Question 1

A patient is scheduled to have a left nephrostomy.This means that the patient will have:

Accepted Answer

Nephrostomy is a procedure where a new opening is made into the kidney to allow urine to drain directly from the kidney into a collection bag outside the body. This procedure is typically done when the urine flow from the kidney is blocked, often due to a kidney stone or tumor. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Question 2

If a physician wanted to assess the blood flow through a patient's kidneys, which of the following diagnostic tests would be most appropriate to order?

Accepted Answer

A renal angiogram is the most appropriate test to assess blood flow through the kidneys. This test involves injecting contrast dye into the arteries that supply blood to the kidneys and then taking X-ray images to visualize the blood flow.

Question 3

A diagnostic test in which contrast material is inserted into the bladder through a catheter and x-rays taken as the patient urinates is abbreviated:

Accepted Answer

The diagnostic test described is a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), which involves the insertion of contrast material into the bladder through a catheter and x-rays taken as the patient urinates. The other options listed (KUB, IVP, MRI, CT) do not involve the insertion of contrast material into the bladder or the imaging of the bladder during urination.

Question 4

Which of the following diseases can develop following a strep throat infection, usually in children?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulonephritis can develop following a strep throat infection, usually in children.

Question 5

Checking a urine sample for pH, specific gravity, the presence of protein and sugar are part of a(n):

Accepted Answer

These are all components of a urinalysis (UA). An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is an imaging test that uses x-rays and contrast dye to examine the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. SG refers to specific gravity, which is a measurement of how concentrated the urine is. A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a test that uses x-rays to examine the bladder and urethra while the bladder is being filled and emptied. A kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) x-ray is an imaging test used to assess the size, shape, and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

Question 6

Mr.Smith, a 55 year old man, reported a sudden onset of left flank pain.Urinalysis showed a large number of RBCs in the urine.This condition is called:

Accepted Answer

The presence of a large number of red blood cells in the urine is known as hematuria. Oliguria refers to reduced urine output, dysuria refers to painful urination, diuresis refers to increased urine output, and pyuria refers to the presence of pus cells in the urine.

Question 7

A diagnostic test in which contrast material containing iodine is injected intravenously, and its progress through the urinary tract is recorded on a series of rapid x-ray images is abbreviated

Accepted Answer

The diagnostic test described in the question is an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Contrast material containing iodine is injected intravenously, and its progress through the urinary tract is recorded on a series of rapid x-ray images. The other choices listed (KUB, MRI, VCUG, UA) do not involve the use of iodine-based contrast material injected intravenously to image the urinary tract.

Question 8

You notice the abbreviation UTI in the progress report on a patient's chart.You interpret this to mean that the patient:

Accepted Answer

UTI stands for urinary tract infection, indicating that the patient has an infection in their urinary system.

Question 9

A suprapubic transabdominal needle aspiration is done:

Accepted Answer

A suprapubic transabdominal needle aspiration is done above the symphysis pubis, through the abdominal wall. This is because the bladder is located in the lower part of the abdomen, just behind the pubic bone. By doing the aspiration above the symphysis pubis, the needle can access the bladder without damaging any vital structures in the lower part of the abdomen.

Question 10

A patient who is exposed to drugs, severe burns, toxins, and systemic infections can develop:

Accepted Answer

Exposure to drugs, severe burns, toxins, and systemic infections can cause Acute Renal Failure (ARF).

Question 11

A patient has diabetic ketoacidosis.One would expect to find which of the following in a UA?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by high levels of ketones in the blood and urine due to the body breaking down fat for energy. Therefore, a UA would likely show the presence of ketones. The other choices (protein, nitrogen, red cells, and white cells) are not specific to diabetic ketoacidosis and can be seen in a variety of different conditions.

Question 12

An inflammation of the tube leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder is called:

Accepted Answer

The inflammation of the tube leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder is called ureteritis. Option A is incorrect as cystitis is the inflammation of the bladder. Option B is incorrect as pyelitis is the inflammation of the renal pelvis (which is the area where the ureter joins the kidney). Option C is incorrect as urethritis is the inflammation of the urethra. Option E is incorrect as nephritis is the inflammation of the kidney itself.

Question 13

An artificial method of removing waste materials and excess fluid from the blood through an implanted abdominal catheter is abbreviated:

Accepted Answer

CAPD stands for Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, which involves using an implanted abdominal catheter to remove waste materials and excess fluid from the blood. ARF stands for Acute Renal Failure, ESRD stands for End Stage Renal Disease, PKD stands for Polycystic Kidney Disease, and BUN stands for Blood Urea Nitrogen, which is a measurement of kidney function. None of these other choices describe the artificial method of removing waste materials and excess fluid through an implanted abdominal catheter.

Question 14

All of the following procedures for treating nephrolithiasis can be used EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

CAPD (Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis) is a treatment for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and is not used for treating nephrolithiasis (kidney stones). Choices A, B, C, and E are all valid procedures for treating nephrolithiasis.

Question 15

The root/combining form in the word extracorporeal means :

Accepted Answer

The root/combining form "corpore" in the word "extracorporeal" means "body."

Question 16

The loss of bladder control due to the urge coming on too quickly for the person to get to the toilet is called:

Accepted Answer

The loss of bladder control due to the urge coming on too quickly for the person to get to the toilet is known as urge incontinence.

Question 17

Of the following diagnostic tests, which one is most definitive in diagnosing bladder cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cystoscopy with biopsy is the most definitive in diagnosing bladder cancer as it allows for direct visualization of the bladder and the ability to take a tissue sample for pathological analysis. MRI and CT scans may show abnormalities in the bladder, but they may not be specific for cancer. Urinalysis can show some abnormal cells, but is not specific for bladder cancer. Voiding cystourethrogram can show the function of the bladder, but is not specific for cancer diagnosis.

Question 18

The suffix in the word cystoscopy means :

Accepted Answer

The suffix "-scopy" means to examine with an instrument.

Question 19

A patient's kidney disease was labeled as idiopathic.This means that the cause of this patient's kidney disease is:

Accepted Answer

Idiopathic means that the cause is unknown. None of the other options specifically match this definition.

Question 20

The medical term that means pertaining to the kidney is:

Accepted Answer

The prefix "renal" is derived from the Latin word for kidney, "ren." Therefore, "renal" means pertaining to the kidney. Option B is an incorrect medical term. Option C and D are not common medical terms used to describe the kidney. Option E is not a valid medical term.

Quiz 13: The Urinary System: The Essentials of the Language of Urology