Question 1

Current research shows that the different levels of development of gross motor skills reported in boys and girls during middle childhood is mainly due to

Accepted Answer

The current research suggests that socio-cultural factors are the main reason for the different levels of development of gross motor skills reported in boys and girls during middle childhood. For example, boys may receive more encouragement to engage in physical activity or play sports compared to girls due to gender norms and social expectations. This can lead to differences in opportunities for developing gross motor skills and can contribute to the reported differences in skill levels between boys and girls.

Question 2

Experts recommend that school-age children engage in a minimum of _____ minutes of vigorous physical activity every day.

Accepted Answer

Experts recommend that school-age children engage in a minimum of 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity every day to promote good health and prevent childhood obesity. This should include activities that increase heart rate and strengthen muscles and bones.

Question 3

Which of the following are not among the diagnostic criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Accepted Answer

"Often overly organized, to the point of obsession" is not a diagnostic criterion for ADHD. The other choices (A, C, and D) are all included in the criteria for diagnosis.

Question 4

_____ is the hormone that stimulates the flow of energy to the body in high-stress situations.

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is often referred to as the "stress hormone" because it is released in response to stress and stimulates the release of glucose into the bloodstream to provide energy to the body. This response is important in fight or flight situations, but chronic high levels of cortisol can have negative effects on the body. Oxytocin is involved in social bonding and childbirth, melatonin regulates sleep-wake cycles, and insulin regulates blood sugar levels.

Question 5

Children who suffer from severe post-traumatic stress disorder

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children with severe PTSD can experience significant reductions in the volume of their hippocampus, which can affect their memory and ability to regulate emotions. While some children may show improvement over time, they often require professional treatment to address their symptoms.

Question 6

Prolonged stress may affect a child's memory by damaging neurons in his or her

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a part of the brain that is responsible for memory formation and consolidation. Prolonged stress can cause damage to neurons in the hippocampus, leading to a decrease in the ability to form and recall memories.

Question 7

Saronna's motor cortex is developing much more quickly than her prefrontal cortex.It is possible that this may lead to

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that a faster development of the motor cortex compared to the prefrontal cortex can lead to symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by impulsivity and hyperactivity.

Question 8

Calvin is an average 9-year-old boy.It is most likely that he gets most of his exercise at school during

Accepted Answer

Recess is a common time for children to engage in physical activity during the school day, as it provides a break from structured learning and allows for free play and exercise.

Question 9

School-age children's growing pains are actually caused by the

Accepted Answer

Growing pains in school-age children are often attributed to the strains of increased physical activity rather than the growth of muscle or bone tissue or the stress of entering a new life stage. These pains are usually muscular, not related to growth itself.

Question 10

_____ is(are)not symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Accepted Answer

Broca's aphasia is a language disorder caused by damage to the Broca's area in the brain and is not a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The other three choices (B, C, and D) are all symptoms commonly associated with PTSD.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about physical exercise in middle childhood is not true?

Accepted Answer

Exciting first-person-shooter video games do not provide good aerobic exercise for children. While they may involve some physical movement, they do not provide the sustained and vigorous exercise needed for physical health benefits.

Question 12

Renata is an obese 9-year-old girl.Knowing only this about her,you can say that it is most likely that she will also

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children who are obese tend to have less gross motor skills than their normal-weight peers. This may be due to the extra weight they have to carry or limited opportunities to engage in physical activities. There is no evidence to suggest that being obese is linked to academic performance or increased motivation for physical activity, and it is unlikely that an obese child is aerobically fit due to the strain on their cardiovascular system.

Question 13

Marshall and Bouffard (1977)found that childhood obesity

Accepted Answer

Marshall and Bouffard (1977) found that childhood obesity is related to children's lack of competency in particular motor skills.

Question 14

Recent research indicates that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research indicates that
...

Question 15

The most popular organized youth sport in the United States is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most popular organized youth sport in...

Question 16

Like other chronic stress,post-traumatic stress disorder raises the level of _____ in a child's bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) causes the release of stress hormones, particularly cortisol, which can increase the level of cortisol in the bloodstream. This can have negative impacts on a child's physical and mental health over time.

Question 17

Scientists researching attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have

Accepted Answer

While research has identified certain factors that may contribute to ADHD, such as genetics and environmental factors, there is no one definitive cause of ADHD. Instead, it is believed to have many different causes and a complex interplay of factors.

Question 18

Feng and Lian have a really stormy marriage.Money is tight,they don't have many friends,and they spend most of their time arguing with each other.It is most likely that their son Xi-Wang will

Accepted Answer

Research shows that children who grow up in homes with high levels of conflict between parents do habituate to the conflict over time, but they may still show some low-level physiological signs of stress, such as elevated heart rate and cortisol levels. This is the most likely outcome for Xi-Wang in this scenario. The other options presented are not supported by research and are not necessarily likely outcomes for a child in this situation.

Question 19

When Havel was 8 years old,he saw someone killed during a robbery in the convenience store.Since then,he's suffered from nightmares,sleep disorders,and flashbacks to the killing.Havel seems to be suffering from

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the scenario (nightmares, sleep disorder, flashbacks) are typical of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is a mental health condition that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. The traumatic event in this case is seeing someone killed during a robbery, which is likely to have caused significant distress and fear in Havel at the time. PTSD can develop after any kind of traumatic event, and is associated with a range of symptoms including intrusive thoughts, avoidance, negative mood, and hyperarousal.

Question 20

Mizuko is stressed because there is a spelling test today.Her stress about the test will most likely

Accepted Answer

Stress can be a motivator, as it can activate the body's "fight or flight" response and increase alertness and focus. This can help Mizuko perform better on the spelling test. Option B is incorrect because it is unlikely that stress from a single event such as a spelling test would cause lasting brain damage. Option D is incorrect because stress can actually increase reactions to stress rather than dull them over time.

Quiz 10: Physical Development in Middle Childhood