Question 1

The major function of mitochondria is to

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because their main function is to generate ATP through cellular respiration. ATP is the primary source of energy for cellular processes.

Question 2

Microfilaments,intermediate filaments and microtubules are all components of a cell's

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules are all structural components of a cell's cytoskeleton, which provides the cell with shape, support, and the ability to move.

Question 3

Which of the following transport process uses vesicles formed at the plasma membrane to take up extracellular substances and import them into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis is the transport process where vesicles are formed at the plasma membrane to take up extracellular substances and import them into the cell. Exocytosis is the opposite process, where vesicles are formed within the cell and released outside the cell. Facilitated diffusion involves the movement of substances across the plasma membrane with the help of transport proteins. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 4

A sperm cell is the only type of human cell that contains a _____,which is a whip-like structure that helps propel the sperm towards an oocyte.

Accepted Answer

A flagellum is a whip-like structure that helps propel the sperm towards an oocyte.

Question 5

Which of the following protects the contents of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

The nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, is a double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus and protects its contents. The nuclear membrane controls the trafficking of molecules in and out of the nucleus, helping to maintain the integrity of the genome within.

Question 6

Briefly state the functions of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly state the functions of the rough...

Question 7

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles can engulf a worn-out organelle,digest its chemical components,and recycle those digested components?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes that can break down and recycle cellular waste, such as worn-out organelles. They are capable of engulfing and breaking down various cellular components through a process called autophagy. The other organelles listed do not have this capability.

Question 8

What is the major function of histones?

Accepted Answer

The major function of histones is to help organize and package the coiling and folding of DNA to fit inside the nucleus of a cell. Histones are protein molecules that act as spools around which DNA winds, forming structures called nucleosomes.

Question 9

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles is the site of synthesis of membrane proteins and secretory proteins?

Accepted Answer

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes and is responsible for the synthesis of membrane proteins and secretory proteins that will be transported to other parts of the cell or to be secreted outside of the cell. The ribosomes on the RER translate the mRNA into protein, which is then modified, folded and processed inside the RER before moving onto the Golgi complex.

Question 10

Specialized structures within a cell that have a characteristic shape and perform specific functions in cellular growth,maintenance and reproduction are called

Accepted Answer

Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that have distinctive shapes and perform specific functions in cellular growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Examples of organelles include mitochondria, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 11

Briefly explain the difference between transcription and translation.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Which portion of a DNA segment does not code for a protein?

Accepted Answer

Introns are non-coding regions of DNA that are transcribed into pre-mRNA, but are later removed during RNA processing and do not contribute to the final protein product. RNA, exons, polyribosomes, and ribosomes are all involved in protein synthesis.

Question 13

During phagocytosis,binding of a particle to a plasma membrane receptor triggers formation of _____,which are extensions of the plasma membrane of the phagocyte that eventually surround the particle forming a phagosome.

Accepted Answer

Pseudopods are the extensions of the plasma membrane that surround the particle during phagocytosis.

Question 14

Briefly describe how proteins move through the Golgi complex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe how proteins move through the...

Question 15

Briefly describe alternative splicing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe alternative splicing....

Question 16

Which cellular organelle is comprised of a pair of centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material.

Accepted Answer

The centrosome is comprised of a pair of centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material, which is involved in the organization of microtubules that make up the cytoskeleton. Cilia and flagella are structures that protrude from cells and are involved in movement, and are not specifically part of the centrosome. Peroxisomes are small organelles involved in various metabolic processes, but are not related to the centrosome.

Question 17

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles contains several oxidases that are involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in detoxification of chemicals like alcohol in the liver?

Accepted Answer

The organelle that fits this description is the peroxisome, which contains several oxidases that are involved in the oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in detoxification of chemicals like alcohol in the liver. Mitochondria also participate in the oxidation of fatty acids, but they do not play a role in detoxification of chemicals. Proteasomes are responsible for degrading proteins, ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins, and lysosomes contain enzymes that break down cellular waste.

Question 18

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles modifies,sorts,and packages proteins destined for other regions of the cell?

Accepted Answer

The Golgi complex is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport to their final destination within the cell or for secretion outside of the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis and folding, but not specifically for modification, sorting, and packaging. Peroxisomes are involved in cellular metabolism and detoxification. The nucleus contains genetic material and controls gene expression. The proteasome is an organelle responsible for protein degradation.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

The cytosol is the intracellular fluid that is located within the cell membrane and does not include the extracellular fluid, which is found outside of the cell. Therefore, option B is the characteristic that does not apply to the cytosol.

Question 20

List the steps involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the steps involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis....

Quiz 3: The Cellular Level of Organization