Question 1

Searching for changes in behavior patterns prior to and after a crime is a form of invigilation.

Accepted Answer

Searching for changes in behavior patterns prior to and after a crime is a form of surveillance or invigilation to gather evidence and identify suspects.

Question 2

Predication is required before civil charges can be filed.

Accepted Answer

Civil charges typically involve disputes between individuals or entities over rights, responsibilities, and obligations, and do not require a prediction of future events or behaviors, unlike certain aspects of criminal law which might involve predictive assessments for things like bail or parole.

Question 3

An oral statement in court as to what the witness heard from another coworker is called testimony evidence.

Accepted Answer

Testimony evidence is an oral statement given in court by a witness about a matter they have knowledge of. In this case, the witness heard something from a coworker and is now testifying to that fact in court.

Question 4

An anonymous tip can be a form of predication.

Accepted Answer

An anonymous tip can provide information that leads to a prediction or suspicion of possible criminal activity, making it a form of predication.

Question 5

Pressure is a form of motive.

Accepted Answer

Pressure can be considered a form of motive as it can provide an incentive or drive to take action or make decisions. When under pressure, individuals may be motivated to perform well, meet expectations, or avoid negative consequences.

Question 6

Circumstantial evidence usually has no impact on convictions.

Accepted Answer

Circumstantial evidence can be used to secure convictions in many cases. While direct evidence (such as eyewitness testimony) can be more powerful, circumstantial evidence can still be convincing if it strongly suggests guilt. In fact, many criminal cases rely heavily on circumstantial evidence, such as fingerprints or DNA evidence, to build a case against a defendant.

Question 7

Using a copy of an electronic file is not allowed in court.

Accepted Answer

Using a copy of an electronic file is allowed in court, as long as it meets certain criteria such as being properly authenticated and meeting the rules of evidence.

Question 8

A written affidavit given by a witness is classified as testimony.

Accepted Answer

A written affidavit given by a witness is a type of testimony that can be used as evidence in court.

Question 9

Direct evidence consists of a supervisor's opinion as to the plaintiff's mental state at the time of the crime.

Accepted Answer

Direct evidence refers to evidence that directly proves a fact, such as eyewitness testimony or video footage, not opinions about someone's mental state.

Question 10

Depositions are often a product of an interview.

Accepted Answer

Depositions are often taken during an interview-like setting in which a witness answers questions under oath.

Question 11

Checks retrieved from the defendant's home are considered real evidence.

Accepted Answer

Checks retrieved from the defendant's home are physical evidence that can be presented in court, making them real evidence.

Question 12

Evidence is defined as all that is admitted to the court.

Accepted Answer

Evidence refers to all the material, whether oral or written, which is legally presented to the court in order to prove or disprove a fact. Not all material may be admitted as evidence by the court.

Question 13

Evidence must be authentic in order to be admitted.

Accepted Answer

Evidence must be authentic, meaning it is what it purports to be and has not been tampered with or altered in any way, in order to be admissible in court.

Question 14

Interviewing and interrogation are synonyms.

Accepted Answer

While both interviewing and interrogation involve questioning and obtaining information from a person, they differ in their approach and purpose. Interviewing is typically more cooperative and seeks to obtain information in a non-threatening manner, while interrogation is more confrontational and aims to obtain a confession or specific information.

Question 15

Predication requires hard evidence before it is said to exist.

Accepted Answer

Prediction often involves forecasting or estimating future events based on patterns, trends, or insights, and does not necessarily require hard evidence for its formulation.

Question 16

Failure to obtain a promotion is a form of rationalization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Failure to obtain a promotion is a...

Question 17

Obtaining documents dating prior to a suspected fraud is a form of invigilation.

Accepted Answer

Invigilation typically refers to the process of watching people take exams to prevent cheating, not the process of obtaining documents for fraud investigation.

Question 18

Reviewing cash receipts before, during, and after an individual's employment is a form of invigilation.

Accepted Answer

Reviewing cash receipts is a way to monitor and prevent fraud, and can take place before, during, and after an individual's employment. This is a form of invigilation, which involves monitoring or overseeing activities to ensure they are being carried out properly.

Question 19

The Fraud Triangle consists of: motive, opportunity, and rationalization.

Accepted Answer

The Fraud Triangle is a widely-used framework for understanding the three key elements that must be present for fraud to occur: motive (the incentive or pressure to commit fraud), opportunity (the ability to commit fraud without detection or punishment), and rationalization (an acceptable justification or excuse for the fraudulent behavior).

Question 20

If changes are made to a document by the fraud investigator, the evidence is said to be circumstantial.

Accepted Answer

If changes are made to a document by the fraud investigator, it is no longer considered direct evidence and may be seen as altered, manipulated or biased. Therefore, it cannot be considered as circumstantial evidence either.

Quiz 8: Detection and Investigations