Question 1

The word uniform in the term uniform random numbers means
A)all the numbers have the same number of digits.
B)if one number is, say, 10 units above the mean, the next number will be 10 units below the mean.
C)all the numbers are odd or all are even.
D)each number has an equal probability of being drawn.

Accepted Answer

In the context of random number generation, "uniform" means that each possible number has an equal probability of being generated. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Options A, B, and C are not relevant to the concept of uniform random numbers.

Question 2

The process of determining that the computer procedure that performs the simulation calculations is logically correct is called
A)implementation.
B)validation.
C)verification.
D)repetition.

Accepted Answer

Verification is the process of ensuring that the computer procedures and simulations are logically correct and accurately represent the conceptual model they are intended to emulate. Validation, on the other hand, is about ensuring that the simulation accurately reflects the real-world system it is meant to simulate. Implementation refers to the actual coding and execution of the simulation, and repetition is not a term commonly associated with ensuring the correctness of simulation calculations.

Question 3

A simulation model used in situations where the state of the system at one point in time does not affect the state of the system at future points in time is called a
A)dynamic simulation model.
B)static simulation model.
C)steady-state simulation model.
D)discrete-event simulation model.

Accepted Answer

A static simulation model is used in situations where the state of the system at one point in time does not affect the state of the system at future points in time. This type of model assumes that the system is in a steady state and does not change over time. It is also known as a time-invariant simulation model. Other types of simulation models, such as dynamic simulation models and discrete-event simulation models, are used in situations where the state of the system changes over time.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the disadvantages of simulation?
A)Each simulation run only provides a sample of how the real system will operate.
B)The summary of the simulation data only provides estimates about the real system.
C)The process of developing a simulation model of a complex system can be time-consuming.
D)The larger the number of probabilistic inputs a system has, the less likely a simulation will provide the best approach for studying the system.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect as simulation is specifically designed to handle probabilistic inputs and models. In fact, simulation is the ideal way to study systems with large number of probabilistic inputs as it can handle the random variation in those inputs. Therefore, it is not a disadvantage of simulation.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the advantages of simulation?
A)Simulation is relatively easy to explain and understand.
B)Simulation guarantees an optimal solution.
C)Simulation models are flexible.
D)A simulation model provides a convenient experimental laboratory for the real system.

Accepted Answer

Simulation does not guarantee an optimal solution, instead it provides insights into the behavior and performance of a system under different conditions.

Question 6

A graphical tool that helps describe the logic of the simulation model is a
A)Gantt chart
B)histogram
C)flowchart
D)stem-and-leaf display

Accepted Answer

A flowchart is a graphical tool that uses symbols to represent different steps of a process and the flow of inputs and outputs. It is often used to represent the logic of a simulation model, as it helps to visually depict how the model works and how different variables interact. Gantt charts, histograms, and stem-and-leaf displays are not as commonly used for this purpose.

Question 7

Simulation
A)does not guarantee optimality.
B)is flexible and does not require the assumptions of theoretical models.
C)allows testing of the system without affecting the real system.
D)All of the alternatives are correct.

Accepted Answer

All of the alternatives are correct. Simulation can provide useful insights into complex systems, but it is important to note that it does not guarantee optimality. Additionally, simulation is flexible and does not require the assumptions of theoretical models, allowing for more realistic testing. Finally, simulation allows for testing of the system without affecting the real system, which can be particularly useful for risky or high-cost scenarios.

Question 8

Numerical values that appear in the mathematical relationships of a model and are considered known and remain constant over all trials of a simulation are
A)parameters.
B)probabilistic input.
C)controllable input.
D)events.

Accepted Answer

Parameters are numerical values that remain constant in the mathematical relationships of a model, and are not subject to variation in simulations. Probabilistic inputs are variables that are subject to chance and variability, while controllable inputs can be adjusted by the modeler to explore different scenarios. Events refer to specific occurrences within a simulation that may trigger changes in the model's behavior.

Question 9

If customer 2 has a service time of 1.6,and if customer 3 has an interarrival time of 1.1 and a service time of 2.3,when will customer 3's service be completed?
A)5.0
B)3.9
C)3.4
D)There is not enough information to answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If customer 2 has a service time...

Question 10

A simulation model uses the mathematical expressions and logical relationships of the
A)real system.
B)computer model.
C)performance measures.
D)estimated inferences.

Accepted Answer

A simulation model uses the mathematical expressions and logical relationships of the real system in order to simulate and predict its behavior. It is not based on computer models or estimated inferences, although performance measures can be used to evaluate the accuracy of the simulation.

Question 11

A value for probabilistic input from a discrete probability distribution
A)is the value given by the RAND() function.
B)is given by matching the probabilistic input with an interval of random numbers.
C)is between 0 and 1.
D)must be non-negative.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A value for probabilistic input from a...

Question 12

Values for the probabilistic inputs to a simulation
A)are selected by the decision maker.
B)are controlled by the decision maker.
C)are randomly generated based on historical information.
D)are calculated by fixed mathematical formulas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Values for the probabilistic inputs to a...

Question 13

The number of units expected to be sold is uniformly distributed between 300 and 500.If r is a random number between 0 and 1,then the proper expression for sales is
A)200(r)
B)r + 300
C)300 + 500(r)
D)300 + r(200)

Accepted Answer

The correct expression for sales, given a uniform distribution between 300 and 500, is 300 + r(200). This is because the range of sales is 200 (500 - 300), and the minimum sales number is 300. Multiplying the range (200) by a random number r between 0 and 1 and then adding the minimum value (300) scales the random number to the correct interval.

Question 14

Common features of simulations--generating values from probability distributions,maintaining records,recording data and summarizing results--led to the development of
A)Excel and Lotus.
B)BASIC, FORTRAN, PASCAL, and C.
C)GPSS, SIMSCRIPT, SLAM, and Arena
D)LINGO and The Management Scientist

Accepted Answer

GPSS, SIMSCRIPT, SLAM, and Arena are all simulation software programs that include features such as generating values from probability distributions, maintaining records, and summarizing results. Excel and Lotus are spreadsheet programs, while BASIC, FORTRAN, PASCAL, and C are programming languages that can be used for a variety of applications beyond simulation. LINGO and The Management Scientist are optimization software programs, not simulation programs.

Question 15

In order to verify a simulation model
A)compare results from several simulation languages.
B)be sure that the procedures for calculations are logically correct.
C)confirm that the model accurately represents the real system.
D)run the model long enough to overcome initial start-up results.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to verify a simulation model
A)compare...

Question 16

When events occur at discrete points in time
A)a simulation clock is required.
B)the simulation advances to the next event.
C)the model is a discrete-event simulation.
D)All of the alternatives are correct.

Accepted Answer

All of the alternatives (A, B, and C) are correct statements regarding discrete-point events in simulation. A simulation clock is necessary to keep track of the discrete times, the simulation advances from one event to another, and the model used is a discrete-event simulation.

Question 17

The process of generating probabilistic inputs and computing the value of the output is called
A)simulation.
B)verification.
C)validation.
D)implementation.

Accepted Answer

The process of generating probabilistic inputs and computing the value of the output is known as simulation. Simulation involves repeatedly running a model with a set of input parameters that are randomly generated based on their statistical distribution. The output produced by the model is then used to estimate the likelihood of different outcomes, given the range of input parameters. Therefore, option A is the best choice. Verification refers to the process of ensuring that the software or model has been developed correctly as per the specifications. Validation refers to the process of verifying the accuracy, reliability, and relevance of the model or software for the intended purpose. Implementation refers to the process of delivering the system or model to the end-users.

Question 18

A quantity that is difficult to measure with certainty is called a
A)risk analysis.
B)project determinant.
C)probabilistic input.
D)profit/loss process.

Accepted Answer

Probabilistic input refers to uncertain quantities that are difficult to measure with certainty, and are typically represented by a range of possible values and associated probabilities. Risk analysis and project determinants are related concepts, but do not specifically refer to difficult-to-measure quantities. Profit/loss process is a general term that does not accurately describe the concept in question.

Question 19

Simulation is an excellent technique to use when a situation is too complicated to use standard analytical procedures.

Accepted Answer

Simulation allows for modeling complex systems or processes to analyze their behavior and outcomes in a controlled environment. It is particularly useful when there are many variables or interactions between variables that make it difficult to use traditional analytical procedures.

Question 20

A table of uniformly distributed random numbers should be read
A)from left to right.
B)from top to bottom.
C)diagonally, starting from the top left corner and moving to the bottom right.
D)in any consistent sequence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A table of uniformly distributed random numbers...

Quiz 16: Simulation

The word uniform in the term uniform random numbers means

The process of determining that the computer procedure that performs the simulation calculations is logically correct is called

A simulation model used in situations where the state of the system at one point in time does not affect the state of the system at future points in time is called a

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the disadvantages of simulation?

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the advantages of simulation?

A graphical tool that helps describe the logic of the simulation model is a

Simulation

Numerical values that appear in the mathematical relationships of a model and are considered known and remain constant over all trials of a simulation are

If customer 2 has a service time of 1.6,and if customer 3 has an interarrival time of 1.1 and a service time of 2.3,when will customer 3's service be completed?

A simulation model uses the mathematical expressions and logical relationships of the

A value for probabilistic input from a discrete probability distribution

Values for the probabilistic inputs to a simulation

The number of units expected to be sold is uniformly distributed between 300 and 500.If r is a random number between 0 and 1,then the proper expression for sales is

Common features of simulations--generating values from probability distributions,maintaining records,recording data and summarizing results--led to the development of

In order to verify a simulation model

When events occur at discrete points in time

The process of generating probabilistic inputs and computing the value of the output is called

A quantity that is difficult to measure with certainty is called a

Simulation is an excellent technique to use when a situation is too complicated to use standard analytical procedures.

A table of uniformly distributed random numbers should be read