Question 1

As a result to the research with the Connecticut Interracial Commission, ______ were born.

Accepted Answer

According to the context of the sentence, the research with the Connecticut Interracial Commission resulted in the creation of groups. The T-Group (Training Group) is a type of group that focuses on interpersonal communication and group dynamics. Therefore, it is the most appropriate option. The other options do not fit the context of the sentence.

Question 2

Herzberg's research suspected that ______ was not the opposite of ______ .

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's research found that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction were not opposite ends of the same spectrum, but rather two separate factors. He labeled factors that contributed to job satisfaction as motivators (such as meaningful work and opportunities for growth) and factors that contributed to job dissatisfaction as hygiene factors (such as salary and working conditions). Therefore, option B correctly identifies job satisfaction as one of the factors, but with job dissatisfaction as its opposite, which is not the case according to Herzberg's research.

Question 3

Lewin referred to ______ as a model to capture the idea that the research projects at their core always had both pragmatic and theoretical components, and that rigorous scientific methods could be used to gather data about groups and to intervene in their processes.

Accepted Answer

Lewin's description fits the concept of action research, which emphasizes the use of scientific methods to study and intervene in real-world settings. The other options, such as laboratory training, survey feedback, and management practices, do not fully capture the pragmatic and theoretical components of Lewin's approach.

Question 4

Which of the following was identified as a notable research program within management practices?

Accepted Answer

All of the options mentioned - MacGregor's Theory X and Y, Blake and Mouton's managerial grid, and Herzberg's studies of worker motivation - are notable research programs within management practices.

Question 5

Which of the following of Likert's four systems of management relates to managers involving groups in setting and measuring goals, information flows in all directions, and decisions making is done throughout the organization?

Accepted Answer

System 4, according to Likert, is the Participative Group System where management involves groups in setting and measuring goals, allows for information to flow in all directions, and facilitates decision-making throughout the organization. This system is characterized by high levels of participation and collaboration.

Question 6

Which of the following theories is a more optimistic view of people and work?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following theories is a...

Question 7

What is referred to now as a commonly used form of scale for measurement?

Accepted Answer

The Likert Scale is a commonly used form of scale for measurement, used in surveys and research, to quantify opinions or attitudes. It involves presenting a statement and then asking participants to rate their level of agreement or disagreement with the statement, typically on a 5-point or 7-point scale. Other options listed (Rensis Scale, Survey Scale, Research Scale) are not commonly used or recognized scales for measurement.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a hygiene factor, which can cause job dissatisfaction?

Accepted Answer

Recognition for achievement is a motivator factor that can contribute to job satisfaction, not a hygiene factor that can lead to job dissatisfaction. The other options, supervision, physical working conditions, and job security, are all important hygiene factors that can impact job satisfaction if they are not met.

Question 9

Which of the following phrases did Lewin invent?

Accepted Answer

Kurt Lewin coined the phrase "group dynamics" to describe the study of how people interact in group settings.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a key motivator that contributes to job enrichment?

Accepted Answer

Company policies and administrative practices are not considered key motivators for job enrichment as they are more related to the overall organizational structure and may not directly impact an individual's job responsibilities or tasks. The other options listed (achievement, responsibility, advancement/growth/learning) are all commonly cited as important motivators for job enrichment.

Question 11

Which researcher's work was an effort to understand and create personal and social change, with the objective of building and growing democracy in society?

Accepted Answer

Kurt Lewin's work focused on understanding and creating personal and social change in order to build and grow democracy in society. He believed in using research to identify the root causes of social issues and then developing interventions to effectively address them. This approach to social change is known as action research, and it remains an important model for community-based problem-solving and democratic participation.

Question 12

Which of the following was not an objective of the research project at Detroit Edison?

Accepted Answer

The objective of insinuating factors related to change is not mentioned in the passage.

Question 13

In STS, which two systems are focused heavily on?

Accepted Answer

STS stands for Science, Technology, and Society, emphasizing the interplay between social and technological systems.

Question 14

Which of the following of Likert's four systems of management relates to managers using rewards occasionally, but also punishment, information flow is mostly downward, and most decisions are made at the highest levels?

Accepted Answer

System 3, also known as the exploitative authoritative system, is characterized by managers who use rewards and punishments, with most decisions being made at the highest levels and information flowing mostly downward.

Question 15

Which of the following was not reported by the employees in the experimental accounting departments at Detroit Edison?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D because it does not mention a specific aspect that was reported by employees in the experimental accounting departments at Detroit Edison, focusing instead on a general management practice that may not have been part of the experimental evaluation.

Question 16

What is considered as one of the earliest fads in the field of management occurred as a result of ______ .

Accepted Answer

T-groups, also known as "training groups," were one of the earliest fads in the field of management. These were small groups aimed at improving interpersonal skills and communication among employees. They gained popularity in the 1950s and 1960s, but were eventually criticized for being overly simplistic and not addressing larger organizational issues.

Question 17

There was common objective of each T-group, regardless of the process the groups followed

Accepted Answer

The common objective of each T-group was to create interpersonal change. This involved allowing individuals to learn about their own and others' behavior so that this education could be translated into more effective behavior when the participants returned home. The other answer choices are not accurate representations of T-group objectives.

Question 18

The National Training Laboratory (NTL) in Group Development was founded by Kenneth Benne, Leland Bradford, and Ronald Lippitt, who were inspired by which scholar?

Accepted Answer

The National Training Laboratory (NTL) in Group Development was founded by Kenneth Benne, Leland Bradford, and Ronald Lippitt, who were inspired by Kurt Lewin, a social psychologist known for his work in group dynamics and organizational change.

Question 19

The Managerial Grid mapped scores related to concern for production and concern for people; the scores ranged from ______ to ______.

Accepted Answer

The Managerial Grid, developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, maps concern for production and concern for people on scales that range from 1 to 9.

Question 20

Two criteria, addressing questions of larger significance and making the results known to other researchers and practitioners, formed the core of the action research process. One initial project that met this criteria was at ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two criteria, addressing questions of larger significance...

Quiz 2: History of Organization Development