Question 1

A person who lives in a good-climate city says,"It's expensive to live here,but at least the climate is free." In terms of a theory advanced in the textbook,this person has either forgotten or is unaware that

Accepted Answer

The statement made by the person implies that the good climate is not a factor contributing to the high cost of living in their city. However, the theory advanced in the textbook suggests that good climate can indeed be a factor in higher costs of living in certain areas. Therefore, the person is either forgetting or unaware of this possibility.

Question 2

It often appears as if there are "too few" workers at the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV)to service all of its customers at a given point in time.Based on one of theories discussed in the textbook,this is probably because

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is based on the concept of supply and demand. When the equilibrium price to be served by the DMV is higher than the price charged to customers (which could be considered as the cost of waiting time, fees, etc.), it indicates that the demand for DMV services exceeds the supply at that price point. This results in longer wait times and the perception of there being "too few" workers to meet the demand.

Question 3

Which of the following is inconsistent with the burglary crime model presented in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is inconsistent with...

Question 4

A man moves from a large city to a small town.In the small town he seems like a very different person than the person he was in the big city.For instance,he is more polite in the small town than he was in the big city.This could be because

Accepted Answer

Option (B) is unlikely because the cost of being impolite is generally similar in both types of places. Option (A) is also doubtful because the man's behavior changed only after he moved to a smaller town, not because he realized the costs of being impolite were higher. Option (C) is an assumption and lacks evidence. The most likely explanation is that living in a smaller town has given the man a different perspective on life, and perhaps he is happier now. As a result, he is more polite and friendly because of his happy state of mind.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a prediction of the theory on baseball caps and cheating?

Accepted Answer

The theory on baseball caps and cheating does not make a prediction regarding the frequency of wearing baseball caps for tests versus lectures or for multiple choice versus essay tests. It only suggests that people are more likely to wear baseball caps when taking a test in close proximity to others, as a way to avoid being caught cheating.

Question 6

A theory predicts that all swans are white.A thousand people go out into the field and identify the color of the swans they see.Their results reveal that,of the 10,000 swans they saw,all were white.It follows that

Accepted Answer

The answer of A theory predicts that all swans are...

Question 7

The bigger the shortage of a good or service,the ____________ the seller of the good or service will be to an individual customer _________.(We are assuming here that the shortage cannot,for legal reasons,be alleviated through a rise in price.)

Accepted Answer

In a shortage, sellers may become ruder because they can sell their limited supply regardless of customer service, without sales being adversely affected.

Question 8

Explain what it means to say that a theory is falsifiable or refutable? Give a specific example to help support your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what it means to say that...

Question 9

The instructors at College A are regularly late for their office hours.Based on a theory presented in the textbook,we would predict that the gap between the ______________student tuition and ___________equilibrium tuition is ___________ at College A.

Accepted Answer

The theory presented in the textbook is the Law of Demand, which states that when the supply of a good or service is increased, the price (in this case, tuition) will decrease, leading to an increase in demand. In this scenario, the instructors' lateness is a decrease in the supply of the service (office hours), which would lead to a decrease in demand (number of students willing to pay for tuition at College A). This would cause the equilibrium tuition to be higher than the actual tuition, leading to a large gap between them. Therefore, the best choice is C, as it states that the gap between the lower student tuition and higher equilibrium tuition is large.

Question 10

Universities A and B are substitutes in the minds of many college students.Initially the student tuition at each university is the same and far below the equilibrium tuition.Then,the tuition at A is raised and B is not.As a result of a rising tuition at A,some students who would have applied and enrolled in A,apply to B instead.Based on the logic presented in one of the theories discussed in the textbook,we would expect that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Universities A and B are substitutes in...

Question 11

Theory B predicts that everything that happens,happens for a reason - although we may not know what the reason is.This theory

Accepted Answer

Theory B cannot be easily refuted since it acknowledges that there is a reason behind everything, even if we may not know what that reason is. This makes it a flexible and widely applicable theory. However, it may not necessarily be a good explanation for everything that happens, as some events may not have a clear reason or explanation. Additionally, this type of theory is not necessarily favored by all scientists, as some may prefer more concrete and testable explanations.

Question 12

Suppose you go to a high school and identify groups of students sitting at different lunch tables.To you it appears that everyone on the football team sits at one table,everyone who gets really high grades sits at another table,everyone who is in the drama club sits at another table,and so on.This outcome could be

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you go to a high school...

Question 13

Smith drives his car numerous places.Sometimes he drives his car around his residential neighborhood and sometimes he drives it on the highway.Occasionally,Smith gets peeved with the way other people drive and makes a rude gesture to them.Based on one of the theories discussed in the textbook,he is

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of diffusion of responsibility, people are less likely to help when there are a lot of other people around who could also help. On the highway, there are more cars and more people, which means there is more diffusion of responsibility, making Smith more likely to make a rude gesture to another driver. In his residential neighborhood, there are fewer cars and people, which means there is less diffusion of responsibility, making him less likely to make a rude gesture.

Question 14

Smith sends her children to a private school on the other side of town.Tuition per student per year is $15,000.Jones sends her children to a public school on her side of town.Tuition per student per year is $0.Most people seem to think that the private school and public school are equivalent when it comes to educating students.According to a theory discussed in the textbook,

Accepted Answer

The information given about the schools and the tuition paid does not provide any indication of the relative cost or value of the homes that Smith and Jones live in, so none of the choices provided can be determined to be true.

Question 15

A gift-giver's efficient number of gifts (to give to a gift-recipient)has fallen from 10 to 8.This could be because

Accepted Answer

If the efficient number of gifts decreased from 10 to 8, it suggests that either the gift-giver's marginal benefit of giving gifts decreased, the gift-giver's marginal cost of giving gifts increased, or both. Therefore, options A and B are likely explanations. Option C is not a plausible explanation as it does not really have a direct impact on the gift-giver's decision-making process. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as it includes options A and B.

Question 16

People sometimes act differently in different settings.An economist is likely to explain this by saying

Accepted Answer

Economists recognize that people respond to incentives, and the costs and benefits of a certain behavior may vary depending on the setting. For example, a person may act differently in a professional setting versus a social setting because the benefits and costs of certain behaviors are different in each setting.

Question 17

A theory predicts that the more a student studies,the higher his or her grades will be.This theory is

Accepted Answer

The theory is falsifiable because it makes a prediction that can be tested through observation and data collection. The hypothesis can be tested by comparing the amount of time a student studies with their grades. If there is a strong positive correlation, then the theory is supported. If there is not a significant correlation, then the theory is not supported. The fact that some students study less than others yet receive higher grades does not necessarily contradict this theory as there may be other variables at play such as natural ability or effective study strategies.

Question 18

The gap between the higher equilibrium tuition and lower student tuition is $4,000 at university A and $10,000 at university B.It follows that

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gap between the higher equilibrium tuition...

Question 19

Theory A predicts that the higher the opportunity cost of having a child,the fewer children a woman will have.Which of the following is evidence against the theory if opportunity cost is measured in terms of foregone salary?

Accepted Answer

Choice A is evidence against the theory because it contradicts the prediction that higher opportunity costs (in terms of foregone salary) lead to fewer children. If women with high-paying jobs (and thus higher opportunity costs) have more children, it goes against the theory's prediction.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a prediction of the theory on baseball caps and cheating?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Quiz 20: International Trade

A person who lives in a good-climate city says,"It's expensive to live here,but at least the climate is free." In terms of a theory advanced in the textbook,this person has either forgotten or is unaware that

It often appears as if there are "too few" workers at the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to service all of its customers at a given point in time.Based on one of theories discussed in the textbook,this is probably because

Which of the following is inconsistent with the burglary crime model presented in the textbook?

A man moves from a large city to a small town.In the small town he seems like a very different person than the person he was in the big city.For instance,he is more polite in the small town than he was in the big city.This could be because

Which of the following is not a prediction of the theory on baseball caps and cheating?

A theory predicts that all swans are white.A thousand people go out into the field and identify the color of the swans they see.Their results reveal that,of the 10,000 swans they saw,all were white.It follows that

The bigger the shortage of a good or service,the ____ the seller of the good or service will be to an individual customer _.(We are assuming here that the shortage cannot,for legal reasons,be alleviated through a rise in price.)

Explain what it means to say that a theory is falsifiable or refutable? Give a specific example to help support your answer.

The instructors at College A are regularly late for their office hours.Based on a theory presented in the textbook,we would predict that the gap between the ________student tuition and _equilibrium tuition is _______ at College A.

Theory B predicts that everything that happens,happens for a reason - although we may not know what the reason is.This theory

Smith drives his car numerous places.Sometimes he drives his car around his residential neighborhood and sometimes he drives it on the highway.Occasionally,Smith gets peeved with the way other people drive and makes a rude gesture to them.Based on one of the theories discussed in the textbook,he is

A gift-giver's efficient number of gifts (to give to a gift-recipient) has fallen from 10 to 8.This could be because

People sometimes act differently in different settings.An economist is likely to explain this by saying

A theory predicts that the more a student studies,the higher his or her grades will be.This theory is

The gap between the higher equilibrium tuition and lower student tuition is $4,000 at university A and $10,000 at university B.It follows that

Theory A predicts that the higher the opportunity cost of having a child,the fewer children a woman will have.Which of the following is evidence against the theory if opportunity cost is measured in terms of foregone salary?

Which of the following is not a prediction of the theory on baseball caps and cheating?