Question 1

In an experimental procedure called _____,a child's memories of an event can be changed by stories that they hear about the event a long time after it has happened.
A)the Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure
B)the misinformation paradigm
C)the Brown-Peterson procedure
D)the Loftus effect.

Accepted Answer

The misinformation paradigm is a research method used in cognitive psychology and legal studies to study the effects of exposure to incorrect information on a person's memory for an event. This paradigm demonstrates how subsequent information can alter an individual's recollection, leading to the creation of false memories.

Question 2

Akolo is trying to explain how to tie a necktie,but can't seem to find the right words.Instead,he simply ties his tie and says,"Like that." Akolo's knowledge of how to knot his tie is most likely stored in his _____ memory.
A)declarative
B)procedural
C)verbatim
D)gist

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory is responsible for storing information about how to do things such as riding a bike or tying a tie. Akolo's ability to tie his tie without conscious effort suggests that this knowledge is stored in his procedural memory.

Question 3

Ippolit's teacher shows him a card with the words zoo,animals,lions,tigers,seals,moose,bears,wolves,elephants,and chimps printed on it.Then she takes away the list of words and asks him to remember as many of them as he can.Ippolit remembers some of the words,but also says that he remembers the word "monkeys." Ippolit's teacher is using the _____ procedure to test his memory.
A)digit span
B)Brown-Peterson
C)Deese-Roediger-McDermott
D)cross-out

Accepted Answer

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure is a method of testing memory by presenting a list of words that are semantically related (in this case, all animals) but not actually on the list. Participants often recall these "lure" words (in this case, "monkeys") because they are thematically related to the presented words.

Question 4

A person's _____ memory contains scripts for common events,such as going out to eat at a nice restaurant.
A)declarative
B)procedural
C)verbatim
D)gist

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person's _____ memory contains scripts for...

Question 5

A person's _____ memory is used to store sequences of complex skills,such as playing a musical instrument or tying your shoes.
A)declarative
B)procedural
C)verbatim
D)gist

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory is used to store sequences of complex skills, such as playing a musical instrument or tying your shoes. Declarative memory is used to store facts and events, Verbatim is used to store exact wording, and gist is used to store the general idea or meaning of something.

Question 6

Nadezhda is being tested with the Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure.If she is 8 years old,we would expect her
A)to make no mistakes.
B)to mistakenly remember some new words that rhyme with words actually on the list,but none with similar meanings to those on the list.
C)to mistakenly remember some new words with meanings similar to those of words actually on the list,but none that rhyme with the words on the list.
D)to mistakenly remember some new words with meanings similar to those of words actually on the list and other new words that rhyme with words actually on the list.

Accepted Answer

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure is a false memory paradigm in which participants are presented with a list of words that are all related to a single concept (e.g., "bed," "rest," "awake," "tired," "dream"). After studying the list, participants are given a recognition test that includes both the studied words and new words that are either related to the concept (e.g., "sleep") or unrelated to the concept (e.g., "chair"). Children as young as 8 years old are able to show false memory in the DRM procedure, mistakenly remembering new words that are related to the concept but not actually on the list.

Question 7

Mariana knows that when she goes to the movies she'll wait in line,buy her ticket,go to the concession stand for a two gallon bucket of popcorn and a drink,and then go into the theater to watch the film.This information is stored in Mariana's _____ memory.
A)declarative
B)procedural
C)verbatim
D)gist

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mariana knows that when she goes to...

Question 8

Andrei has a spelling test tomorrow.Tonight,he's practicing spelling each word over and over again,hoping that this will help him remember their spellings for tomorrow's test.Andrei's strategy is called
A)chunking.
B)organization.
C)a mnemonic device.
D)rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

Andrei's strategy is called rehearsal, which involves repeatedly practicing or reciting information to aid in memory retention.

Question 9

Boris's teacher shows him a card with the words zoo,animals,lions,tigers,seals,moose,bears,wolves,elephants,and chimps printed on it.Then she takes away the list of words and asks him to remember as many of them as he can.Boris remembers some of the words,but also says that he remembers the word "monkeys." Boris's performance on this test demonstrates
A)that the information is stored in his procedural memory.
B)that he suffers from horizontal decalage.
C)that memory is constructive.
D)the misinformation paradigm.

Accepted Answer

Boris's ability to recall a word that was not originally presented to him (monkeys) suggests that his memory is not simply a passive recording of information, but rather an active process of constructing and reconstructing memories based on prior knowledge and experience. This phenomenon is known as constructive memory, which is the process by which we actively organize and shape information as we encode it, and then later reconstruct it during retrieval. This process can sometimes lead to errors or distortions in memory, such as the inclusion of false information, but it also allows us to fill in gaps in our memory and make sense of complex or incomplete information.

Question 10

In general,experts _____ than novices when solving problems in their areas of expertise.
A)are faster at processing information
B)are better at chunking information
C)have bigger working memories
D)have bigger sensory memories

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general,experts _____ than novices when solving...

Question 11

Even though Jacinto can't tell you his friend Maxmiliao's IM address,his fingers always seem to punch it in correctly when he's holding his Blackberry.The address seems to be stored in Jacinto's _____ memory.
A)declarative
B)procedural
C)verbatim
D)gist

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory is the type of memory that involves learned skills and actions, such as typing in a familiar IM address. This is distinct from declarative memory, which involves the recall of facts and knowledge, and from verbatim and gist memory, which are specific types of memory processing.

Question 12

The accuracy of children's memories can be adversely affected by all of the following except
A)the use of neutral prompts.
B)how much the child wants to please the questioner.
C)how long ago an event actually happened.
D)how a question is askeD.

Accepted Answer

The use of neutral prompts can actually improve the accuracy of children's memories by avoiding suggestive or leading questions. B, C, and D can all adversely affect the accuracy of children's memories. Children may feel pressured to please the questioner or may have difficulty recalling events from a long time ago. Additionally, the way a question is asked can introduce bias or suggest certain answers to the child.

Question 13

When Wahchumyus first learns to play a new piece of music,he learns it note by note.This makes it hard to play because he has to keep looking at the score.After a while,he starts to put together several notes into musical phrases,so he is able to think of all the notes in that phrase as a single unit.This helps him keep more of the piece in his working memory.Wahchumyus is using a strategy called
A)decalage.
B)chunking.
C)seriation.
D)transitive inference.

Accepted Answer

Chunking is the process of grouping individual pieces of information into meaningful larger units or chunks. In this scenario, Wahchumyus is grouping several notes together into musical phrases, allowing him to keep more of the piece in his working memory. This is an example of chunking.

Question 14

A person's _____ memory stores detailed memories of specific events,such as your first day at school.
A)declarative
B)procedural
C)verbatim
D)gist

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person's _____ memory stores detailed memories...

Question 15

When her teacher asks the class who experimented with electricity while flying a kite during a thunderstorm,Zoe yells out,"Benjamin Franklin." Franklin's name and experiment were retrieved from Zoe's _____ memory.
A)declarative
B)procedural
C)verbatim
D)gist

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory refers to the memory of specific facts or events, such as the name of a famous inventor and his experiment with electricity. This type of memory is consciously recalled and verbalized, which is what Zoe did in this situation.

Question 16

A person's _____ memory contains information such as the names of people,places,or things.
A)declarative
B)procedural
C)verbatim
D)gist

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory refers to the type of memory that contains information that can be consciously recalled, such as facts, events, names, and definitions. Therefore, option A is the best choice as it specifically mentions the type of memory that contains the given information. Option B (procedural memory) is the type of memory that involves skills and actions while option C (verbatim memory) refers to the type of memory that retains information precisely as it was heard or seen. Option D (gist memory) refers to the general meaning of information, rather than the specific details.

Question 17

_____ is a good memory strategy for increasing your chunking ability.
A)Rehearsal
B)Making a to-do list
C)Cramming
D)Organizing

Accepted Answer

Organizing information into meaningful groups or categories is a helpful memory strategy for increasing your chunking ability. This allows information to be stored and retrieved more efficiently.

Question 18

Bina is telling her friends about her class trip to the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia.She even gives a good,detailed description of walking through a giant human heart.This information seems to have been stored in her _____ memory.
A)declarative
B)procedural
C)verbatim
D)gist

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bina is telling her friends about her...

Question 19

Ludmila is being tested with the Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure.If she is 5 years old,we would expect her
A)to make no mistakes.
B)to mistakenly remember some new words that rhyme with words actually on the list.
C)to mistakenly remember some new words with meanings similar to those of words actually on the list.
D)to mistakenly remember some new words with meanings similar to those of words actually on the list and other new words that rhyme with words actually on the list.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ludmila is being tested with the Deese-Roediger-McDermott...

Question 20

When Sophie learns that the University of Pennsylvania was founded by Benjamin Franklin,she realizes that he's the same person who invented the Franklin Stove and published Poor Richard's Almanac.Sophie is more likely to remember this new information about the university because
A)it is categorized.
B)she is rehearsing it.
C)she has always wanted to live in Philadelphia.
D)she is relating it to her existing knowledge about Franklin.

Accepted Answer

Sophie is more likely to remember the new information about the University of Pennsylvania because she is relating it to her existing knowledge about Benjamin Franklin. This is considered a form of elaborative rehearsal, where new information is linked to pre-existing knowledge and thus more likely to be retained in memory.

Quiz 11: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

In an experimental procedure called _____,a child's memories of an event can be changed by stories that they hear about the event a long time after it has happened.

Akolo is trying to explain how to tie a necktie,but can't seem to find the right words.Instead,he simply ties his tie and says,"Like that." Akolo's knowledge of how to knot his tie is most likely stored in his _____ memory.

A person's _____ memory contains scripts for common events,such as going out to eat at a nice restaurant.

A person's _____ memory is used to store sequences of complex skills,such as playing a musical instrument or tying your shoes.

Nadezhda is being tested with the Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure.If she is 8 years old,we would expect her

Mariana knows that when she goes to the movies she'll wait in line,buy her ticket,go to the concession stand for a two gallon bucket of popcorn and a drink,and then go into the theater to watch the film.This information is stored in Mariana's _____ memory.

Andrei has a spelling test tomorrow.Tonight,he's practicing spelling each word over and over again,hoping that this will help him remember their spellings for tomorrow's test.Andrei's strategy is called

In general,experts _____ than novices when solving problems in their areas of expertise.

Even though Jacinto can't tell you his friend Maxmiliao's IM address,his fingers always seem to punch it in correctly when he's holding his Blackberry.The address seems to be stored in Jacinto's _____ memory.

The accuracy of children's memories can be adversely affected by all of the following except

A person's _____ memory stores detailed memories of specific events,such as your first day at school.

When her teacher asks the class who experimented with electricity while flying a kite during a thunderstorm,Zoe yells out,"Benjamin Franklin." Franklin's name and experiment were retrieved from Zoe's _____ memory.

A person's _____ memory contains information such as the names of people,places,or things.

_____ is a good memory strategy for increasing your chunking ability.

Bina is telling her friends about her class trip to the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia.She even gives a good,detailed description of walking through a giant human heart.This information seems to have been stored in her _____ memory.

Ludmila is being tested with the Deese-Roediger-McDermott procedure.If she is 5 years old,we would expect her

When Sophie learns that the University of Pennsylvania was founded by Benjamin Franklin,she realizes that he's the same person who invented the Franklin Stove and published Poor Richard's Almanac.Sophie is more likely to remember this new information about the university because