Question 1

A tubal ligation is a surgical procedure in which the uterine tubes are severed,and then tied.How would this cause sterility?

Accepted Answer

When the uterine tubes are severed and tied during a tubal ligation, it becomes difficult for the egg to travel from the ovary, through the tube and into the uterus. This prevents fertilization and hinders the chances of pregnancy, ultimately causing sterility. However, eggs continue to be produced by the ovaries and hormone levels remain unaffected.

Question 2

Sea urchins display external fertilization.

Accepted Answer

Sea urchins release their eggs and sperm into the open water where fertilization occurs externally.

Question 3

Thalidomide was given to pregnant women from 1957-1961 to help relieve the symptoms of morning sickness.Thalidomide binds to and inactivates the protein cereblon,which is important in limb formation.If a woman took thalidomide during the _____ period of her baby's development,it could result in stunted growth of its limbs.

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide affects limb formation during embryonic development, which occurs from week 3 to week 8 of pregnancy. Therefore, the correct period is the embryonic period (choice D). The other choices are incorrect: preembryonic (choice A) refers to the first week of development before implantation, prezygotic (choice C) refers to the period before fertilization, fetal (choice B) refers to the later stage of development after the embryonic period, and delivery (choice E) is obviously not a stage of development.

Question 4

If you were presented with a patient whose STD responded to drugs specifically directed against protists,you would diagnose

Accepted Answer

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a protist known as Trichomonas vaginalis. The microbe is susceptible to specific antibiotics that target protists, such as metronidazole and tinidazole. Therefore, if a patient responds well to these medications, it implies that they had Trichomoniasis.

Question 5

Suppose you are working with a group of poor families with insufficent diets,and asked to predict possible health problems,one of the first you might expect would be many birth defects due to insufficient vitamin intake.

Accepted Answer

Poor diets can lead to vitamin deficiencies, which in turn can increase the risk of birth defects such as neural tube defects or deficiencies in certain minerals like iron or iodine, leading to anemia or thyroid issues.

Question 6

If you were observing the early development of a chick embryo and saw patterns in terms of the placement of head and wings,you would assume that you were seeing the effects of

Accepted Answer

The placement of the head and wings in a chick embryo is determined by controlled gene expression. These patterns are established during early development through the activation or inhibition of specific genes, which dictate the placement and formation of various body structures. Temperature, lighting, and sex hormones may also influence development, but they do not play a direct role in specifying the placement of body structures like the head and wings.

Question 7

In observing an unusual new fish,you see the male come very close to the female and insert a specialized fin into a place where eggs emerge in other fish,leading you to guess that these fish have evolved internal fertilization.

Accepted Answer

The insertion of a specialized fin into a place where eggs emerge in other fish is a common behavior among fish with internal fertilization. This suggests that the observed fish have likely evolved internal fertilization as well.

Question 8

Human sperm swim to the egg.

Accepted Answer

This is true, human sperm have a tail that helps them swim towards the egg during fertilization.

Question 9

The second stage of prenatal development is the fetal stage.

Accepted Answer

The second stage of prenatal development is the embryonic stage, which follows the germinal stage and precedes the fetal stage.

Question 10

In fruit fly development expression of the bicoid gene on one end of the embryo is necessary for proper head positioning.

Accepted Answer

Bicoid is a maternal effect gene that provides positional information to the developing embryo. It is required for the proper establishment of anterior structures and is responsible for determining the anterior-posterior axis. The absence of bicoid results in a failure to form head structures and improper body axis formation.

Quiz 35: Animal Reproduction and Development