is not capable of completely overriding a person's free will or decision-making abilities.

Quiz 9: Brain and Behavior: Brain Research

Which of the following is most closely associated with surgical removal of parts of the brain?

A doctor activates the surface of a patient's brain by touching it with a small electrified wire and the patient tells the doctor what effect the stimulation had.Regarding this procedure,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Max,a seventy-year-old man has recently been exhibiting a somewhat awkward gait and poor eye-hand coordination as well as slight changes to his personality.His family encourages him to see a doctor,who determines that Max has had a slight stroke.Max's family had observed

Studies that examine changes in personality,behavior,or sensory capacity caused by brain diseases or injuries and help doctors to localize function by linking psychological or behavioral capacities with particular brain structures are known as ______ studies.

After Phineas Gage's accident in which a metal rod entered his brain,the doctors kept notes on his behavior,used tests to measure various responses,and interviewed Phineas and those who knew him.His brain injury was studied using a(n)

Scientists destroyed a tiny area of a cat's limbic system by inserting a tiny electrode into this target area and then passing an electric current through the electrode.The technique used is known as

Ray awoke one morning to find that he could not see anything in the upper right side of his visual field,his right eye and the right side of his mouth looked different in the mirror,his gait when walking was a bit awkward,and he felt generally "clumsy." Ray is exhibiting

The destruction of brain tissue occurs with both deep lesioning and with surgical

Dr.Anton removed a tumor from the back area of a man's brain.After removal of this portion of the brain,the man had visual problems.This surgical removal of brain tissue is called

Pierre Flourens surgically removed portions of a rabbit's cerebellum with the rabbit subsequently showing extreme problems with motor coordination.This surgical removal of portions of the cerebellum is an example of

The use of an electrode to stimulate small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called

The symptoms of memory loss,trouble spelling words,depression,and moodiness exhibited by Dave Duerson and other NFL football players who had suffered concussions would be considered

A detailed investigation of a single person,especially one suffering from some injury or disease is known as a(n)

Scientists implanted an electrode into a specific area of a rat's brain.When the electrode was activated,which in turn activated the target area,the rat aggressively attacked a cat within the same cage.The technique being utilized by the scientists is known as

The use of an electrode to destroy small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called

Jacob suspects he may have had a stroke because he is having some difficulty in controlling his right hand and feels numbness on the right side of his face.This behavioral evidence of possible brain damage is called

Any device,such as a wire,needle,or metal plate,used to electrically stimulate or destroy nerve tissue or to record its activity is called a(n)

Which of the following are not direct tests of the brain,but are subtle outward behavioral signs of nervous system dysfunction that have been used to diagnose problems ranging from childhood learning disorders to psychosis?

Regarding the use of brain stimulation research,which of the following statements is FALSE?