Question 1

Which of the following is true regarding the role of taste and texture in eating habits?
A)Which foods we eat are determined much more by their nutritional value than their tastes and textures.
B)Taste and texture influence our enjoyment of food,but not our overall eating habits.
C)Paradoxically,we eat smaller portions of foods whose taste and textures we prefer.
D)Taste and texture play a large role in determining which foods we eat and in what amounts.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that taste and texture play a significant role in our eating habits. We are more likely to eat foods that we find appealing in taste and texture, and we are also more likely to eat larger portions of these foods. On the other hand, foods with unappealing taste or texture are often avoided, and we may eat smaller portions of them or skip them altogether. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer.

Question 2

In a study discussed in your textbook,participants had nutrients delivered directly into their stomachs via a feeding tube.Compared to control subjects who believed they were being tube-fed but were not,tube-fed participants
A)consumed more food.
B)consumed less food.
C)consumed the same amount of food.
D)consumed less nutritious food but more junk food.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study discussed in your textbook,participants...

Question 3

The two areas of the hypothalamus which appear to be related to eating behavior as a result of controlling the level of glucose in the body are called _________________ and _________________.
A)ventromedial hypothalamus; lateral hypothalamus
B)lateral hypothalamus; basal hypothalamus
C)basal hypothalamus; ventrolateral hypothalamus
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial hypothalamus and lateral hypothalamus are the two areas of the hypothalamus that are related to eating behavior as a result of controlling the level of glucose in the body. Lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus result in overeating and weight gain, while lesions of the lateral hypothalamus result in decreased food intake and weight loss.

Question 4

Phyllis feels hungry even after she has eaten large meals and has been gaining weight.A doctor diagnoses her with a neurological disorder that affects a specific structure in the brain.Which of the following is most likely to be the affected brain region?
A)thalamus
B)basal ganglia
C)hypothalamus
D)locus coeruleus

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a region in the brain that plays a key role in regulating hunger and satiety, as well as a number of other important physiological functions such as body temperature, thirst, and hormone regulation. A disruption in hypothalamic function can lead to abnormalities in appetite regulation, which could manifest as feelings of hunger despite large meals and result in weight gain.

Question 5

One factor in hunger seems to be the increase in __________,which causes blood sugar levels to eventually drop several hours after we eat.
A)cholesterol
B)lipoproteins
C)insulin
D)glucose

Accepted Answer

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. After we eat, insulin is released to help move glucose (a type of sugar) from the bloodstream into cells to be used for energy. However, if too much insulin is released or if insulin is resistant, this can cause a drop in blood sugar levels several hours after eating, which can lead to feelings of hunger. Cholesterol and lipoproteins do not directly affect blood sugar levels, and glucose is the substance that insulin helps regulate.

Question 6

When specialized cells detect __________ levels of ____________,they trigger an increase in hunger.
A)high; insulin
B)high; glucose
C)low; insulin
D)low; glucose

Accepted Answer

When blood glucose levels drop below a certain amount, specialized cells in the body detect the low levels and trigger hunger. This is because the body needs to replenish its glucose stores to maintain normal bodily functions. Insulin levels do not directly affect hunger; in fact, high insulin levels can suppress hunger.

Question 7

Which two hormones are released by the digestive system,and are involved in the regulation of hunger?
A)CCK and ghrelin
B)oxytocin and vasopressin
C)oxytocin and CCK
D)ghrelin and vasopressin

Accepted Answer

CCK (cholecystokinin) and ghrelin are the two hormones released by the digestive system that are involved in the regulation of hunger. CCK is released in response to the presence of food in the small intestine, and signals satiety or fullness to the brain. Ghrelin is secreted by the stomach, and plays a role in stimulating hunger and food intake.

Question 8

Nila's younger brother does not like the meatloaf their mother made for dinner.When Nila is not looking,her brother secretly scoops some of his meatloaf onto her plate so that,although Nila is eating meatloaf,the amount on her plate remains about the same.Which of the following is most likely to happen?
A)Nila will eat her normal amount and then stop when she feels full.
B)Nila will eat less than she normally would.
C)Nila will eat more than she normally would.
D)Nila will develop a dislike for meatloaf.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nila's younger brother does not like the...

Question 9

The lateral hypothalamus may be involved in
A)stoppage of eating.
B)the onset of eating.
C)processing low fats.
D)food allergies.

Accepted Answer

The lateral hypothalamus is known to be involved in the onset of eating, as lesions to this area can cause anorexia (loss of appetite) and weight loss. It is not specifically involved in stoppage of eating, processing low fats, or food allergies.

Question 10

Research suggests that the best way to cope with a food craving might be to
A)give in and eat the food your craving.
B)try to ignore the craving.
C)imagine the sight and smell of the food.
D)condition yourself to associate food with pain.

Accepted Answer

Imagining the sight and smell of the food can activate the same pleasure centers in the brain that are activated when actually consuming the food. This can help satisfy the craving without actually consuming the food and potentially overeating. Giving in to the craving (A) can lead to overeating and unhealthy habits, while trying to ignore the craving (B) may only increase the desire for the food. Conditioning oneself to associate food with pain (D) is not a healthy or effective coping mechanism.

Question 11

In one study discussed in your textbook,healthy individuals volunteered to receive all the nutrients their bodies needed through tube feeding.What do the results of this study suggest?
A)People primarily eat to replenish nutrients.
B)The stomach has specialized receptors to detect nutrients.
C)People continue to eat,even when their nutritional needs have been met.
D)Nutritious food elevates hunger faster than non-nutritious food.

Accepted Answer

The study suggests that people continue to eat, even when their nutritional needs have been met, as the participants in the study received all of their nutrients through tube feeding yet still reported feelings of hunger and desire to eat.

Question 12

Omar catches his roommate "walking" his fingers across his forehead while following them with his eyes.When Omar asks him what he is doing,he explains that it is a strategy that he read about in a psychology article.What is Omar's roommate likely trying to do?
A)reduce a hunger craving
B)hypnotize himself
C)reduce his anxiety
D)reduce an unwanted sexual urge

Accepted Answer

The answer of Omar catches his roommate "walking" his fingers...

Question 13

Research using brain imaging technology indicates that tasting foods high in fat directly stimulates ____________ areas of the brain.
A)disgust
B)pleasure
C)risk-taking
D)attentional

Accepted Answer

Research using brain imaging technology indicates that tasting foods high in fat directly stimulates pleasure areas of the brain.

Question 14

Which of the following would NOT be considered a psychological factor that motivates eating?
A)social setting
B)low blood sugar
C)flavor and texture
D)portion size

Accepted Answer

Low blood sugar is a physiological factor that motivates eating, not a psychological factor. Psychological factors involve emotions, beliefs, and attitudes towards food and eating. A low blood sugar level triggers a physical response in the body that signals hunger.

Question 15

Glucostats are
A)cells that can detect glucose levels.
B)drugs that block the absorption of glucose.
C)hormones that help cells store glucose for future use.
D)a category of sugars used by the brain and body for energy.

Accepted Answer

Glucostats are cells that can detect glucose levels, typically found in the pancreas and liver. They help to regulate blood sugar levels by releasing insulin or glucagon as needed.

Question 16

What do sugar and addictive drugs have in common?
A)They create states of euphoria in high doses.
B)They stimulate activity in the hypothalamus.
C)They inhibit self-control by inhibiting the cingulate gyrus.
D)They stimulate dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.

Accepted Answer

Both sugar and addictive drugs stimulate the release of dopamine in the brain's reward center, the nucleus accumbens. This creates feelings of pleasure and reinforces the behavior of seeking out the substance again in the future.

Question 17

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)may be involved in
A)increasing hunger.
B)stopping the eating response.
C)processing low fats.
D)food allergies.

Accepted Answer

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is involved in stopping the eating response. Lesions or damage to the VMH can lead to overeating and obesity. It does not play a role in increasing hunger, processing low fats, or food allergies.

Question 18

In experiments where bowls of soup were secretly filled through a tube so that the soup never ran out,which of the following happened?
A)Participants felt full at the same time as control participants,but continued to eat anyway.
B)Participants ate significantly more than control participants,but did not feel more satiated.
C)Participants felt full at the same time as control participants and stopped eating.
D)Participants ate significantly less than control participants,but felt equally satiated.

Accepted Answer

Participants in the experiment where bowls were secretly refilled ate significantly more soup than control participants, indicating that visual cues (seeing the amount of soup decrease) play a significant role in the feeling of satiety and the decision to stop eating. Despite consuming more, they did not report feeling more satiated than the control group, suggesting that the amount of food consumed is not the sole determinant of feeling full.

Question 19

Most people have a preference for foods with a high fat content (e.g.,red meat,cheese,cream).From an evolutionary perspective,what does this suggest?
A)Modern humans should eat a diet rich in high fat food.
B)All animals prefer a diet high fat diet.
C)At some point in our evolutionary history,seeking out high fat foods was adaptive.
D)Early humans were mostly vegetarians.

Accepted Answer

Seeking out high fat foods was adaptive because in the past, when food was scarce and unpredictable, high fat foods provided a reliable source of energy for survival. This preference may still persist in modern humans even though food is readily available. However, this does not mean that a diet exclusively high in fat is the best choice for modern humans.

Question 20

Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas.What role does it play in the body?
A)Insulin converts fat stores into energy the body can use.
B)Insulin stimulates stomach contractions and appetite.
C)Insulin detects blood sugar levels.
D)Insulin helps cells store circulating glucose for future use.

Accepted Answer

Insulin helps cells store circulating glucose for future use. It binds to receptors on the surface of cells, allowing glucose to enter the cells and be converted into energy or stored as glycogen or fat. Insulin also inhibits the breakdown of stored glucose, further promoting glucose storage.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion

Which of the following is true regarding the role of taste and texture in eating habits?

In a study discussed in your textbook,participants had nutrients delivered directly into their stomachs via a feeding tube.Compared to control subjects who believed they were being tube-fed but were not,tube-fed participants

The two areas of the hypothalamus which appear to be related to eating behavior as a result of controlling the level of glucose in the body are called _ and _.

Phyllis feels hungry even after she has eaten large meals and has been gaining weight.A doctor diagnoses her with a neurological disorder that affects a specific structure in the brain.Which of the following is most likely to be the affected brain region?

One factor in hunger seems to be the increase in __________,which causes blood sugar levels to eventually drop several hours after we eat.

When specialized cells detect levels of __,they trigger an increase in hunger.

Which two hormones are released by the digestive system,and are involved in the regulation of hunger?

The lateral hypothalamus may be involved in

Research suggests that the best way to cope with a food craving might be to

In one study discussed in your textbook,healthy individuals volunteered to receive all the nutrients their bodies needed through tube feeding.What do the results of this study suggest?

Omar catches his roommate "walking" his fingers across his forehead while following them with his eyes.When Omar asks him what he is doing,he explains that it is a strategy that he read about in a psychology article.What is Omar's roommate likely trying to do?

Research using brain imaging technology indicates that tasting foods high in fat directly stimulates ____________ areas of the brain.

Which of the following would NOT be considered a psychological factor that motivates eating?

Glucostats are

What do sugar and addictive drugs have in common?

The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) may be involved in

In experiments where bowls of soup were secretly filled through a tube so that the soup never ran out,which of the following happened?

Most people have a preference for foods with a high fat content (e.g.,red meat,cheese,cream) .From an evolutionary perspective,what does this suggest?

Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas.What role does it play in the body?