Question 1

Factors affecting medical care demand include

Accepted Answer

All of the factors mentioned (health status, demographic characteristics, economic standing, and physician factors) can affect the demand for medical care. Health status determines the need for medical care, while demographic factors such as age and gender also affect demand. Economic standing can influence access to medical care, as those with lower incomes may have more difficulty accessing and affording care. Physician factors, such as availability and quality of care, can also impact demand for medical care.

Question 2

McKeown's (1976) research attributed the majority of the secular decline in mortality rates in Europe and North America to

Accepted Answer

McKeown's research emphasized that better nutrition and housing were the primary factors contributing to the decline in mortality rates, rather than medical advancements or other factors.

Question 3

The top ten causes of death in the United States in 2005 included all of the following but

Accepted Answer

AIDS was not among the top ten causes of death in the United States in 2005.

Question 4

If health care spending is already on the flat-of-the-curve, it may not be possible to buy improved health status by increasing spending.In this situation, the best way to improve health status may be to

Accepted Answer

If health care spending is already on the flat-of-the-curve, it means that increasing spending may not necessarily result in improved health outcomes. Therefore, the best way to improve health status may be to focus on prevention and lifestyle changes. Reducing smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use can have a significant impact on health status and can help to prevent chronic diseases. Moreover, lifestyle interventions are usually cost-effective, which can help to make healthcare more affordable and sustainable.

Question 5

A critical assumption in the model of demand and supply is the independence of demand and supply curves.If the two are not independent, a shift in the supply curve can lead to a shift in the demand curve referred to as

Accepted Answer

Supplier-induced demand occurs when changes in the supply of a product or service affect the demand for that product or service. This can occur when suppliers engage in advertising or promotion that influences the demand for their product or service, or when suppliers limit the supply of a product or service, leading to increased demand. Such phenomena suggest that the demand curve is not independent of the supply curve.

Question 6

Health care that actually harms the patient, such as an adverse reaction to a prescription drug is called

Accepted Answer

Iatrogenic disease refers to health care that harms the patient, such as an adverse reaction to a prescription drug.

Question 7

The RAND Health Insurance Study

Accepted Answer

The RAND Health Insurance Study was the most extensive controlled experiment in health insurance ever conducted in the United States, in which participants were randomly assigned to different health insurance plans. This allowed for a rigorous analysis of the effects of different types of health insurance coverage on medical care, utilization, and outcomes.

Question 8

The following diagram depicts the market for physicians' services that is originally in equilibrium at point a with demand and supply at D₀and S₀. As physician supply increases from S₀ to S₁, a concurrent shift in demand from D₀to D₁

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following diagram depicts the market for...

Question 9

Many economists consider medical care a superior good.Which of the following statements is true regarding a superior good?

Accepted Answer

A superior good is one that has an income elasticity of demand greater than one, meaning that as consumer income increases, a larger percentage of that income is spent on the good. Consumers want more of a superior good regardless of its price, but when the price of a superior good increases, consumers may either continue to demand it or switch to a substitute good if available.

Question 10

The number one cause of death in the United States among 25 to 44 year olds in 1998 was

Accepted Answer

In 1998, AIDS was the leading cause of death among individuals aged 25 to 44 in the United States, largely due to the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic during that period.

Question 11

The accompanying diagram depicts the relationship between health status and medical care spending for a particular country.Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The accompanying diagram depicts the relationship between...

Question 12

The concept quality-adjusted life year (QALY)

Accepted Answer

The concept of QALY is extensively used to evaluate medical care resource allocation within government-run programs on fixed budgets, especially in Europe. It is a way of measuring the effectiveness of healthcare interventions in terms of the quality and quantity of life they provide. It considers both the length and quality of life that a person can expect to experience, taking into account factors such as pain, functional status, and mental health. It is a valuable tool for decision-making in healthcare policy and resource allocation.

Question 13

A physician's ability to induce demand is greatly enhanced when

Accepted Answer

When patients have difficulty gathering and processing information, they rely more on the physician's expertise, which can enhance the physician's ability to induce demand for services.

Question 14

The number one cause of death in the United States in 1998 was

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), heart disease was the leading cause of death in the United States in 1998, accounting for approximately 725,000 deaths. AIDS, cancer, stroke, and homicide/accidents were all listed as causes of death, but did not surpass the number of deaths attributed to heart disease.

Quiz 5: The De Mand for Health and Medical Care