Question 1

Dialysis is a procedure in which a machine takes over the function of the

Accepted Answer

Dialysis is a medical procedure that involves the use of a machine to filter and purify the blood when the kidneys are unable to function properly. Therefore, the correct answer is E for kidney.

Question 2

A diuretic is a substance that

Accepted Answer

A diuretic is a substance that increases the volume of urine by promoting the excretion of excess water and electrolytes from the body. This helps to decrease the volume of water in the body and can be useful in treating conditions such as hypertension, edema, and congestive heart failure.

Question 3

The functional unit of a kidney is a

Accepted Answer

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. It is responsible for removing waste products from the blood and regulating electrolyte balance. The glomerulus, collecting duct, and other structures are part of the nephron, but they do not function independently as the nephron does. A neuron is not part of the kidney's structure or function. "Nexus" is not a term in renal physiology.

Question 4

If,during a dissection,you were asked to place a pin in the part of the kidney containing the collecting duct,you would pin the

Accepted Answer

The collecting duct is located in the renal medulla, so the pin should be placed in the E) renal medulla.

Question 5

You are working with a patient who has been poisoned.You note elevated blood pressure,and tissue biopsies of the patient's liver show extra sodium channels in the kidney,so you suspect that the patient has been given

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood pressure and extra sodium channels in the kidney are both associated with aldosterone, a hormone that regulates sodium and potassium balance in the body. Aldosterone can cause an increase in blood pressure by promoting sodium retention in the kidney, leading to an increase in extracellular fluid volume. This suggests that the patient may have been poisoned with a substance that mimics the effects of aldosterone, or that directly stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal gland.

Question 6

A tuft of capillaries within the kidney that is used to collect blood that needs to be filtered is the

Accepted Answer

The tuft of capillaries within the kidney that is used to collect blood that needs to be filtered is the glomerulus. The other options listed are not directly related to this function.

Question 7

Alcohol reduces ADH secretion which in turn does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which normally helps the kidneys reabsorb water and decrease urine volume. With reduced ADH levels, the kidneys reabsorb less water, leading to increased urine volume due to decreased tubular permeability to water.

Question 8

The outer main section of the kidney is the

Accepted Answer

The renal cortex is the outer main section of the kidney, while the renal medulla is the inner section. The glomerulus and collecting duct are structures found within the kidney, but they do not refer to the outer main section. The term "renal periphery" is not commonly used in reference to the kidney.

Question 9

If a drug had been banned for damaging the kidney by causing poor drainage of the glomerulus,you would suspect that the drug caused damage to

Accepted Answer

The Bowman's capsule is a part of the renal corpuscle involved in filtering blood and starting the process of urine formation. Poor drainage of the glomerulus may indicate damage to the Bowman's capsule, resulting in impaired filtration of blood and ultimately leading to kidney damage.

Question 10

Dilation of blood vessels in extremities can help animals lose excess heat as part of thermoregulation.

Accepted Answer

When blood vessels in the extremities dilate, blood flow to these areas increases, allowing heat to be released from the body into the environment. This is one way that animals can cool down and maintain a stable body temperature.

Question 11

Countercurrent exchange is used for homeostasis both by some animals experiencing cold conditions and by kidneys in the nephron loop.

Accepted Answer

Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism used to maintain homeostasis in both animals experiencing cold conditions and by the kidneys in the nephron loop. In animals, countercurrent exchange helps to prevent heat loss by allowing warm blood to pass by cold blood and exchange heat. In the kidneys, countercurrent exchange allows for the reabsorption of water and salts from the filtrate, which helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.

Question 12

The hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that causes the reabsorption of more water by the kidney is

Accepted Answer

The hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that causes the reabsorption of more water by the kidney is antidiuretic hormone (ADH). FSH, LH, GH, and ACTH are not involved in water reabsorption by the kidney.

Question 13

One symptom of kidney failure can be the appearance of blood in the urine.This would indicate that which part of the kidney was damaged?

Accepted Answer

The glomerulus is the part of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products. If it is damaged, blood may leak into the urine, leading to the appearance of blood in the urine. The proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the collecting ducts are involved in the reabsorption and secretion of specific substances and electrolytes, and are not typically associated with the presence of blood in the urine. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and includes the glomerulus, the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and the collecting ducts.

Question 14

One reason for homeostasis in body temperature is that excessively high temperature can lead to protein denaturation and loss of protein function.

Accepted Answer

Excessively high temperatures can cause proteins to lose their shape and therefore their function, a process known as denaturation. This can have serious consequences for cellular processes and organismal health, which is why the body has evolved mechanisms to maintain a relatively constant internal temperature through homeostasis.

Question 15

Fresh water is much more dilute than the cells of a fish,so the animal constantly takes in water at its gills.How would a freshwater fish osmoregulate?

Accepted Answer

Freshwater fish osmoregulate by producing dilute urine to expel the excess water they constantly absorb through their gills and body surface. They also use active transport at the gills to take up salt from the dilute freshwater environment to maintain their internal salt balance.

Question 16

If you awoke and looked out your window and saw a gopher shaking,what might be true about the temperature outside?

Accepted Answer

Gophers do not normally shake or shiver except in cold temperatures when they are trying to generate heat to maintain their body temperature. Therefore, if a gopher is shaking, it is likely to be very cold outside.

Question 17

Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low sodium in the blood.This is a concern for marathon runners who drink too much water,and can cause life-threatening pressure on the brain.Why would this occur?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia can lead to osmotic imbalances that cause water to move into cells, including neurons, causing them to swell. This can lead to increased pressure on the brain, which can be life-threatening.

Question 18

The chemical composition of urine reflects the processes of

Accepted Answer

The chemical composition of urine reflects all of the processes of filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and concentration that occur in the kidneys during urine formation.

Question 19

A person with a defect in blood flow to the kidney would have a problem with the _______ artery.

Accepted Answer

The renal artery is the main blood vessel that delivers oxygenated blood to the kidneys. If there is a defect in blood flow to the kidney, it would likely be due to a problem with the renal artery. The other options listed (brachial, radial, hepatic, carotid) are not directly involved in blood flow to the kidneys.

Question 20

A penguin's feet are nearly as cold as ice,while the bird's core body temperature is much higher.Which of the following explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Countercurrent heat exchange is a mechanism by which heat is transferred from warm blood in arteries to cold blood in veins, thereby maintaining a temperature gradient where warm arterial blood transfers heat to adjacent veins through the thin walls of capillaries. This causes the blood in the veins to become warmer as it approaches the body's core, while the blood in the arteries becomes cooler as it approaches the extremities, such as the feet. This is an adaptation that helps penguins to conserve heat and maintain a higher core body temperature, while minimizing heat loss through the feet.

Quiz 33: Regulation of Temperature and Body Fluids