Question 1

Which of the following statements is most accurate concerning the biochemical basis of schizophrenia?
A)The neurotransmitter dopamine is overly active.
B)Dopamine is underactive.
C)Serotonin levels are too low.
D)There is too much glutamate activity.

Accepted Answer

The current understanding is that schizophrenia is associated with an overactivity of dopamine neurotransmission, particularly in the mesolimbic dopamine system. This is supported by research findings that drugs that increase dopamine activity, such as amphetamines, can produce psychotic symptoms, while medications that block or decrease dopamine activity, such as antipsychotics, are effective in reducing symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 2

First-time callers to suicide prevention lines benefit most from:
A)empathy and active listening.
B)firm,demanding instructions to "get over it."
C)extensive problem-solving interventions.
D)direct referral to the hospital.

Accepted Answer

First-time callers to suicide prevention lines are often in crisis and require empathy and active listening to feel heard and understood. Providing a non-judgmental space for them to express their thoughts and feelings can often be enough to prevent them from taking harmful actions. Firm, demanding instructions or extensive problem-solving may be overwhelming or dismissive to someone in crisis, and direct referral to the hospital may not be necessary or appropriate for every situation.

Question 3

The idea that anxiety disorders can be self-perpetuating means that:
A)anxiety in one situation always causes anxiety in another situation,regardless of what is happening in those situations.
B)the emotions associated with anxiety lead to physiological responses,which in turn lead to more anxious emotions,creating a vicious cycle.
C)you choose when and what to be anxious about.
D)anxiety is always limited to one situation or place.

Accepted Answer

The idea that anxiety disorders can be self-perpetuating means that the emotions associated with anxiety lead to physiological responses, which in turn lead to more anxious emotions, creating a vicious cycle. This cycle can continue and worsen the anxiety over time.

Question 4

A patient who is nonresponsive and remains still in odd postures may be diagnosed with which subtype of schizophrenia?
A)Disorganized
B)Undifferentiated
C)Catatonic
D)Residual

Accepted Answer

This behavior is characteristic of catatonic subtype of schizophrenia. In this subtype, the patient may exhibit immobility or bizarre postures, echolalia or echopraxia.

Question 5

DSM-IV-TR was designed to provide a complete list of _______.
A)treatment models
B)health providers
C)mental disorder
D)innate predispositions

Accepted Answer

DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision) was designed to provide a complete list of mental disorders. It is a classification system used by mental health professionals to diagnose and treat mental illness. It does not address treatment models, health providers, or innate predispositions.

Question 6

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between schizophrenia and violence?
A)Generally,people with schizophrenia are no more likely to become violent than non-mentally ill people,and if violence occurs,other factors,such as substance abuse,are likely to contribute to its cause.
B)People with schizophrenia are twice as likely to be violent as non-mentally ill people.
C)People with schizophrenia are far more peaceful than non-mentally ill people.
D)People with schizophrenia cannot differentiate right from wrong,and therefore are prone to violence.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia are no more likely to engage in violence than those without schizophrenia. The majority of people with schizophrenia do not engage in violence. If violence does occur, it is often associated with other factors such as substance abuse rather than solely the presence of schizophrenia. Therefore, option A is the most accurate statement. Option B and D are not entirely accurate, as they make sweeping generalizations that are not supported by research. Option C is also not completely accurate, as it is too broad and does not consider individual differences among people with and without schizophrenia.

Question 7

A person with schizophrenia who experiences delusions that she is royalty is experiencing a(n)_____ symptom.
A)positive
B)negative
C)catatonic
D)undifferentiated

Accepted Answer

Delusions are a positive symptom of schizophrenia, meaning they represent an addition or exaggeration of normal behaviors or experiences.

Question 8

DSM-IV-TR is most helpful because:
A)it includes treatments for each disorder.
B)it allows the practitioner to determine the cause of the disorder.
C)it allows disorders to be classified on five separate dimensions.
D)a disorder can be determined with questionnaire data

Accepted Answer

DSM-IV-TR allows disorders to be classified on five separate dimensions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the individual's diagnosis. While the manual does provide information on treatments for disorders, it does not determine the cause of the disorder or allow for a disorder to be determined solely through questionnaire data.

Question 9

DSM-IV-TR classifies people along five axes and _____ disorders.
A)interprets
B)speculates on causes of
C)describes symptoms of
D)prescribes treatment for

Accepted Answer

DSM-IV-TR describes symptoms of disorders, but it does not necessarily speculate on their causes or prescribe treatment for them. While interpretation may be involved in the diagnosis process, it is not a primary function of the DSM-IV-TR.

Question 10

Axis 4 of the DSM-IV-TR attempts to rate the individual's level of __________.
A)GAF (Global Assessment of Functions)
B)stress
C)"normality"
D)life functioning (social)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Axis 4 of the DSM-IV-TR attempts to...

Question 11

The DSM-IV-TR contains __________ axes.
A)2
B)4
C)5
D)6

Accepted Answer

The DSM-IV-TR contains five axes including clinical disorders, personality disorders and mental retardation, general medical conditions, psychosocial and environmental problems, and global assessment of functioning.

Question 12

Evidence for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis includes the fact that young children who eventually develop schizophrenia:
A)report hallucinations as early as four years of age.
B)show unusual motor patterns such as jerky,repeated movements.
C)lapse into periods of catatoniA
D)had the flu during preschool.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that young children who later develop schizophrenia display unusual motor behaviors such as jerky and repeated movements, which is consistent with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis. While hallucinations and periods of catatonia can occur in individuals with schizophrenia, they are not necessarily seen in young children who eventually develop the disorder. Having the flu during preschool is not a consistent or significant factor in the development of schizophrenia.

Question 13

An individual showing poor integration of thinking and emotion visits a psychiatrist claiming that all of her neighbors are watching her.Into which category of schizophrenia might the psychiatrist classify the individual?
A)Residual
B)Undifferentiated
C)Disorganized
D)Paranoid

Accepted Answer

The individual's belief that her neighbors are watching her is a characteristic symptom of paranoid schizophrenia. Additionally, the poor integration of thinking and emotion is another symptom commonly associated with paranoid schizophrenia.

Question 14

Depression is associated with lower activity in the frontal lobe,which may result in:
A)lack of appetite.
B)difficulty concentrating and thinking.
C)periods of elevated mood and energy.
D)constipation.

Accepted Answer

Lower activity in the frontal lobe is associated with difficulty concentrating and thinking, which are common symptoms of depression. Lack of appetite and constipation may also be symptoms of depression but are not directly linked to frontal lobe activity. Periods of elevated mood and energy are more commonly associated with bipolar disorder than depression.

Question 15

There have been several famous cases of people with superior intellectual abilities as well as schizophrenia.Does this mean that schizophrenia is the cause or the result of genius?
A)No; in fact,the average IQ of people with schizophrenia may be slightly lower than average.
B)Yes; in fact,the average IQ of people with schizophrenia is approximately 15% higher than average.
C)Yes,because people who are that smart are likely to develop schizophrenia simply because they know too much.
D)No,because schizophrenia is associated with very low IQs.

Accepted Answer

The average IQ of people with schizophrenia is actually slightly lower than average, so it is unlikely that schizophrenia is the cause of genius. It is possible that the cases of individuals with both schizophrenia and exceptional intellectual abilities are simply coincidental.

Question 16

_____ is characterized by periods of intense depression as well as periods with elevated mood and energy levels.
A)Major depression
B)Unipolar depression
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Generalized anxiety disorder

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of intense depression (similar to major depression) as well as periods with elevated mood and energy levels (known as manic or hypomanic episodes). Unipolar depression (B) only involves depressive episodes without any manic or hypomanic symptoms. Generalized anxiety disorder (D) is a different condition characterized by excessive and persistent worry or tension.

Question 17

Destruction of one's home or community is MOST likely to result in which of the following?
A)PTSD
B)a phobia
C)a panic disorder
D)an obsession

Accepted Answer

Destruction of one's home or community is a traumatic experience that can lead to the development of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). Symptoms of PTSD may include flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviors, and hyperarousal. While other conditions (such as phobias, panic disorders, and obsessions) may also develop in response to trauma, PTSD is the most likely outcome in this scenario.

Question 18

The latest version of the classification system used by psychologists is _______.
A)DSM II
B)DSM III
C)DSM-IV-TR
D)DSM IV-R

Accepted Answer

The DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision) is the latest version of the classification system used by psychologists. It was published in 2000 and includes a comprehensive list of mental disorders and their diagnostic criteria. The DSM-IV-TR is widely used by mental health professionals for diagnosis and treatment planning. The other options (DSM II, DSM III, DSM IV-R) are previous versions of the DSM and are not the latest versions.

Question 19

If anxiety leads to the onset of so many different disorders,how can it be a beneficial,adaptive process?
A)It cannot be an adaptive process.
B)The physiological response underlying anxiety prepares us to fight or flee.
C)Anxiety is a good way to gain sympathy.
D)The anxiety response evolved to help attract mates.

Accepted Answer

The physiological response underlying anxiety, such as increased heart rate and sweating, prepares us to fight or flee in response to perceived threats. This response can be beneficial in situations where we need to quickly respond to a potentially dangerous situation. However, when anxiety becomes chronic and interferes with daily life, it can lead to the onset of different disorders.

Question 20

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis states that:
A)biological factors are solely responsible for schizophreniA
B)social factors are solely responsible for schizophreniA
C)irregular biological and environmental factors interact during early development and are responsible for schizophreniA
D)prenatal exposure to the influenza virus definitely causes schizophreniA

Accepted Answer

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis suggests that both irregular biological and environmental factors interact during early development and are responsible for the development of schizophrenia. It does not attribute causation to only biological or social factors, nor does it definitively state that prenatal exposure to the influenza virus causes schizophrenia (although there is some evidence to support this).

Quiz 13: Psychological Disorders

Which of the following statements is most accurate concerning the biochemical basis of schizophrenia?

First-time callers to suicide prevention lines benefit most from:

The idea that anxiety disorders can be self-perpetuating means that:

A patient who is nonresponsive and remains still in odd postures may be diagnosed with which subtype of schizophrenia?

DSM-IV-TR was designed to provide a complete list of _______.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between schizophrenia and violence?

A person with schizophrenia who experiences delusions that she is royalty is experiencing a(n) _____ symptom.

DSM-IV-TR is most helpful because:

DSM-IV-TR classifies people along five axes and _____ disorders.

Axis 4 of the DSM-IV-TR attempts to rate the individual's level of __________.

The DSM-IV-TR contains __________ axes.

Evidence for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis includes the fact that young children who eventually develop schizophrenia:

An individual showing poor integration of thinking and emotion visits a psychiatrist claiming that all of her neighbors are watching her.Into which category of schizophrenia might the psychiatrist classify the individual?

Depression is associated with lower activity in the frontal lobe,which may result in:

There have been several famous cases of people with superior intellectual abilities as well as schizophrenia.Does this mean that schizophrenia is the cause or the result of genius?

_____ is characterized by periods of intense depression as well as periods with elevated mood and energy levels.

Destruction of one's home or community is MOST likely to result in which of the following?

The latest version of the classification system used by psychologists is _______.

If anxiety leads to the onset of so many different disorders,how can it be a beneficial,adaptive process?

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis states that: