Question 1

Which is not a positive influence of television on children's development?
A)motivating educational programming
B)increasing information about the world that is beyond the immediate environment
C)models of prosocial behaviour
D)presenting unrealistic views of the world

Accepted Answer

Presenting unrealistic views of the world can have a negative influence on children's development by creating unrealistic expectations, distorted views of reality, and a sense of dissatisfaction or disappointment with their own lives.

Question 2

______________________ is the cognitive view people develop of themselves.
A)Atonement
B)Mindsets
C)Excuses
D)Plans

Accepted Answer

Mindsets are the cognitive view people develop of themselves, often based on their beliefs and experiences. Atonement refers to making amends for wrongdoings, excuses are reasons given to justify behavior or actions, and plans refer to strategies or intentions for future actions.

Question 3

_________ orientation involves being concerned with the achievement outcome; winning is what matters,and happiness is thought to result from winning.
A)Mastery orientation
B)Performance orientation
C)Self-efficacy orientation
D)None of these.

Accepted Answer

The description given perfectly aligns with performance orientation, as individuals with this orientation focus on the end result and winning, often at the expense of enjoying the process or learning from mistakes.

Question 4

Which statement indicates that Joe's desire to get a law degree and eventually become a judge is intrinsically motivated?
A)"If I become a famous judge, I'll get to be on television and make a lot of money."
B)"My mother always wanted one of her children to be a lawyer."
C)"I got the idea when I was watching the show, 'Judging Amy.'"
D)"I've always had a strong desire to be in the legal profession."

Accepted Answer

Choice D indicates Joe has a strong desire to be in the legal profession, which aligns with intrinsic motivation. The other choices suggest extrinsic motivation, such as fame or pleasing a parent.

Question 5

As Anita steps to the free-throw line with the national women's collegiate basketball championship on the line,a lot of thoughts begin to run through her mind.Which thought best illustrates the concept of mastery motivation?
A)"Just remember to aim at the back of the rim, since that strategy worked on the last shot."
B)"I hope that my mom and dad are watching on television."
C)"I am going to miss, because I am a terrible foul shooter."
D)"When this shot goes in, people are going to love me."

Accepted Answer

Choice A best illustrates the concept of mastery motivation because it focuses on the personal goal of improving her skills and using a successful strategy, rather than external rewards or praise.

Question 6

What students believe about the causes of their success or failure,influences
A)their motivation.
B)their performance.
C)both their motivation and their performance.
D)neither their motivation nor their performance.

Accepted Answer

Students' beliefs about the causes of their success or failure can have a significant impact on both their motivation and their performance. If they believe success is due to their own efforts and abilities, they are likely to be motivated to continue working hard and performing well. On the other hand, if they attribute their success to external factors or luck, they may not feel as motivated to continue striving for success. Similarly, if they believe their failures are due to lack of effort or ability, they are likely to be motivated to work harder and perform better in the future. However, if they attribute their failures to uncontrollable factors such as bad luck or unfair circumstances, they may not be as motivated to improve their performance. Therefore, students' beliefs about the causes of their success or failure can have a significant impact on both their motivation and their performance.

Question 7

If 14-year-old Lucy plans next week's activities,she should also
A)plan at least two more years after that time.
B)monitor how well she is sticking to her plans for next week.
C)look ahead and not worry about the present.
D)plan at least two more years after that time, and look ahead and not worry about the present.

Accepted Answer

While it's important to have long-term plans, a 14-year-old should focus on the immediate future first. By monitoring how well she sticks to her plans for next week, Lucy can learn to stay organized and accountable, which will help her with future planning as well. A and D are not necessarily bad options, but they focus too heavily on the distant future and may cause Lucy to lose sight of her short-term goals. C is also not a good option, as it suggests ignoring the present altogether, which could be harmful to Lucy's immediate needs and responsibilities.

Question 8

Individuals with a ___________ orientation are task-oriented; instead of focusing on their ability,they are concerned about their learning strategies and the process of achievement rather than outcomes.
A)mastery
B)performance
C)self-efficacy
D)None of these.

Accepted Answer

A mastery orientation is characterized by a focus on learning and improving one's skills, rather than comparing oneself to others or seeking external validation. Individuals with a mastery orientation are more likely to take on challenging tasks, persist in the face of obstacles, and value effort and learning strategies over innate ability. This differs from a performance orientation, which is more concerned with achieving favorable outcomes or demonstrating ability compared to others. Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed in a specific task or situation and is not equivalent to orientation.

Question 9

Why is there a shift toward extrinsic motivation as children move to higher grade levels?
A)School grading practices reinforce external motivation.
B)As students age, they lock into the increasing emphasis on grades and their internal motivation drops.
C)Both answers are correct.
D)Neither answer is correct.

Accepted Answer

School grading practices typically emphasize external rewards and punishment, which reinforces extrinsic motivation. Additionally, as students move to higher grade levels, they may become more focused on achieving good grades and meeting external expectations rather than learning for the sake of learning, which can decrease their internal motivation. Therefore, both A and B contribute to the shift toward extrinsic motivation.

Question 10

___________________ is based on internal factors such as self-determination,curiosity,challenge,and effort
A)Intrinsic motivation
B)Extrinsic motivation
C)Punishments and rewards method
D)Self-determination method

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation is based on internal factors, such as personal goals and interests, while extrinsic motivation is based on external factors, such as rewards or punishments. Punishments and rewards method and self-determination method both relate to extrinsic motivation, not intrinsic motivation. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 11

In some situations,rewards actually
A)improve learning.
B)undermine learning.
C)can both improve and undermine learning.
D)None of these.

Accepted Answer

Rewards can both improve and undermine learning depending on the context and the type of reward used. While extrinsic rewards, such as money or prizes, can sometimes undermine intrinsic motivation, they can also serve as a helpful tool for encouraging certain behaviors and reinforcing learning. Additionally, rewards that are tied to the mastery or improvement of a skill, rather than just completion of a task, can be particularly effective in promoting learning.

Question 12

Researchers have found that giving adolescents some choice and providing opportunities for personal responsibility increases their _______________ motivation and ____________ interest in school tasks.
A)external; extrinsic
B)external; intrinsic
C)internal; intrinsic
D)internal; extrinsic

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, providing opportunities for personal responsibility increases their internal motivation and intrinsic interest. Option A and B refer to external motivation and extrinsic interests, which are not mentioned in the statement. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Option D refers to internal motivation and extrinsic interests, which is not the combination mentioned in the statement.

Question 13

_______________________________ is the belief that one can master a situation and produce favourable outcomes.
A)Mastery orientation
B)Performance orientation
C)Self-efficacy
D)None of these.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to organize and execute actions required to achieve a particular goal or outcome. It is the confidence in one's ability to control and regulate one's actions to achieve a desired outcome. Mastery orientation concerns seeking to increase one's understanding of a subject or task and to develop competence in it. Performance orientation, on the other hand, focuses on achieving good results and gaining positive feedback from others. Therefore, while mastery orientation and performance orientation are related to self-efficacy, the best choice for the given definition is self-efficacy.

Question 14

Joey is watching television,text messaging,and listening to his iPod.This activity is called
A)multitexting.
B)multimessaging.
C)multitasking.
D)multimedia.

Accepted Answer

Multitasking refers to the act of performing multiple tasks or activities simultaneously, which is what Joey is doing in the given scenario. A is not a recognized term, B is too specific to just text messaging, and D refers to a broader range of media formats.

Question 15

According to Bandura,rewards in the classroom may be used
A)as an incentive to engage in tasks, in which case the goal is to control the student's behaviour.
B)to convey information about mastery.
C)Both answers are correct.
D)Neither answer is correct.

Accepted Answer

Bandura suggests that rewards in the classroom can be used both as an incentive to engage in tasks (aiming to control behavior) and to convey information about mastery.

Question 16

Researchers have found that two distinct responses to difficult or challenging circumstances are
A)mastery orientation or a helpful orientation.
B)mastery motivation or a helpless orientation.
C)challenging orientation or a failure orientation.
D)None of these.

Accepted Answer

The two responses to difficult or challenging circumstances are mastery motivation, in which an individual is motivated to learn and improve their skills, and a helpless orientation, in which an individual may feel overwhelmed and give up easily. The other answer choices are either incorrect or not commonly used in the field of psychology.

Question 17

In order to improve self-efficacy and achievement,one should set _________ goals.
A)specific
B)proximal
C)challenging
D)All of these.

Accepted Answer

Setting specific, proximal and challenging goals have all been shown to improve self-efficacy and achievement. Specific goals help individuals clearly define what they want to achieve, proximal goals break down the larger goal into more manageable steps, and challenging goals push individuals to strive for higher levels of achievement. Therefore, setting goals that are specific, proximal, and challenging together is the best option to improve self-efficacy and achievement.

Question 18

________________________,of the social cognitive theory,believes that self-efficacy is a critical factor in whether or not students achieve.
A)Jean Piaget
B)Albert Bandura
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Erik Erikson

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura, the founder of the social cognitive theory, believes that self-efficacy (one's belief in their ability to succeed) plays a critical role in determining whether a student is successful or not.

Question 19

A student making the following statement is exhibiting _______________________: "I know that I will be able to make the basketball team and I expect to be able to do well at our first game."
A)attribution
B)instability
C)self-efficacy
D)None of these.

Accepted Answer

The statement is an example of self-efficacy, which refers to a person's belief in their ability to achieve a certain goal or task. The student expresses confidence in their ability to make the basketball team and do well in the first game. Attribution refers to the process of assigning causes to behavior or events, and instability refers to the notion that behavior or events are subject to change. Neither of these concepts is directly applicable to the student's statement.

Question 20

When creative children were studied,what was the outcome of television viewing and creativity?
A)The children were extremely creative because they watched creativity on television all the time.
B)Television is negatively related to children's creativity.
C)The children go from point A of creativity to point B of creativity in leaps and bounds when watching television.
D)None of these.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that television can have a negative impact on children's creativity, as it limits their imagination and critical thinking skills. Instead of using their own imagination to come up with solutions or ideas, they rely on what they see on the screen. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Quiz 16: Schools and Technology

Which is not a positive influence of television on children's development?

______________________ is the cognitive view people develop of themselves.

_________ orientation involves being concerned with the achievement outcome; winning is what matters,and happiness is thought to result from winning.

Which statement indicates that Joe's desire to get a law degree and eventually become a judge is intrinsically motivated?

As Anita steps to the free-throw line with the national women's collegiate basketball championship on the line,a lot of thoughts begin to run through her mind.Which thought best illustrates the concept of mastery motivation?

What students believe about the causes of their success or failure,influences

If 14-year-old Lucy plans next week's activities,she should also

Individuals with a ___________ orientation are task-oriented; instead of focusing on their ability,they are concerned about their learning strategies and the process of achievement rather than outcomes.

Why is there a shift toward extrinsic motivation as children move to higher grade levels?

___________________ is based on internal factors such as self-determination,curiosity,challenge,and effort

In some situations,rewards actually

Researchers have found that giving adolescents some choice and providing opportunities for personal responsibility increases their ___ motivation and interest in school tasks.

_______________________________ is the belief that one can master a situation and produce favourable outcomes.

Joey is watching television,text messaging,and listening to his iPod.This activity is called

According to Bandura,rewards in the classroom may be used

Researchers have found that two distinct responses to difficult or challenging circumstances are

In order to improve self-efficacy and achievement,one should set _________ goals.

________________________,of the social cognitive theory,believes that self-efficacy is a critical factor in whether or not students achieve.

A student making the following statement is exhibiting _______________________: "I know that I will be able to make the basketball team and I expect to be able to do well at our first game."

When creative children were studied,what was the outcome of television viewing and creativity?