Question 1

By definition, a fruit is derived from the
A) archegonium.
B) corolla.
C) calyx.
D) ovary.
E) stamen.

Accepted Answer

Fruits are ovary-derived structures that enclose the seeds of angiosperms.

Question 2

In black bread mold, spores are produced in
A) clublike structures of the gills.
B) sporangia.
C) carpels.
D) sori.
E) mycorrhizae.

Accepted Answer

Spores are produced in the sporangia of black bread molds by meiosis.

Question 3

Which of these is not a fungal disease (mycosis)?
A) wheat rust
B) ringworm
C) athlete's foot
D) oral thrush
E) All of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Although not all fungi cause disease, many can and do infect both plants and animals (including humans).Learning Outcome: 18.03.05 Provide examples of fungal diseases.

Question 4

A mutualistic association between a fungus and a cyanobacteria or green algae is a
A) chytrid.
B) mushroom.
C) lichen.
D) moss.
E) mycorrhiza.

Accepted Answer

Although outwardly a lichen appears to be a single organism, it is actually a fungus and a photosynthetic partner (a cyanobacterium or an alga).

Question 5

A unicellular, eukaryotic organism has flagella and cell walls of chitin. What is it?
A) charophyte
B) lycophyte
C) mycorrhizal fungus
D) black bread mold
E) chytrid

Accepted Answer

Chytrids are fungi, thus they are eukaryotes with chitin-containing cell walls. Unlike other fungi, their gametes and spores are motile with flagella.

Question 6

Which statement about chytrids is incorrect?
A) They have flagellated spores and gametes.
B) They are obligate parasites.
C) Some are unicellular while others form hyphae.
D) Some have an alternation of generations life cycle.
E) Some stages of their life cycle are motile.

Accepted Answer

Most chytrids live freely in the soil and water, not as parasites.

Question 7

Apples, oranges, peanuts, and rice grains are produced by
A) gymnosperms.
B) bryophytes.
C) angiosperms.
D) charophytes.
E) lycophytes.

Accepted Answer

Apples, oranges, peanuts, and rice grains are all fruits, which are characteristic of angiosperms.

Question 8

Many garden-supply stores sell root dips used to treat plants that are being transplanted. Such dips are advertised as containing spores. What kind of spores should these dips contain?
A) mycorrhizal fungi
B) chytrids
C) lycophytes
D) yeasts
E) lichens

Accepted Answer

Mycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic associations with plant roots, and help the plants to thrive.Learning Outcome: 18.03.04 Summarize the economic and ecological significance of fungi.

Question 9

Which of these is mismatched?
A) ovule-seed
B) ovary-fruit
C) microspore mother cell-pollen
D) embryo-male gametophyte
E) megaspore mother cell-female gametophyte

Accepted Answer

The embryo is the immature sporophyte, and grows into the sporophyte plant.

Question 10

_____ is the vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals from a plant's roots to its leaves.
A) Endosperm
B) Phloem
C) Hypha
D) Xylem
E) Corolla

Accepted Answer

There are two types of plant vascular tissue: xylem and phloem. Xylem carries water and minerals, and phloem carries organic nutrients.

Question 11

In ferns, the dominant generation is the
A) haploid gametophyte.
B) diploid gametophyte.
C) haploid sporophyte.
D) diploid sporophyte.
E) triploid endosperm.

Accepted Answer

The dominant generation in ferns is the sporophyte, which is diploid.

Question 12

Some scientists estimate that over half of the world's rainforest has already been lost, mostly due to human activities. What would you predict as a consequence of the massive loss of plant life?
A) a decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide
B) reduced incidence of flooding
C) an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
D) a decline in soil erosion
E) a drop in average temperatures worldwide

Accepted Answer

Areas of rich vegetation such as rainforests help keep carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere relatively low. Thus, the loss of rainforest may contribute to global warming.

Question 13

Beekeepers and scientists are puzzled and troubled by a decline in bee populations around the world. What would you predict as a likely consequence of the widespread lack of bees?
A) loss of crop productivity
B) decline in conifer numbers
C) disappearance of mosses and ferns
D) inability of plants to obtain enough nitrogen
E) increase in prevalence of seedless vascular plants

Accepted Answer

Most of our crop plants are angiosperms, and many of their flowers are adapted to bees as pollinators.

Question 14

The body of a typical fungus is termed a(n)
A) antheridium.
B) mycorrhiza.
C) sporangium.
D) hypha.
E) mycelium.

Accepted Answer

The body of a fungus is usually a network of hyphae known as a mycelium.

Question 15

Which statement about fungi is incorrect?
A) Fungi are chemoheterotrophic by absorption.
B) Fungi are generally motile.
C) Adult fungal cells are haploid.
D) Fungal cell walls are composed of chitin.
E) Fungi are thought to be descendants of a flagellated protist.

Accepted Answer

Except for chytrids, fungi are nonmotile.

Question 16

In a fungal life cycle, which of the following is/are diploid?
A) the zygote only
B) the spores only
C) the hyphae only
D) the hyphae and spores but not the zygote
E) the zygote, spores, and hyphae

Accepted Answer

The zygote is the only diploid part of the fungal life cycle; the rest is haploid.

Question 17

When making bread, you first "proof" the yeast by mixing with sugar in lukewarm water. Assuming that the yeast are alive, what happens next and why?
A) The water will become cloudy as the flagellated yeast cells swim around.
B) The yeast will germinate and start to form a mycelium.
C) Bubbles form as the yeast ferment the sugar and release carbon dioxide.
D) Bubbles form as the yeast produce sugar and release oxygen.
E) Nothing could happen, since yeast are not living organisms.

Accepted Answer

Yeast ferment the sugar, releasing carbon dioxide, which results in a bubbly foam on top of the water. "Proofing" the yeast is so-called because it proves that the yeast cells are alive and will be able to make the bread rise as they continue to ferment and release carbon dioxide gas.

Question 18

In the fern life cycle, which of these is haploid?
A) frond only
B) zygote only
C) gametophyte only
D) gametes only
E) both gametophyte and gametes

Accepted Answer

The gametophyte is haploid, and it produces haploid gametes.

Question 19

Which of the following have microscopically small gametophytes?
A) mosses
B) ferns
C) angiosperms
D) gymnosperms
E) both angiosperms and gymnosperms

Accepted Answer

The gametophyte generation is most reduced in the seed-producing plants-angiosperms and gymnosperms.Learning Outcome: 18.02.02 Describe the life cycle and reproductive strategies used by each group of land plants.

Question 20

If you were to examine chunks of coal for plant fossils, you would most likely find
A) stoneworts.
B) bryophytes.
C) angiosperms.
D) conifers.
E) seedless vascular plants.

Accepted Answer

During the Carboniferous period there were vast forests of seedless vascular plants.

Quiz 18: Land Environment: Plants and Fungi

By definition, a fruit is derived from the

In black bread mold, spores are produced in

Which of these is not a fungal disease (mycosis) ?

A mutualistic association between a fungus and a cyanobacteria or green algae is a

A unicellular, eukaryotic organism has flagella and cell walls of chitin. What is it?

Which statement about chytrids is incorrect?

Apples, oranges, peanuts, and rice grains are produced by

Many garden-supply stores sell root dips used to treat plants that are being transplanted. Such dips are advertised as containing spores. What kind of spores should these dips contain?

Which of these is mismatched?

_____ is the vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals from a plant's roots to its leaves.

In ferns, the dominant generation is the

Some scientists estimate that over half of the world's rainforest has already been lost, mostly due to human activities. What would you predict as a consequence of the massive loss of plant life?

Beekeepers and scientists are puzzled and troubled by a decline in bee populations around the world. What would you predict as a likely consequence of the widespread lack of bees?

The body of a typical fungus is termed a(n)

Which statement about fungi is incorrect?

In a fungal life cycle, which of the following is/are diploid?

When making bread, you first "proof" the yeast by mixing with sugar in lukewarm water. Assuming that the yeast are alive, what happens next and why?

In the fern life cycle, which of these is haploid?

Which of the following have microscopically small gametophytes?

If you were to examine chunks of coal for plant fossils, you would most likely find