Question 1

Bob is a 34-year-old male who weighs 150 pounds and is a long distance cycler.He is engaged in vigorous activity.Based on the MyPlate Calorie Guidelines,Bob needs approximately _______ kilocalories per day.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

Which of the following is true about basal metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolism accounts for about 60% to 70% of the total calories used by a sedentary person each day, as it includes the energy required to maintain basic physiological functions like heartbeat and respiration.

Question 3

Thermogenesis refers to all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Thermogenesis is related to generating heat within the body, and is not directly associated with the energy required during sleep. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it is the odd one out compared to the other options, which are all related to thermogenesis.

Question 4

Which of the following is not true in terms of contributing to energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Fidgeting does not account for 40% of total energy expenditure. It may contribute to a small amount of energy expenditure, but it is not a significant contributor. Basal metabolism, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food are the three main factors that contribute to energy expenditure.

Question 5

Bill consumes 2,500 kilocalories per day.What would be his energy expenditure,in kilocalories,from the thermic effect of food?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bill consumes 2,500 kilocalories per day.What would...

Question 6

The thermic effect of food

Accepted Answer

The thermic effect of food represents the calories needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food, also known as the energy cost of food processing.

Question 7

Bill expends 2,500 kilocalories per day.What would be his energy expenditure,in kilocalories,from basal metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolism typically accounts for about 60-70% of total daily energy expenditure. For Bill, 60-70% of 2,500 kilocalories is approximately 1,500 to 1,750 kilocalories.

Question 8

Joe is getting his energy expenditure measured by direct calorimetry.The 1 liter of water surrounding the chamber has an initial reading of 15 degrees Celsius.The final reading is 2,015 degrees Celsius.How many kilocalories did he expend?

Accepted Answer

To calculate the energy expenditure of Joe by direct calorimetry, we need to use the formula:

Energy expenditure (calories) = heat produced by the body (calories) / weight of water (kg) x temperature difference (°C)

We know that the weight of water is 1 kg, the initial temperature is 15°C, and the final temperature is 2,015°C. Thus:

Energy expenditure = heat produced / 1 kg x (2,015°C - 15°C)

Energy expenditure = heat produced / 2,000

To find the heat produced, we need to convert the temperature difference into Joules by multiplying by 4,184 (the specific heat capacity of water):

Heat produced = 1 kg x (2,015°C - 15°C) x 4,184 J/°C

Heat produced = 80,000 kJ

Finally, we can convert from Joules to kilocalories by dividing by 4.184:

Energy expenditure = 80,000 kJ / 4.184 = 19,106 kcal

Therefore, the answer is C) 2,000 kcal (rounded to the nearest hundred).

Question 9

Carol eats 800 kilocalories a day to lose weight.She is 40 years old.Carol has been walking briskly 60 minutes daily for the past 2 months.When she was younger,she lifted weights,but she has lost considerable lean body mass over the years due to inactivity.Recently,Carol was diagnosed with hypothyroidism which lowers metabolism.Which of the following factors increases Carol's energy output and promotes weight loss?

Accepted Answer

Carol's walking routine increases her energy output, which promotes weight loss. Walking for 60 minutes daily burns additional calories and contributes to a negative energy balance, which is essential for weight loss. Her 800-kilocalorie diet provides fewer calories than her body needs, contributing to a calorie deficit, but it does not increase her energy output. Her age and loss of lean body mass decrease her basal metabolic rate, making weight loss more difficult, and do not increase her energy output.

Question 10

The expenditure of energy to produce heat in response to a cold environment and as a result of overfeeding is called

Accepted Answer

The expenditure of energy to produce heat in response to a cold environment and as a result of overfeeding is called adaptive thermogenesis. This is the body's way of regulating energy balance and maintaining a stable body temperature. The thermic effect of cold and heat metabolism are not the correct terms to describe this phenomenon, and thermic metabolism is not a commonly recognized term in the field of metabolism.

Question 11

The method for determining energy expenditure in which the amount of oxygen a person uses is measured is called

Accepted Answer

Indirect calorimetry is the method for determining energy expenditure in which the amount of oxygen a person uses is measured. Direct calorimetry involves direct measurement of heat released by the body, thermocalorimetry refers to the use of a calorimeter to measure changes in heat or temperature, and bomb calorimetry is a laboratory technique for determining the calorific value of a food by combusting it in a bomb calorimeter.

Question 12

The name for the minimum energy expended to keep a resting,awake body alive is ______.This represents about 60% to 70% of total energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

The term described in the question is basal metabolism, also known as basal metabolic rate (BMR). BMR represents the energy required for basic life-sustaining functions like breathing, blood circulation, and maintenance of body temperature. It accounts for 60-70% of the total energy expenditure. ATP is a molecule that provides energy for cellular processes. Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in the body, and the thermic effect of food refers to the energy required for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Question 13

The calorie cost of the thermic effect of food is ______ of energy consumed.

Accepted Answer

The thermic effect of food is the energy cost associated with the body's processing of food. It typically accounts for 5% to 10% of the energy consumed through eating. Therefore, the best choice is option B.

Question 14

Which of the following does not contribute to total energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

The energy content of food is not a component of energy expenditure, but rather the energy input. The other options - basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and adaptive thermogenesis - do contribute to total energy expenditure.

Question 15

The energy expended to digest,absorb,and further process nutrients in food is called the ______ of food.This equals approximately 5% to 10% of energy intake.

Accepted Answer

The energy expended in digesting, absorbing, and further processing nutrients in food is known as the thermic effect of food. This effect usually accounts for approximately 5% to 10% of energy intake, which means that if you consume 2000 calories in a day, 100 to 200 calories will be used in the digestion and processing of food.

Question 16

Physical activity

Accepted Answer

Physical activity includes all movements that increase energy expenditure, including daily activities like fidgeting, which can contribute significantly to overall energy expenditure.

Question 17

Which of the following does not increase basal metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A low calorie intake can actually decrease basal metabolism as the body tries to conserve energy. An increase in body temperature and an increase in lean body mass both increase basal metabolism, while caffeine use has been shown to slightly increase it as well.

Question 18

The method for determining energy expenditure that involves the measurement of heat given off by the body during a select period of time in an insulated chamber is

Accepted Answer

This method is known as direct calorimetry, as it directly measures the heat given off by the body. Indirect calorimetry, on the other hand, measures energy expenditure through measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Thermocalorimetry and bomb calorimetry are not commonly used methods for assessing energy expenditure in the human body.

Question 19

______ increases energy expenditure above basal energy needs by about 25% to 40%.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ increases energy expenditure above basal energy...

Question 20

Basal metabolism is the energy expended

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolism refers to the energy expended by the body when resting, but awake and in a fasting state. This energy is used to support basic metabolic functions such as breathing, circulation, and maintenance of body temperature. It is typically measured in the early morning, after an overnight fast and without any physical activity.

Quiz 7: Energy Balance and Weight Control