Question 1

Which is a long-term complication of cleft lip and palate?

Accepted Answer

The older child with cleft lip and palate may experience psychological difficulties because of the cosmetic appearance of the defect,problems with impaired speech,and faulty dentition.

Question 2

What is the most common clinical manifestation of coarctation of the aorta?

Accepted Answer

Coarctation of the aorta results in hypertension in the upper extremities.The pressure in the arms is typically 20 mm Hg higher than in the legs.

Question 3

When interacting with the parents of a SIDS infant,the nurse should attempt to assist the parents with:

Accepted Answer

As parents try to cope,they have feelings of guilt and blame.

Question 4

Following surgical repair of a cleft palate,what should be used to prevent injury to the suture line?

Accepted Answer

When feeding a child with a repaired cleft palate,the nurse should avoid utensils,straws,droppers,and syringes.

Question 5

What is the priority patient problem for the parents of a newborn born with cleft lip and palate?

Accepted Answer

Parents of a child with cleft lip and palate may have difficulty bonding with their child due to the appearance of the child.The priority patient problem is risk for impaired attachment.A goal is to promote bonding between parents and infant.

Question 6

A 2-year-old child with laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)is fussy and restless in the oxygen tent.The oxygen level in the tent is 25%,and blood gases are normal.What would be the correct action by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

The child with LTB should be placed in the mist tent with 30% oxygen.Restlessness is caused by poor oxygenation.The child should not be taken out of the oxygenated tent.While the mother could be asked to help comfort the child,and the health care provider may be notified,the priority is to set the oxygen at the correct level.

Question 7

What is the main characteristic of cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

The pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis includes excessive,thick mucus.

Question 8

The nurse educates the family of a newly admitted child with cystic fibrosis that the treatment will be centered on what therapy?

Accepted Answer

Chest physiotherapy and aerosol medications are the center of treatment for cystic fibrosis.

Question 9

Which laboratory results should the nurse anticipate to be abnormal in a child with hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

Expected laboratory findings for a child with hemophilia include a prolonged partial thromboplastin time.The prothrombin time,bleeding time,and platelet count are typically normal.

Question 10

The mother of a child with acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)asks why her child must be kept NPO.Which responses would be the most correct?

Accepted Answer

Rapid respirations predispose to aspiration.The child is kept hydrated with IV fluids,but this is not the reason that the child must be kept NPO.

Question 11

What should the therapeutic management of iron deficiency anemia include?

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic management of iron deficiency anemia is iron (ferrous sulfate)supplementation,nutritional counseling,and treatment of any underlying condition.

Question 12

What could suddenly occur in a child with acute epiglottitis?

Accepted Answer

In acute epiglottitis,the infected epiglottis becomes inflamed and causes total airway obstruction.Immediate treatment of acute epiglottitis includes an artificial airway.

Question 13

Parents of a 6-month-old child,who has just been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia,ask why it was not diagnosed earlier.What would be the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia becomes apparent at about 6 months of age in a full-term infant,when maternal stores of iron are depleted.

Question 14

The nurse uses a diagram to show that the tetralogy of Fallot involves a combination of four congenital defects.What are the defects?

Accepted Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot involves a combination of four congenital defects: pulmonary stenosis,ventricular septal defect,overriding aorta,and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Question 15

What is the best time to administer pancreatic enzyme replacement?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic enzymes are administered before meals and snacks to digest carbohydrates,fats,and proteins.

Question 16

When conducting a class for parents about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS),the nurse instructs the class that the infant should be placed in which position to sleep?

Accepted Answer

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends placing the infant on its back,or supine,to sleep.

Question 17

What most influences the severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?

Accepted Answer

RDS is caused by a deficiency of surfactant and it occurs almost exclusively in preterm,low-birth weight infants.

Question 18

The parents of a child who has been diagnosed with sickle cell anemia ask why their child experiences pain.What is the most likely cause of the pain?

Accepted Answer

The signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia include the sickle-shaped cells clumping and obstructing blood flow,which causes severe tissue hypoxia and necrosis leading to pain.

Question 19

The parents of a child recently diagnosed with sickle cell anemia ask what can be done to avoid a sickle cell crisis.What should be included in the medical management of sickle cell crisis?

Accepted Answer

Medical management of sickle cell crisis includes palliative analgesics,hydration,and oxygen.

Question 20

The parents of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia ask about the best approach for maintaining remission of the disease.What would be the most effective therapy?

Accepted Answer

The treatment of choice is methotrexate,a chemotherapeutic agent,to produce remission.

Quiz 32: Care of the Child With a Physical and Mental or Cognitive Disorder