Question 1

To help identify objects with our sense of touch,we move the object in our hands and actively explore it.This is known as ___________.
A)gustation
B)haptics
C)kinesthesis
D)nociception

Accepted Answer

Haptics refers to the sense of touch and the exploration of objects through touch. Gustation refers to the sense of taste, kinesthesis refers to the sense of body awareness and movement, and nociception refers to the perception of pain.

Question 2

According to the gate-control theory of pain,which of the following would be an effective way to decrease the pain of banging your elbow?
A)jumping up and down
B)rubbing the area around it
C)screaming very loudly
D)thinking happy thoughts

Accepted Answer

Rubbing the area around the banged elbow can stimulate non-painful sensory pathways and activate the gate-control mechanism, inhibiting the painful signal from reaching the brain. This can result in reducing the pain. Jumping up and down, screaming loudly, and thinking happy thoughts do not activate the gate-control mechanism and may not be effective in reducing pain.

Question 3

Bumps on the tongue called __________ contain numerous __________ .
A)mechanoreceptors; taste buds
B)papillae; taste buds
C)taste buds; mechanoreceptors
D)taste buds; papillae

Accepted Answer

The bumps on the tongue are called papillae and they contain numerous taste buds. Mechanoreceptors are responsible for detecting pressure and touch, not taste.

Question 4

The gate-control theory of pain suggests that:
A)the pain signals must pass through a kind of "gate" located in the spinal cord.
B)the skin receptors act as a gate for the pain sensation.
C)the cortex blocks pain unless released by substance P.
D)the gate is a physical structure that blocks pain signals.

Accepted Answer

The gate-control theory of pain suggests that there is a "gate" located in the spinal cord that regulates the transmission of pain signals. This gate can be opened or closed by various factors such as physical or emotional stimuli, which can either allow or block the pain signals from reaching the brain. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the gate-control theory of pain.

Question 5

A leading theory of phantom limb pain holds that this experience is due to:
A)expectations of pain.
B)leftover nerve endings in the missing body part.
C)the rewiring of the brain after the loss of input from the lost limb.
D)the release of inflammatory substances that cause pain.

Accepted Answer

The rewiring of the brain after the loss of input from the lost limb is the leading theory for phantom limb pain. This means that the neural pathways in the brain that previously received input from the limb have been altered, leading to sensations and pain in the missing limb. This rewiring may occur due to changes in the cortical map of the body or alterations in the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain. Expectations of pain and the release of inflammatory substances may contribute to the experience of phantom limb pain, but they are not the primary underlying cause. Leftover nerve endings in the missing body part are unlikely to be the cause of phantom limb pain, as the nerves typically undergo degeneration after amputation.

Question 6

A hearing specialist is discussing the possibility of using cochlear implants with a patient who has profound sensorineural hearing loss.What should the doctor keep in mind while he discusses the procedure with the patient?
A)Cochlear implants are more effective for treating conduction hearing loss.
B)Cochlear implants rarely improve hearing loss.
C)Cochlear implants must be implanted in infancy in order to be effective.
D)Many deaf people do not view deafness as a disability that needs to be "cured."

Accepted Answer

Cochlear implants are specifically designed for sensorineural hearing loss, not conduction hearing loss, and they can significantly improve hearing in individuals with profound sensorineural hearing loss. They can be implanted at various ages, not just in infancy. However, it's important to recognize that within the Deaf community, there is a perspective that deafness is not a condition that necessarily requires a "cure," and this viewpoint values deafness as part of cultural and personal identity.

Question 7

The skin covering which part of the body would have the LOWEST acuity?
A)lips
B)palms
C)fingertips
D)lower back

Accepted Answer

The skin covering the lower back would have the lowest acuity as it has fewer touch receptors compared to the skin covering the lips, palms and fingertips.

Question 8

We are sensitive to _________ basic tastes.
A)three
B)five
C)seven
D)countless

Accepted Answer

The commonly accepted theory is that there are five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. Other possible tastes such as coolness, spiciness, and fat are still being debated among scientists. Therefore, the best choice is B, which indicates five basic tastes.

Question 9

Karen has suffered from phantom limb pain for several years.She visits a neurologist who proposes trying a therapeutic treatment that has been proven to be effective.Karen is surprised that this simple treatment uses:
A)a bucket of ice and a bucket of warm water.
B)a mirror.
C)mental visualization and guided meditation.
D)acupuncture needles.

Accepted Answer

Mirror therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing phantom limb pain. This involves placing a mirror next to the intact limb and moving both limbs in a symmetrical way, giving the illusion of movement in the missing limb. This can help the brain rewire and reduce the sensation of pain in the phantom limb.

Question 10

Without ________________,we could cut our arm with a knife and feel nothing more than the slight pressure of the blade.
A)gustation
B)haptics
C)kinesthesis
D)nociception

Accepted Answer

Nociception refers to the perception of pain or discomfort. It is the mechanism by which the body senses and responds to potentially harmful stimuli, such as cuts, burns, or pressure. Without nociception, we would not be able to sense or respond to these types of stimuli, making us more vulnerable to injury and harm. Gustation refers to the sense of taste, haptics refers to the sense of touch, and kinesthesis refers to the perception of the body's position and movement.

Question 11

The name given to the sense of our body position is _____________.
A)gustation
B)the kinesthetic sense
C)somatosensory sense
D)the vestibular sense

Accepted Answer

The kinesthetic sense, also known as proprioception, is the sense that detects the position, motion, and equilibrium of the body.

Question 12

Sarah is a pianist who reports that she sees musical tones as colors.This is one example of ____________.
A)binocular cues
B)the Ganzfield technique
C)the Ponzo illusion
D)synesthesia

Accepted Answer

Synesthesia is a neurological condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic and involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. In this case, Sarah's experience of seeing musical tones as colors is an example of synesthesia.

Question 13

According to your textbook,which of the following is true regarding cochlear implants?
A)They can greatly improve language comprehension and expression in young children.
B)Adults do not benefit from cochlear implants.
C)They are most effective for the treatment of conduction hearing loss.
D)Most people with cochlear implants report an immediate and pleasurable increase in their ability to hear.

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, cochlear implants can greatly improve language comprehension and expression in young children. This is because children's brains are still developing and are more able to adapt to the new signals from the implant. While adults may also benefit from cochlear implants, the results may not be as dramatic as in children. Cochlear implants are not effective for treating conduction hearing loss, as they bypass the middle ear and stimulate the auditory nerve directly. Finally, while many people do report a significant increase in their ability to hear with a cochlear implant, it may take time to adjust to the new sounds and the experience may not be immediately pleasurable for everyone.

Question 14

According to the ________________ theory,the perception of pitch is related to the frequency at which the basilar membrane vibrates.
A)frequency
B)opponent process
C)place
D)volley

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the ________________ theory,the perception of...

Question 15

The _______________ theory states that how we perceive pitch is based on the location along the basilar membrane that sound stimulates.
A)frequency
B)opponent process
C)place
D)volley

Accepted Answer

The place theory suggests that the perception of pitch is based on the specific location on the basilar membrane that is stimulated by sound. This theory states that different frequencies of sound waves activate different areas of the basilar membrane, resulting in different pitched sounds being perceived.

Question 16

Jayendra takes his young daughter to a hearing specialist who recommends cochlear implants for her hearing impairment.What type of hearing loss does his daughter have?
A)collicular hearing loss
B)conduction hearing loss
C)place hearing loss
D)sensorineural hearing loss

Accepted Answer

Cochlear implants are recommended for sensorineural hearing loss, which occurs when there is damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

Question 17

Human perception of high-pitched tones is best explained by ___________ theory.
A)frequency
B)opponent process
C)place
D)volley

Accepted Answer

The place theory states that the perception of high-pitched tones is based on which part of the cochlea is stimulated by sound waves. High-pitched sounds vibrate the basilar membrane near the base of the cochlea, while low-pitched sounds vibrate the membrane at the apex.

Question 18

Ursula is an army veteran who had to have her leg amputated after an explosive device detonated near her.Surprisingly,she still awakens in the middle of the night and feels her missing leg itching,twitching,or even hurting.Ursula is experiencing _________________ sensations.
A)amputation syndrome
B)gate-control
C)phantom limb
D)post-traumatic stress disorder

Accepted Answer

Ursula is experiencing phantom limb sensations, which is a phenomenon where amputees feel sensations or pain in the missing limb. This occurs due to the brain's neural connections still sending signals to the missing limb, causing the sensation to be perceived by the individual. Amputation syndrome is not a recognized medical condition. Gate-control theory refers to how the spinal cord processes pain signals. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health condition that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. While Ursula may also experience PTSD, it is not the explanation for her phantom limb sensations.

Question 19

A researcher uses a device to press two closely-spaced pins onto various places on participants' bodies.Each time,the research asks the participant to say whether they feel two distinct points or only one.The researcher is testing the _____________ of the skin on the different body parts.
A)gate threshold
B)flexibility
C)acuity
D)nociception

Accepted Answer

The researcher is testing the acuity of the skin, which refers to the ability of the skin to distinguish between two closely-spaced points. The gate threshold refers to the point at which pain signals are allowed to pass through to the brain, flexibility refers to the range of motion of the joints, and nociception refers to the ability to sense and process painful stimuli.

Question 20

The head can block some of the sound reaching one ear,which makes the sound more intense in one ear than the other.The brain can use this phenomenon-known as a sound shadow-to determine which of the following?
A)the frequency of the sound
B)the location of the sound's source
C)the loudness of the sound
D)what the sound is

Accepted Answer

The sound shadow helps the brain determine the location of the sound's source.

Quiz 4: Sensation and Perception

To help identify objects with our sense of touch,we move the object in our hands and actively explore it.This is known as ___________.

According to the gate-control theory of pain,which of the following would be an effective way to decrease the pain of banging your elbow?

Bumps on the tongue called contain numerous .

The gate-control theory of pain suggests that:

A leading theory of phantom limb pain holds that this experience is due to:

A hearing specialist is discussing the possibility of using cochlear implants with a patient who has profound sensorineural hearing loss.What should the doctor keep in mind while he discusses the procedure with the patient?

The skin covering which part of the body would have the LOWEST acuity?

We are sensitive to _________ basic tastes.

Karen has suffered from phantom limb pain for several years.She visits a neurologist who proposes trying a therapeutic treatment that has been proven to be effective.Karen is surprised that this simple treatment uses:

Without ________________,we could cut our arm with a knife and feel nothing more than the slight pressure of the blade.

The name given to the sense of our body position is _____________.

Sarah is a pianist who reports that she sees musical tones as colors.This is one example of ____________.

According to your textbook,which of the following is true regarding cochlear implants?

According to the ________________ theory,the perception of pitch is related to the frequency at which the basilar membrane vibrates.

The _______________ theory states that how we perceive pitch is based on the location along the basilar membrane that sound stimulates.

Jayendra takes his young daughter to a hearing specialist who recommends cochlear implants for her hearing impairment.What type of hearing loss does his daughter have?

Human perception of high-pitched tones is best explained by ___________ theory.

Ursula is an army veteran who had to have her leg amputated after an explosive device detonated near her.Surprisingly,she still awakens in the middle of the night and feels her missing leg itching,twitching,or even hurting.Ursula is experiencing _________________ sensations.

A researcher uses a device to press two closely-spaced pins onto various places on participants' bodies.Each time,the research asks the participant to say whether they feel two distinct points or only one.The researcher is testing the _____________ of the skin on the different body parts.

The head can block some of the sound reaching one ear,which makes the sound more intense in one ear than the other.The brain can use this phenomenon-known as a sound shadow-to determine which of the following?