Question 1

How are noble gases related to the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Noble gases,except helium,illustrate the stability of elements with a full outer shell (an octet).These elements are unreactive because their valence shell is filled.Helium is also grouped with these elements because it is unreactive due to its filled 1s shell.

Question 2

Main group elements that are non-metals usually ________ one or more electrons to form ________,which have a ________ charge.
A)lose;anions;negative
B)lose;cations;negative
C)lose;cations;positive
D)gain;cations;positive
E)gain;anions;negative

Accepted Answer

Non-metals tend to gain electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration, forming anions (negatively charged ions).

Question 3

Briefly explain how the octet rule determines the charge,both sign and magnitude,of an ion.

Accepted Answer

The octet rule states that main group elements will do chemistry in order to have eight electrons in their outer shell.If an atom has one or two electrons past an octet,it will lose the appropriate number to have a full outer shell,resulting in a positively charged ion.If an atom is one or two electrons away from having an octet,it will gain the appropriate number,resulting in a negatively charged ion.

Question 4

Which of the following elements is most likely to form an ion with a +2 charge?
A)Mg
B)Si
C)S
D)K
E)Br

Accepted Answer

Magnesium (Mg) is a metal that typically loses two electrons to form a +2 ion, making it the most likely candidate among the given elements. Silicon (Si) and sulfur (S) are nonmetals, and they typically form negative ions, while potassium (K) is a metal that typically loses one electron to form a +1 ion. Bromine (Br) is a halogen that typically gains one electron to form a -1 ion.

Question 5

When an atom donates an electron,that electron
A)is lost for all time.
B)is acquired by another atom which becomes an anion.
C)is acquired by another atom which becomes a cation.
D)neutralizes a proton to form a neutron.
E)pairs with another electron to form a covalent bond.

Accepted Answer

When an atom donates an electron, it is typically acquired by another atom. This receiving atom gains a negative charge and becomes an anion.

Question 6

The charge on a sulfide ion is
A)3+.
B)2+.
C)0.
D)2-.
E)3-.

Accepted Answer

Sulfur has 6 valence electrons and it gains two more electrons to complete its octet, so the charge on the sulfide ion is 2-.

Question 7

Main group elements that are metals usually ________ one or more electrons to form ________,which have a ________ charge.
A)lose;anions;negative
B)lose;cations;negative
C)lose;cations;positive
D)gain;cations;positive
E)gain;anions;negative

Accepted Answer

Main group elements that are metals usually lose one or more electrons to form cations, which have a positive charge.

Question 8

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns²np⁴? A)2- B)1- C)2+ D)4+ E)6+

Accepted Answer

An element with a valence electron configuration of ns²np⁴ has six valence electrons and needs two more electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration, so it is most likely to gain two electrons and form a 2- ion.

Question 9

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns²np¹? A)3- B)1- C)1+ D)3+ E)5+

Accepted Answer

This electron configuration suggests the element is in group 13 of the periodic table, which typically forms a 3+ ion by losing three electrons to achieve a stable configuration.

Question 10

A positively charged particle formed by loss of one or more electrons from an atom is called a(an)
A)anion.
B)cation.
C)isotope.
D)nucleus.
E)proton.

Accepted Answer

A positively charged particle formed by loss of one or more electrons from an atom is called a cation.

Question 11

One characteristic of a cation is that
A)it has more protons than electrons.
B)it has equal numbers of protons and electrons.
C)it has more electrons than protons.
D)the number of neutrons is related to the number of electrons.
E)the relationship between protons and electrons varies with the cation in question.

Accepted Answer

A cation is an ion that has lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive charge. Since electrons are negatively charged, the loss of one or more of them would leave the cation with fewer negative charges and a greater number of positive charges (protons). Therefore, a cation has more protons than electrons.

Question 12

Which element will form an ion with the greatest positive charge?
A)Al
B)Na
C)Mg
D)Sr
E)P

Accepted Answer

Aluminum (Al) can form a +3 ion, which is the greatest positive charge among the options listed.

Question 13

An atom with three valence electrons will most likely ________ to attain an octet of valence electrons.
A)lose three electrons
B)gain three electrons
C)gain five electrons
D)gain one electron
E)lose one electron

Accepted Answer

An atom with three valence electrons will most likely lose three electrons to attain an octet of valence electrons. This is because by losing three electrons, it will have an electron configuration similar to the nearest noble gas, achieving stability.

Question 14

Which of the following ions does not have the same electron configuration as the noble gas neon? A)O^-2 B)F^- C)Al⁺³ D)S^-2 E)Mg⁺²

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following ions does not...

Question 15

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns¹? A)7- B)1- C)0 D)1+ E)7+

Accepted Answer

The valence electron configuration of the element indicates that it has one valence electron in the 5s orbital, one in the 5p orbital, and one in the 6p orbital. It is most likely to lose the 6p electron first, followed by the 5s and 5p electrons to achieve a stable octet electron configuration. Therefore, it is most likely to form a cation with a charge of 1+.

Question 16

A small negatively charged particle formed when an atom gains one or more electrons is called a(an)
A)anion.
B)cation.
C)isotope.
D)nucleus.
E)proton.

Accepted Answer

An anion is a small negatively charged particle that is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons. This results in an excess of negatively charged electrons, giving the particle a negative charge overall. A cation, on the other hand, is a small positively charged particle that results when an atom loses one or more electrons. Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in their number of neutrons. Nucleus refers to the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 17

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns²np⁵? A)5- B)1- C)1+ D)2+ E)5+

Accepted Answer

An element with a valence electron configuration of ns²np⁵ is one electron short of a full p subshell, so it is most likely to gain one electron to achieve a stable noble gas configuration, resulting in a 1- charge.

Question 18

In order to form an octet,an atom of selenium will
A)lose 6 electrons.
B)gain 6 electrons.
C)lose 2 electrons.
D)gain 2 electrons.
E)gain 3 electrons

Accepted Answer

Selenium (Se) is in group 16 of the periodic table, meaning it has 6 valence electrons. To achieve an octet, it needs 2 more electrons, hence it will gain 2 electrons.

Question 19

Predict the charge that would be found on a carbide ion and on a nitride ion.Explain why these ions are seldom found in compounds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Predict the charge that would be found...

Question 20

What is the valence shell electron configuration of the ion formed from an atom of the halogen family? A)ns² B)ns²np² C)ns²np⁴ D)ns²np⁶ E)ns²np⁸

Accepted Answer

Halogens gain one electron to achieve a full valence shell, resulting in the electron configuration ns² np⁶, similar to the noble gases.

Quiz 3: Ionic Compounds

How are noble gases related to the octet rule?

Main group elements that are non-metals usually one or more electrons to form ,which have a charge.

Briefly explain how the octet rule determines the charge,both sign and magnitude,of an ion.

Which of the following elements is most likely to form an ion with a +2 charge?

When an atom donates an electron,that electron

The charge on a sulfide ion is

Main group elements that are metals usually one or more electrons to form ,which have a charge.

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns²np⁴?

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns²np¹?

A positively charged particle formed by loss of one or more electrons from an atom is called a(an)

One characteristic of a cation is that

Which element will form an ion with the greatest positive charge?

An atom with three valence electrons will most likely ________ to attain an octet of valence electrons.

Which of the following ions does not have the same electron configuration as the noble gas neon?

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns¹?

A small negatively charged particle formed when an atom gains one or more electrons is called a(an)

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns²np⁵?

In order to form an octet,an atom of selenium will

Predict the charge that would be found on a carbide ion and on a nitride ion.Explain why these ions are seldom found in compounds.

What is the valence shell electron configuration of the ion formed from an atom of the halogen family?

Quiz 3: Ionic Compounds

How are noble gases related to the octet rule?

Main group elements that are non-metals usually ________ one or more electrons to form ________,which have a ________ charge.

Briefly explain how the octet rule determines the charge,both sign and magnitude,of an ion.

Which of the following elements is most likely to form an ion with a +2 charge?

When an atom donates an electron,that electron

The charge on a sulfide ion is

Main group elements that are metals usually ________ one or more electrons to form ________,which have a ________ charge.

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns2np4?

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns2np1?

A positively charged particle formed by loss of one or more electrons from an atom is called a(an)

One characteristic of a cation is that

Which element will form an ion with the greatest positive charge?

An atom with three valence electrons will most likely ________ to attain an octet of valence electrons.

Which of the following ions does not have the same electron configuration as the noble gas neon?

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns1?

A small negatively charged particle formed when an atom gains one or more electrons is called a(an)

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns2np5?

In order to form an octet,an atom of selenium will

Predict the charge that would be found on a carbide ion and on a nitride ion.Explain why these ions are seldom found in compounds.

What is the valence shell electron configuration of the ion formed from an atom of the halogen family?

Main group elements that are non-metals usually one or more electrons to form ,which have a charge.

Main group elements that are metals usually one or more electrons to form ,which have a charge.

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns²np⁴?

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns²np¹?

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns¹?

What is the most likely charge on an ion formed by an element with a valence electron configuration of ns²np⁵?