Question 1

The layers of a tooth, from hardest to softest, are:
A)dentin, enamel, pulp.
B)enamel, dentin, pulp.
C)enamel, pulp, dentin.
D)dentin, pulp, enamel.
E)pulp, dentin, enamel.

Accepted Answer

The enamel is the hardest layer of the tooth and is the outermost layer. The dentin is the layer underneath the enamel and is not as hard. The pulp is the softest layer and is located at the center of the tooth. Therefore, the layers of a tooth, from hardest to softest, are enamel, dentin, and pulp.

Question 2

The normal adult has _________ teeth.
A)16
B)24
C)28
D)32
E)38

Accepted Answer

The normal adult has 32 teeth, including 16 on the upper jaw and 16 on the lower jaw. These teeth include incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.

Question 3

What is the name of the stomach exit area that leads to the bowel?
A)Jejunum
B)Pylorus
C)Ileum
D)Esophagus
E)Anus

Accepted Answer

The pylorus is the exit area of the stomach that leads to the small intestine or bowel.

Question 4

Which of the following words means yellow staining of tissues?
A)Jaundice
B)Hemoglobin
C)Glycosuria
D)Hemoglobinuria
E)Pyorrhea

Accepted Answer

Jaundice is a condition in which yellow pigments, called bilirubin, build up in the blood and cause yellow staining of tissues, such as the skin and eyes. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Glycosuria is the presence of glucose in the urine. Hemoglobinuria is the presence of hemoglobin in the urine, which can cause a dark red or brown color. Pyorrhea is a condition characterized by inflammation and discharge from the gums.

Question 5

Which of the following terms means vomiting of red blood?
A)Esophagitis
B)Hematemesis
C)Regurgitation
D)Epiglottis
E)Reflux

Accepted Answer

Hematemesis is the medical term for vomiting blood or having blood in vomit. Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophagus, whereas regurgitation is the reflux of stomach contents into the mouth without vomiting. Epiglottis is a flap of tissue that helps prevent food from entering the windpipe, and reflux refers to the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.

Question 6

An oral disorder occurring most often on the lip is associated with smoking or chewing tobacco in 80% of those suffering from the condition.Which best describes this disorder?
A)It occurs during the childbearing period.
B)Its cause is well understood.
C)It is a complication of bacterial infections.
D)It is called oral cancer.
E)Antibiotics will clear it up.

Accepted Answer

Oral cancer is a disorder that often occurs on the lip and is strongly associated with smoking or chewing tobacco.

Question 7

A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the:
A)esophagus.
B)diaphragm.
C)oropharynx.
D)pyloric sphincter.
E)epiglottis.

Accepted Answer

A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach slides up through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, typically due to a weakness in the diaphragm.

Question 8

What is the major source of energy for all cells?
A)Hormones
B)Enzymes
C)Vitamins
D)Glucose
E)Minerals

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the primary source of energy for all cells in the body. It is broken down through cellular respiration pathways to produce ATP, which is used to power cellular processes. Hormones, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals are all important in various cellular functions, but none of them are the major source of energy for cells.

Question 9

The RD in GERD stands for:
A)registered dietician.
B)retrograde dilation.
C)regurgitative destruction.
D)Roux-en-Y disease.
E)reflux disease.

Accepted Answer

RD in GERD stands for reflux disease. Reflux disease or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is a digestive disorder that occurs when the muscle between the esophagus and stomach relaxes too much, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, causing various symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and chest pain.

Question 10

Which of the following terms has a suffix meaning surgical excision?
A)Cholangiography
B)Gingival
C)Gingivitis
D)Gingivectomy
E)Herniorrhaphy

Accepted Answer

The suffix "-ectomy" means surgical removal or excision. Therefore, "Gingivectomy" is the only term with a suffix indicating surgical excision.

Question 11

Which of the following terms means beside the ear?
A)Molar
B)Periodontal
C)Sublingual
D)Parotid
E)Hiatal

Accepted Answer

"Parotid" refers to the parotid gland, which is located next to the ear.

Question 12

Which of the following words has a prefix meaning around?
A)Periodontal
B)Hematemesis
C)Cyanotic
D)Xanthochromic
E)Leukoplakia

Accepted Answer

"Peri-" is a prefix meaning "around." Therefore, "periodontal" is the word with a prefix meaning "around."

Question 13

A synonym for swallowing is:
A)deglutition.
B)bolus.
C)regurgitation.
D)emesis.
E)mastication.

Accepted Answer

Deglutition is the medical term for swallowing.

Question 14

Which of the following terms refers to a condition involving tissue around a tooth?
A)Gingival
B)Submandibular
C)Periodontitis
D)Leukoplakia
E)Hematemesis

Accepted Answer

Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone that supports your teeth, involving the tissue around a tooth.

Question 15

The roof of the mouth is called the:
A)pharynx.
B)dentine.
C)saliva.
D)tongue.
E)palate.

Accepted Answer

The palate refers to the roof of the mouth, including the hard palate (bony anterior portion) and the soft palate (muscular posterior portion). The pharynx is a tube-shaped structure that plays a role in both the respiratory and digestive systems. Dentine is a calcified tissue found in teeth. Saliva is a fluid produced by the salivary glands that moistens and begins the breakdown of food. The tongue is a muscular organ that helps with speaking, swallowing, and taste perception.

Question 16

Which of the following terms means protrusion?
A)Hiatal
B)Hiatus
C)Hernia
D)Dysphagia
E)Deglutition

Accepted Answer

Hernia refers to an abnormal protrusion of an organ or body part through a weakened or torn area of the surrounding tissue or muscle.

Question 17

Dilated veins of the esophagus are:
A)esophagitis.
B)esophageal sphincter.
C)esophageal varices.
D)gastroesophageal reflux.
E)hiatal hernia.

Accepted Answer

Dilated veins of the esophagus are called esophageal varices. These can be caused by liver disease and portal hypertension, and are at risk for rupture and bleeding.

Question 18

The word meaning bacterial destruction of teeth is:
A)thrush.
B)plaque.
C)caries.
D)canker.
E)tartar.

Accepted Answer

Caries is the term commonly used to describe bacterial destruction of teeth. Thrush is a fungal infection, plaque and tartar are both types of buildup on teeth caused by bacteria, and canker sores are not related to bacterial destruction of teeth.

Question 19

The word halitosis means :
A)painful, burning tongue.
B)bad odor of the breath.
C)infection with Candida albicans.
D)bacterial destruction of teeth.
E)patch of abnormal tissue.

Accepted Answer

Halitosis refers to bad odor of the breath, whether it is caused by poor oral hygiene, certain foods, or underlying medical conditions.

Question 20

A buildup of dental plaque is called:
A)tartar.
B)leukoplakia.
C)caries.
D)thrush.

Accepted Answer

Dental plaque that is not removed in a timely manner can harden into tartar, which cannot be removed through brushing or flossing alone and requires professional cleaning. Leukoplakia is a white or gray lesion that can develop in the mouth, whereas caries is tooth decay caused by bacteria. Thrush is a fungal infection that can occur in the mouth.

Quiz 9: The Digestive System: The Essentials of the Language of Gastroenterology

The layers of a tooth, from hardest to softest, are:

The normal adult has _________ teeth.

What is the name of the stomach exit area that leads to the bowel?

Which of the following words means yellow staining of tissues?

Which of the following terms means vomiting of red blood?

An oral disorder occurring most often on the lip is associated with smoking or chewing tobacco in 80% of those suffering from the condition.Which best describes this disorder?

A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the:

What is the major source of energy for all cells?

The RD in GERD stands for:

Which of the following terms has a suffix meaning surgical excision?

Which of the following terms means beside the ear?

Which of the following words has a prefix meaning around?

A synonym for swallowing is:

Which of the following terms refers to a condition involving tissue around a tooth?

The roof of the mouth is called the:

Which of the following terms means protrusion?

Dilated veins of the esophagus are:

The word meaning bacterial destruction of teeth is:

The word halitosis means :

A buildup of dental plaque is called: