Question 1

Read the following four statements about the social foundations of deviance.Select the one statement that is FALSE.
A)Deviance exists only in relation to cultural norms.
B)There are many acts that are always deviant everywhere.
C)People become deviant as others define them that way.
D)What the norms are and how people apply them involve social power.

Accepted Answer

There are no acts that are always deviant everywhere. Deviance is defined by cultural norms and what is considered deviant in one culture or society may not be considered deviant in another.

Question 2

Every person charged with a crime in the United States is sentenced after receiving a trial by jury.

Accepted Answer

While a trial by jury is a common method of reaching a verdict in criminal cases in the United States, some cases may be resolved through alternative means such as a plea bargain or a bench trial, where a judge determines the verdict.

Question 3

"Due process" means handling alleged offenders within the bounds of the law.

Accepted Answer

"Due process" refers to the legal requirements and procedures that must be followed in any legal proceeding involving an alleged offender. It ensures that the accused is able to defend themselves, and that their rights are protected throughout the proceedings. Therefore, handling alleged offenders within the bounds of the law is a key aspect of due process.

Question 4

Based on your reading, it would be correct to say that biological approaches offer
A)a very limited understanding of crime.
B)a good explanation of most crimes.
C)a good explanation of violent crime.
D)a good explanation of property crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on your reading, it would be...

Question 5

What does the story about the conviction and imprisonment of Bruce Glover suggest about punishment in the United States?
A)Crime truly does pay.
B)Convicts can lose everything important to them while in prison and, after release, they often struggle to fit back into society.
C)The U.S.criminal justice system truly rehabilitates criminals effectively.
D)After you get out of prison, society welcomes you back with open arms.

Accepted Answer

The story about the conviction and imprisonment of Bruce Glover suggest that punishment in the United States can strip convicts of everything important to them and that they often struggle to reintegrate into society after being released. This suggests that the U.S. criminal justice system does not necessarily rehabilitate criminals effectively and that there are significant challenges that convicts face after serving their sentences.

Question 6

Which of the following are functions of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim?
A)Deviance affirms cultural values and norms.
B)Responding to deviance promotes social unity.
C)Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundaries.
D)All of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

Emile Durkheim believed that deviance serves a necessary function in society, including affirming cultural values and norms, promoting social unity through a collective response to deviants, and clarifying moral boundaries by defining what behaviors are acceptable and what are not. Therefore, all of the given options are correct functions of deviance according to Durkheim.

Question 7

The United States is the only Western, high-income nation that routinely imposes the death penalty on convicted offenders.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The United States is the only Western, high-income country that still practices the death penalty. Many other countries, including most of Europe and Canada, have abolished it.

Question 8

Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called ______.
A)neighborhood watch
B)self control
C)social control
D)the legal system

Accepted Answer

Social control is the process of regulating or controlling the behavior of individuals within a society. This can be done through informal means, such as social norms and values, or formal means, such as laws and regulations. Neighborhood watch and self-control are examples of informal social control, while the legal system is an example of formal social control. However, the most general term used for regulating behavior in a society is social control.

Question 9

In his study of New England's Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that
A)people everywhere define mostly the same things as deviant.
B)very religious people create very little deviance.
C)even this disciplined and highly religious group created deviance to clarify the moral boundaries of their community.
D)the proportion of people in the population that the Puritans defined as deviant kept rising over time.

Accepted Answer

Kai Erikson's study of New England's Puritans concluded that even this disciplined and highly religious group created deviance to clarify the moral boundaries of their community. They defined certain behaviors as deviant in order to differentiate their community from those outside of it and to reinforce their own values and beliefs. This suggests that even in highly regulated and disciplined groups, deviance can still exist and serve a purpose.

Question 10

Probation and parole are two types of community-based corrections.

Accepted Answer

Probation and parole are both examples of community-based corrections, which refers to the supervision and support of individuals released from incarceration in order to facilitate their successful re-integration into society. Probation is a type of community-based supervision that is usually assigned as an alternative to incarceration for individuals who have been convicted of a crime, while parole is a form of early release from a correctional institution that involves continued supervision in the community.

Question 11

The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because
A)very few people experience an "unsuccessful socialization."
B)there has been very little research of this kind.
C)there is no way to distinguish "normal" from "abnormal" people.
D)most people who commit crimes have normal personalities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The value of psychological theories of deviance...

Question 12

In the United States, even though the crime rate has gone down in recent years, the number of people in prison has gone up.

Accepted Answer

This is due to various factors such as mandatory minimum sentencing laws, longer sentences, and increased enforcement of drug laws.

Question 13

The old saying, "An eye for an eye," expresses the essence of rehabilitation.

Accepted Answer

"An eye for an eye" is a concept related to retribution or retaliation, not rehabilitation. Rehabilitation focuses on helping offenders change their behavior and become productive members of society, rather than simply punishing them for their actions.

Question 14

"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime
A)is always more serious.
B)is usually less serious.
C)refers to a violation of norms enacted into law.
D)involves a larger share of the population.

Accepted Answer

Crime refers to actions that violate laws, which are formal norms that have been enacted and are enforced. Deviance, on the other hand, refers to actions that go against social norms, whether or not they are illegal. Therefore, while not all deviant behaviors are criminal, all crimes are deviant behaviors punishable by law.

Question 15

What concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials?
A)the normative system
B)social control
C)civil law
D)the criminal justice system

Accepted Answer

The formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials is known as the criminal justice system.

Question 16

Assume you were listening to a lecture on Durkheim's approach to deviance.Which of the following statements might well be the focus of the lecture?
A)Deviance is a normal element of social organization.
B)Deviance is a dysfunctional element of social organization.
C)Deviance is less common in modern societies.
D)Deviance is defined by the rich and used against the poor.

Accepted Answer

Durkheim's approach to deviance emphasizes that deviance is a normal element of social organization. He argues that a certain amount of deviance is necessary for society to maintain its moral boundaries and reinforce social norms.

Question 17

In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which of the following concepts refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them?
A)innovation
B)ritualism
C)retreatism
D)rebellion

Accepted Answer

According to Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, innovation refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them. Innovators strive for success and wealth, but they reject conventional means such as hard work and education, instead turning to illegal or unconventional means such as theft or drug dealing to achieve their goals.

Question 18

Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz claimed that "good boys" have the ability to rein in deviant impulses.They called their analysis
A)differential opportunity theory.
B)containment theory.
C)libido theory.
D)differential association theory.

Accepted Answer

The theory described in the question is containment theory, as it suggests that individuals who are able to contain their deviant impulses are considered "good boys". The other answer choices mentioned (differential opportunity theory, differential association theory, and libido theory) focus on different theories of crime and deviance.

Question 19

Which of the following concepts refers to "the recognized violation of cultural norms"?
A)deviance
B)crime
C)legal infraction
D)juvenile delinquency

Accepted Answer

Deviance refers to behavior that violates cultural norms, while crime refers specifically to behavior that is prohibited by law. Legal infraction is a synonym for crime, and juvenile delinquency refers specifically to crimes committed by minors.

Question 20

Read the four statements below.Which comes closest to the correct view of the role of biology in causing people to commit crimes?
A)Males with certain body types commit the most serious crimes.
B)Lombroso proved a century ago that biological factors are the major cause of crime.
C)Biological factors may have a real but small effect in causing some people to commit crimes.
D)Genetics research has succeeded in explaining most criminality.

Accepted Answer

Biological factors can influence behavior, but they are only one of many factors, including environmental and social influences, that contribute to criminal behavior.

Quiz 9: Deviance

Read the following four statements about the social foundations of deviance.Select the one statement that is FALSE.

Every person charged with a crime in the United States is sentenced after receiving a trial by jury.

"Due process" means handling alleged offenders within the bounds of the law.

Based on your reading, it would be correct to say that biological approaches offer

What does the story about the conviction and imprisonment of Bruce Glover suggest about punishment in the United States?

Which of the following are functions of deviance noted by Emile Durkheim?

The United States is the only Western, high-income nation that routinely imposes the death penalty on convicted offenders.

Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called ______.

In his study of New England's Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that

Probation and parole are two types of community-based corrections.

The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because

In the United States, even though the crime rate has gone down in recent years, the number of people in prison has gone up.

The old saying, "An eye for an eye," expresses the essence of rehabilitation.

"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime

What concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials?

Assume you were listening to a lecture on Durkheim's approach to deviance.Which of the following statements might well be the focus of the lecture?

In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which of the following concepts refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them?

Walter Reckless and Simon Dinitz claimed that "good boys" have the ability to rein in deviant impulses.They called their analysis

Which of the following concepts refers to "the recognized violation of cultural norms"?

Read the four statements below.Which comes closest to the correct view of the role of biology in causing people to commit crimes?