Question 1

Which of the following does not act as a Lewis acid? A)Na₂O B)NO C)NO₂ D)SO₃ E)CO₂

Accepted Answer

NaSb12O is a compound that consists of anionic clusters of Sb12O12 and sodium cations. It does not have any vacant orbital to accept electrons, and hence cannot act as a Lewis acid. The other compounds listed have elements that can act as electron acceptors and can therefore act as Lewis acids.

Question 2

Write the formula of the hydride ion.

Accepted Answer

H<sup>- </sup>

Question 3

The electron affinities of elements are always positive.

Accepted Answer

Electron affinities can be either positive or negative depending on the element. A positive electron affinity means that the element will gain an electron with release of energy while a negative electron affinity means that the element will require energy input to gain an electron.

Question 4

All of the oxides of the following elements are amphoteric except
A)P
B)Ga
C)As
D)Sb

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus (P) primarily forms acidic oxides, not amphoteric oxides, unlike gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb), which can form oxides that exhibit amphoteric behavior.

Question 5

Which of the following exists mainly as cations in compounds?
A)P
B)Ga
C)As
D)Si
E)Sr

Accepted Answer

Sr is a metal and tends to lose electrons, becoming a cation in compounds. P, Ga, As, and Si are all nonmetals and tend to gain electrons or share electrons to form covalent bonds.

Question 6

Which of the following does not form a saline hydride?
A)Lithium
B)Barium
C)Calcium
D)Magnesium
E)Beryllium

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following does not form...

Question 7

Which of the following has the largest atomic radius?
A)In
B)Ga
C)Ge
D)Al

Accepted Answer

The atomic radius increases down a group on the periodic table, and In is located below Ga, Ge, and Al in group 13. Therefore, In has the largest atomic radius out of the options given.

Question 8

The valence electrons of elements in the lower left of the periodic table experience the greatest effective nuclear charge.

Accepted Answer

Elements in the lower left of the periodic table have a higher atomic number and therefore more electrons and shells. The valence electrons in these elements are shielded by the inner electrons and experience a weaker effective nuclear charge. The elements in the upper right of the periodic table have the highest effective nuclear charge, meaning that their valence electrons experience a stronger attraction to the nucleus.

Question 9

When metallic hydrides are heated,they
A)decompose explosively to yield metal oxides.
B)liberate oxygen and hydrogen.
C)liberate hydrogen.
D)produce hydrogen ions.
E)do not change because they are extremely stable.

Accepted Answer

When metallic hydrides are heated, they undergo thermal decomposition to liberate hydrogen gas. This is due to the fact that the bond between the metal and hydrogen in the hydride is weakened by heat, causing the hydrogen to break away and form gas. Therefore, choice C, "liberate hydrogen," is the correct answer.

Question 10

Circle the species that has the largest radius: Ca²⁺,S^2-,S,Cl.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Circle the species that has the largest...

Question 11

Which of the following is a basic oxide? A)CaO(s) B)CO₂(g) C)SO₂(g) D)CO(g) E)SiO₂(s)

Accepted Answer

A basic oxide is an oxide that reacts with water to form a basic solution. CaO is a basic oxide because it reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide, which is a strong base.

Question 12

Which of the following pairs of elements both have acidic oxides?
A)Ca and As
B)Mg and Al
C)B and Li
D)In and Sn
E)P and Se

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus (P) and Selenium (Se) both form acidic oxides. Phosphorus oxide (P4O10) and selenium dioxide (SeO2) are examples of acidic oxides, reacting with water to form phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and selenous acid (H2SeO3), respectively.

Question 13

Aluminum oxide dissolves in aqueous base.What are the products of this reaction? A)Al(OH₂)₆³⁺(aq)and H₂(g) B)Al₂O₃(s)and H₂(g) C)Al(OH₂)₆³⁺(aq)and O₂(g) D)Al(OH)_{4-(aq)and H₂(g)
E)Al(OH)_{4-(aq)and O₂(g)}}

Accepted Answer

When aluminum oxide dissolves in an aqueous base, it forms the aluminate ion, Al(OH)₄^-, and hydrogen gas, H₂(g).

Question 14

Al₂O₃(s)dissolves in aqueous acid to produce A)Al(OH₂)₆³⁺(aq). B)Al(OH)₄^-(aq)and O₂(g). C)Al(OH)₄^-(aq). D)Al(OH₂)₆³⁺(aq)and H₂(g). E)Al(OH)₄^-(aq)and H₂(g).

Accepted Answer

The given compound contains aluminum sulfate, which can be written as Al2(SO4)3. In aqueous acid, the sulfate ion (SO4 2-) will react with H+ to form H2SO4, while the aluminum ion (Al3+) will react with water to form Al(OH)3, which then reacts with excess acid to form Al(OH)2+ and H2O. Therefore, the overall reaction can be written as:
Al2(SO4)3(s) + 6H+(aq) → 2Al(OH)2+(aq) + 3H2SO4(aq)
Simplifying the products gives the answer A, Al(OH)12+ and H2SO4.

Question 15

Write an equation for the second ionization energy of magnesium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write an equation for the second ionization...

Question 16

Which of the following pairs of elements have similar polarizability?
A)Be and Al
B)Li and Na
C)B and Al
D)Be and Mg
E)Mg and B

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following pairs of elements...

Question 17

Trends in electron affinity are similar to those for ionization energy.

Accepted Answer

Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electron. Just like ionization energy, electron affinity also follows similar trends across the periodic table. For example, electron affinity generally increases going from left to right across a period due to the increased nuclear charge, while decreasing going down a group due to the increasing atomic radius.

Question 18

Which of the following has the smallest polarizability? A)Ca²⁺ B)S²⁺ C)Cl D)S

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following has the smallest...

Question 19

Which of the following is an acidic oxide? A)CaO(s) B)MgO(s) C)Bi₂O₃(s) D)Na₂O(s) E)SiO₂(s)

Accepted Answer

An acidic oxide is an oxide that reacts with water to form an acid. SiO2, or silicon dioxide, is an example of an acidic oxide. Therefore, choice E (SiO2) is the best answer. The other choices are not acidic oxides; they are either basic oxides or do not react with water to form an acid.

Question 20

Which of the following compounds is predicted to have bonds with the most covalent character? A)MgF₂ B)LiF C)CsI D)MgI₂ E)BaBr₂

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following compounds is predicted...

Quiz 16: The Elements: the Main Group Elements

Which of the following does not act as a Lewis acid?

Write the formula of the hydride ion.

The electron affinities of elements are always positive.

All of the oxides of the following elements are amphoteric except

Which of the following exists mainly as cations in compounds?

Which of the following does not form a saline hydride?

Which of the following has the largest atomic radius?

The valence electrons of elements in the lower left of the periodic table experience the greatest effective nuclear charge.

When metallic hydrides are heated,they

Circle the species that has the largest radius: Ca²⁺,S^2-,S,Cl.

Which of the following is a basic oxide?

Which of the following pairs of elements both have acidic oxides?

Aluminum oxide dissolves in aqueous base.What are the products of this reaction?

Al₂O₃(s) dissolves in aqueous acid to produce

Write an equation for the second ionization energy of magnesium.

Which of the following pairs of elements have similar polarizability?

Trends in electron affinity are similar to those for ionization energy.

Which of the following has the smallest polarizability?

Which of the following is an acidic oxide?

Which of the following compounds is predicted to have bonds with the most covalent character?

Quiz 16: The Elements: the Main Group Elements

Which of the following does not act as a Lewis acid?

Write the formula of the hydride ion.

The electron affinities of elements are always positive.

All of the oxides of the following elements are amphoteric except

Which of the following exists mainly as cations in compounds?

Which of the following does not form a saline hydride?

Which of the following has the largest atomic radius?

The valence electrons of elements in the lower left of the periodic table experience the greatest effective nuclear charge.

When metallic hydrides are heated,they

Circle the species that has the largest radius: Ca2+,S2-,S,Cl.

Which of the following is a basic oxide?

Which of the following pairs of elements both have acidic oxides?

Aluminum oxide dissolves in aqueous base.What are the products of this reaction?

Al2O3(s) dissolves in aqueous acid to produce

Write an equation for the second ionization energy of magnesium.

Which of the following pairs of elements have similar polarizability?

Trends in electron affinity are similar to those for ionization energy.

Which of the following has the smallest polarizability?

Which of the following is an acidic oxide?

Which of the following compounds is predicted to have bonds with the most covalent character?

Circle the species that has the largest radius: Ca²⁺,S^2-,S,Cl.

Al₂O₃(s) dissolves in aqueous acid to produce