Question 1

________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things.
A)Compartments
B)Cells
C)Chromosomes
D)Coelom
E)Cristae

Accepted Answer

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.

Question 2

Explain what occurs during endocytosis.

Accepted Answer

During endocytosis a portion of the plasma membrane invaginates and forms a pouch in order to envelop a substance and fluid.As the membrane folds inward it will eventually pinch itself together forming a vesicle containing the substance or fluid inside of the cell.

Question 3

The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its
A)extracellular matrix.
B)function.
C)nuclear size.
D)surface area-to-volume ratio.
E)genome sizE.

Accepted Answer

The surface area of a cell reflects the ability to exchange materials and the volume reflects the cell's metabolic needs.As the volume increases in cells,the surface area decreases.

Question 4

Fermentation produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration.

Accepted Answer

Fermentation only produces 2 ATP while aerobic respiration produces 32 ATP.

Question 5

The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because
A)cells influence nearby cells to divide.
B)the surface area of a cell must be able to accomplish nutrient/waste exchange.
C)cells need to dissipate heat effectively.
D)mitosis occurs before cells reach a certain size.
E)cells need to communicate with adjacent cells.

Accepted Answer

Cells stay small because the surface area of a cell is important in the exchange of materials.

Question 6

The gel-like fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called the
A)matrix.
B)cristae.
C)rugae.
D)effluvium.
E)villi.

Accepted Answer

The matrix of the mitochondrion is a gel-like fluid.

Question 7

When ATP is broken down,heat is released.

Accepted Answer

ATP breakdown releases heat and energy that can be used for metabolic work.

Question 8

Whose work proved conclusively that spontaneous generation of life from nonlife was not possible?
A)Louis Pasteur
B)Charles Darwin
C)John Ray
D)Walther Flemming
E)Georges Cuvier

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur proved that the spontaneous generation of life was not possible in 1864.

Question 9

Why is glycolysis believed to have evolved early in the history of life?
A)It breaks down sugar.
B)It produces energy.
C)It is present in most every type of cell.
D)It does not require oxygen.
E)It splits a 6-carbon molecule into two 3-carbon molecules.

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis is found in most every type of cell,therefore,it must have evolved early in the history of life.

Question 10

If you could remove all the phosphate in the cell,what would happen to the ATP cycle?
A)It would stop when all the ATP had been converted into ADP.
B)It would stop when all the ADP had been converted into ATP.
C)It would cycle faster because the lack of phosphate would drive the cycle.
D)It would cycle faster because of the buildup of ATP.
E)It would not affect the ATP cyclE.

Accepted Answer

Without phosphate,ADP cannot be converted back to ATP.So the cycle would stop when all the ATP had been converted to ADP.

Question 11

Which of the following steps in the breakdown of glucose does not require oxygen?
A)glycolysis
B)citric acid cycle
C)electron transport chain
D)acetyl CoA conversion
E)None of these require oxygen.

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis is anaerobic,because it requires no oxygen.The citric acid cycle,electron transport chain,and acetyl CoA conversion all require the presence of oxygen to occur.These are all steps associated with aerobic respiration.

Question 12

What are the folds in mitochondrial membranes called?
A)matrix
B)cristae
C)rugae
D)lumen
E)villi

Accepted Answer

The folds in the mitochondria are known as cristae.

Question 13

Only glucose can be used as an energy source in the human body.

Accepted Answer

Other sugars as well as fats and proteins can be used as possible fuel for cellular respiration.

Question 14

If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis,what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle?
A)the outer mitochondrial membrane
B)vacuole
C)cristae
D)matrix
E)grana

Accepted Answer

The outer mitochondrial membrane would come from the engulfing vesicle.The cristae is the inner mitochondrial membrane and would have represented the original prokaryotic membrane.

Question 15

What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration?
A)38
B)36
C)32
D)2
E)4

Accepted Answer

The maximum number of ATP produced during cellular respiration is 38.The low side of the range for the entire cellular respiration process is 36.32 ATP are produced during the ATP-synthase complex per glucose molecule.

Question 16

In a metabolic pathway,substrate Z is broken down to form product Y and X.Y is further broken down into products V and W.How many enzymes are required for this metabolic pathway?
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Accepted Answer

Two enzymes are needed: one to break down Z and one to break down Y.

Question 17

Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration,all living cells must contain mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells carry out cellular respiration but they do not contain mitochondria.The elements of the respiratory pathway are present in the plasma membrane.

Question 18

The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called
A)respiration.
B)anabolism.
C)photosynthesis.
D)metabolism.
E)reaction summary.

Accepted Answer

Metabolism includes the sum of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell.

Question 19

The first day of football practice was rough on the squad.During practice the players complained of cramps and sore muscles.The reason for their complaints was that there was a __________________ build up in their muscles.
A)glucose
B)alcohol
C)carbon dioxide
D)carbon monoxide
E)lactate

Accepted Answer

The reason for cramps and sore muscles complaints was that there was a lactate build up in their muscles due to anaerobic exercise.

Question 20

List,in order,the stages of aerobic cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List,in order,the stages of aerobic cellular respiration....

Quiz 3: Cell Structure and Function

________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things.

Explain what occurs during endocytosis.

The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its

Fermentation produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration.

The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because

The gel-like fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called the

When ATP is broken down,heat is released.

Whose work proved conclusively that spontaneous generation of life from nonlife was not possible?

Why is glycolysis believed to have evolved early in the history of life?

If you could remove all the phosphate in the cell,what would happen to the ATP cycle?

Which of the following steps in the breakdown of glucose does not require oxygen?

What are the folds in mitochondrial membranes called?

Only glucose can be used as an energy source in the human body.

If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis,what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle?

What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration?

In a metabolic pathway,substrate Z is broken down to form product Y and X.Y is further broken down into products V and W.How many enzymes are required for this metabolic pathway?

Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration,all living cells must contain mitochondria.

The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called

The first day of football practice was rough on the squad.During practice the players complained of cramps and sore muscles.The reason for their complaints was that there was a __________________ build up in their muscles.

List,in order,the stages of aerobic cellular respiration.