Question 1

According to Wallerstein, the nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core, periphery, and frontier.

Accepted Answer

According to Wallerstein, the nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core, periphery, and semi-periphery, not frontier.

Question 2

The labels First World, Second World, and Third World represent a common, if ethnocentric, way of categorizing nations.First World refers to the democratic West, which is traditionally conceived of as being in opposition to a Second World ruled by
A)folk economic and political models.
B)primitive neoliberalism.
C)Communism.
D)dictators.
E)imperialism.

Accepted Answer

The Second World is traditionally seen as being ruled by Communist governments, thus making option C the best choice.

Question 3

The seeds of industrial society were planted well before the 18^th century.For example, a knitting machine invented in England in 1589 was so far ahead of its time that it played a profitable role in factories two and three centuries later.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. The knitting machine invented in England in 1589 was ahead of its time and played a profitable role in factories two and three centuries later, indicating the seeds of industrial society were planted earlier than the 18th century.

Question 4

Trade and other economic relations between core and periphery disproportionately benefit capitalists in the core.

Accepted Answer

This is because the core countries typically have stronger economies and higher levels of industrialization, allowing them to set the terms for trade and extract more profits from the periphery. This perpetuates a cycle of dependency and unequal power relations between the two groups.

Question 5

The current world stratification system features a substantial contrast between capitalists and workers in the core nations, and workers on the periphery.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true as the current world stratification system features a significant gap between those who own and control the means of production (capitalists) and those who work for wages (workers) in the core nations, while workers on the periphery experience low wages, poor working conditions, and limited access to resources and opportunities.

Question 6

Sugar and cotton helped fuel the development of a capitalist world economy.

Accepted Answer

Sugar and cotton were both cash crops that were in high demand and became major exports from colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The profits from these crops were crucial to the development of capitalist economies in Europe and the United States.

Question 7

All of the following are true about neoliberalism EXCEPT that it
A)seeks to control costs by lowering wage expenses.
B)characterizes the type of policies designed by powerful international financial institutions.
C)has been spreading globally.
D)refers to a recent revival of economic liberalism.
E)is characterized by the policy that environmental protection and job safety are too important to be left unregulated.

Accepted Answer

Neoliberalism is actually characterized by the belief that environmental protection and job safety regulations should be reduced or eliminated, as they are seen as hindrances to free market competition.

Question 8

The Occupy movement, which began on Wall Street in New York and spread to other U.S.and Canadian cities, recognizes the disparity between the rich and the poor.Which of the following statements about U.S.wealth as of the year 2012 is NOT correct?
A)The top 1% of American households hold over one-third the nation's wealth.
B)The net worth of the top 1% is 288 times greater than the typical household's net worth.
C)The net worth of the top 1% compared to the typical household is the highest ratio on record.
D)The bottom 90% of income-earning households control half of all net worth.
E)74% of U.S.wealth growth in recent years has gone to the top 5%.

Accepted Answer

The statement "The bottom 90% of income-earning households control half of all net worth" is not correct. The correct statement is that the bottom 90% of income-earning households hold only 23% of the nation's wealth.

Question 9

Communism has two meanings, distinguished by how they are written.Small-c communism describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good.Large-C Communism
A)is just another version of neoliberalism but in disguise.
B)is an imperial doctrine to appropriate private capital for the sake of the survival of the state.
C)is Lenin's political theory of small-c communism.
D)refers to the social aspects of small-c communism.
E)was a political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrow capitalism and establish a form of communism such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union (the USSR) from 1917 to 1991.

Accepted Answer

Large-C Communism refers specifically to the political movement and doctrine seeking to overthrow capitalism and establish a form of communism, such as that which prevailed in the Soviet Union. This is distinguished from small-c communism, which refers more broadly to a social system in which property is owned by the community and people work for the common good.

Question 10

As this chapter's "Appreciating Anthropology" segment notes, around the world many contemporary nations are repeating-at an accelerated rate-the process of resource depletion that started in Europe and the United States during the Industrial Revolution.Fortunately, however,
A)this resource depletion is very localized, since extractive enterprises have been using new technologies that completely eliminate negative externalities.
B)the money made from this resource depletion always benefits the host communities and countries.
C)resource depletion now is more than 80 percent sustainable.
D)today's world has some environmental watchdogs-many of them anthropologists-who did not exist during the first centuries of the Industrial Revolution.
E)anthropologists are increasingly being consulted prior to the start of new resource extraction projects.

Accepted Answer

The best choice is D because it accurately states that today's world has environmental watchdogs, many of whom are anthropologists, who did not exist during the first centuries of the Industrial Revolution. This implies that there is greater awareness about the negative consequences of resource depletion and an increased effort to prevent it. Choices A, B, and C are all false statements that do not accurately reflect the current state of resource depletion. Choice E may be true in some cases, but there is no evidence to suggest that anthropologists are increasingly being consulted prior to the start of new resource extraction projects in general.

Question 11

In postsocialist Russia's initial changeover to capitalism, all of the following declined EXCEPT
A)the birth rate.
B)the poverty rate.
C)life expectancy.
D)the gross domestic product.
E)farm and industry subsidies.

Accepted Answer

In postsocialist Russia's initial changeover to capitalism, the poverty rate did not decline. In fact, it increased, leading to a significant rise in income inequality. The birth rate, life expectancy, gross domestic product, and farm and industry subsidies all declined during this period.

Question 12

According to Marx, the bourgeoisie is made up of the people who must sell their labor to survive.

Accepted Answer

According to Marx, the bourgeoisie refers to the class of people who own the means of production and capital, while the working class or proletariat consists of those who must sell their labor to survive.

Question 13

In anthropology, history, and literature, the field of postcolonial studies has gained prominence since the 1970s.Postcolonial refers to
A)the study of the interactions between European nations and the societies they colonized.
B)the period succeeding the slave trade.
C)a moral stance toward oppressed peoples.
D)the study of social movements that, instead of rejecting colonialism, actually embraced it and transformed it for their own benefit.
E)an up-and-coming subfield in sociology.

Accepted Answer

Postcolonial studies focus on examining the impact of European colonization on the cultures, societies, and histories of colonized regions. It looks at the power dynamics, relationships, and interactions between colonizers and the colonized, with an emphasis on how colonialism has shaped modern-day societies.

Question 14

The Industrial Revolution did not begin in France, because the French domestic manufacturing system could produce satisfactorily without innovating.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Industrial Revolution did not begin in...

Question 15

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" discusses outsourcing jobs to countries outside the United States.What is an outcome of this process?
A)decreased profits for U.S.corporations
B)an increase in union membership within the U.S.
C)corporations realizing the importance of workers' rights
D)fewer jobs in the U.S., as they are replaced by machines and outsourced jobs
E)more incentives for illegal immigration

Accepted Answer

Outsourcing jobs to countries outside the United States leads to fewer jobs in the US, as they are replaced by machines and outsourced jobs. This has become a common practice for many US corporations to cut costs, and as a result, it has led to a decrease in employment opportunities for American workers, particularly in manufacturing and customer service industries.

Question 16

Marx argued that socioeconomic stratification was based on the sharp and simple division between the successful Protestant industrialists and the poor Catholic peasantry.

Accepted Answer

Marx's theory of stratification had more to do with the relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, or capitalists and the working class, and was not solely based on religious affiliations.

Question 17

Neoliberalism is a new form of the old economic liberalism laid out in Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations (1776).To Smith, economic liberalism encouraged free enterprise and competition, with the goal of generating profits.However, this meaning of liberal
A)is a Protestant ideology.
B)varies depending on whether it refers to politics in a Western or non-Western context.
C)has no implications for the relationship between economics and the state.
D)is a more accurate use of the term than the one Americans typically hear in current talk radio.
E)is different from the one typically used in current U.S.politics, in which liberal is the opposite of conservative.

Accepted Answer

The question is specifically asking about the meaning of "liberal" in the context of economics and politics, and how it relates to neoliberalism. Option E correctly states that the meaning of "liberal" in this context is different from the common usage in current U.S. politics, where it is often used as the opposite of "conservative." This distinction is important in understanding the ideology of neoliberalism, which emphasizes free market principles and limited government intervention in the economy.

Question 18

Who are indigenous peoples?
A)people who live in autonomous, independent nation-states
B)peasants who are of the same ethnicity as the ruling elite
C)original inhabitants of particular areas
D)any population living in a nation-state on the periphery of the world system
E)people who have emigrated to a new country

Accepted Answer

Indigenous peoples are the original inhabitants of particular areas, often with distinctive cultural, historical, and linguistic characteristics. They have typically experienced marginalization, discrimination, and displacement due to settler colonialism and the expansion of nation-states.

Question 19

One consequence of the ongoing globalization of work and migration is that skilled Western workers must now compete against well-educated workers in such low-wage countries as India, where an experienced software programmer earns one-fifth the average salary of a comparable U.S.worker.

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects the reality of globalization, as skilled workers in low-wage countries become increasingly competitive with their counterparts in higher-wage countries.

Question 20

________ is the term for the physical destruction of ethnic groups by murder, warfare, and introduced diseases.
A)Sociocide
B)Ethnocide
C)Biocide
D)Genocide
E)Patricide

Accepted Answer

Genocide is the intentional and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group. This can involve acts of murder, warfare, and the intentional introduction of diseases to wipe out a particular group of people. Ethnicide, biocide, and sociocide are all related terms but are not as commonly used as genocide. Patricide refers specifically to the killing of one's own father.

Quiz 14: The World System and Colonialism

According to Wallerstein, the nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core, periphery, and frontier.

The labels First World, Second World, and Third World represent a common, if ethnocentric, way of categorizing nations.First World refers to the democratic West, which is traditionally conceived of as being in opposition to a Second World ruled by

The seeds of industrial society were planted well before the 18^th century.For example, a knitting machine invented in England in 1589 was so far ahead of its time that it played a profitable role in factories two and three centuries later.

Trade and other economic relations between core and periphery disproportionately benefit capitalists in the core.

The current world stratification system features a substantial contrast between capitalists and workers in the core nations, and workers on the periphery.

Sugar and cotton helped fuel the development of a capitalist world economy.

All of the following are true about neoliberalism EXCEPT that it

The Occupy movement, which began on Wall Street in New York and spread to other U.S.and Canadian cities, recognizes the disparity between the rich and the poor.Which of the following statements about U.S.wealth as of the year 2012 is NOT correct?

Communism has two meanings, distinguished by how they are written.Small-c communism describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good.Large-C Communism

As this chapter's "Appreciating Anthropology" segment notes, around the world many contemporary nations are repeating-at an accelerated rate-the process of resource depletion that started in Europe and the United States during the Industrial Revolution.Fortunately, however,

In postsocialist Russia's initial changeover to capitalism, all of the following declined EXCEPT

According to Marx, the bourgeoisie is made up of the people who must sell their labor to survive.

In anthropology, history, and literature, the field of postcolonial studies has gained prominence since the 1970s.Postcolonial refers to

The Industrial Revolution did not begin in France, because the French domestic manufacturing system could produce satisfactorily without innovating.

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" discusses outsourcing jobs to countries outside the United States.What is an outcome of this process?

Marx argued that socioeconomic stratification was based on the sharp and simple division between the successful Protestant industrialists and the poor Catholic peasantry.

Neoliberalism is a new form of the old economic liberalism laid out in Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations (1776) .To Smith, economic liberalism encouraged free enterprise and competition, with the goal of generating profits.However, this meaning of liberal

Who are indigenous peoples?

One consequence of the ongoing globalization of work and migration is that skilled Western workers must now compete against well-educated workers in such low-wage countries as India, where an experienced software programmer earns one-fifth the average salary of a comparable U.S.worker.

________ is the term for the physical destruction of ethnic groups by murder, warfare, and introduced diseases.

Quiz 14: The World System and Colonialism

According to Wallerstein, the nations in the world system can be classified into three types: core, periphery, and frontier.

The labels First World, Second World, and Third World represent a common, if ethnocentric, way of categorizing nations.First World refers to the democratic West, which is traditionally conceived of as being in opposition to a Second World ruled by

The seeds of industrial society were planted well before the 18th century.For example, a knitting machine invented in England in 1589 was so far ahead of its time that it played a profitable role in factories two and three centuries later.

Trade and other economic relations between core and periphery disproportionately benefit capitalists in the core.

The current world stratification system features a substantial contrast between capitalists and workers in the core nations, and workers on the periphery.

Sugar and cotton helped fuel the development of a capitalist world economy.

All of the following are true about neoliberalism EXCEPT that it

The Occupy movement, which began on Wall Street in New York and spread to other U.S.and Canadian cities, recognizes the disparity between the rich and the poor.Which of the following statements about U.S.wealth as of the year 2012 is NOT correct?

Communism has two meanings, distinguished by how they are written.Small-c communism describes a social system in which property is owned by the community and in which people work for the common good.Large-C Communism

As this chapter's "Appreciating Anthropology" segment notes, around the world many contemporary nations are repeating-at an accelerated rate-the process of resource depletion that started in Europe and the United States during the Industrial Revolution.Fortunately, however,

In postsocialist Russia's initial changeover to capitalism, all of the following declined EXCEPT

According to Marx, the bourgeoisie is made up of the people who must sell their labor to survive.

In anthropology, history, and literature, the field of postcolonial studies has gained prominence since the 1970s.Postcolonial refers to

The Industrial Revolution did not begin in France, because the French domestic manufacturing system could produce satisfactorily without innovating.

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" discusses outsourcing jobs to countries outside the United States.What is an outcome of this process?

Marx argued that socioeconomic stratification was based on the sharp and simple division between the successful Protestant industrialists and the poor Catholic peasantry.

Neoliberalism is a new form of the old economic liberalism laid out in Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations (1776) .To Smith, economic liberalism encouraged free enterprise and competition, with the goal of generating profits.However, this meaning of liberal

Who are indigenous peoples?

One consequence of the ongoing globalization of work and migration is that skilled Western workers must now compete against well-educated workers in such low-wage countries as India, where an experienced software programmer earns one-fifth the average salary of a comparable U.S.worker.

________ is the term for the physical destruction of ethnic groups by murder, warfare, and introduced diseases.

The seeds of industrial society were planted well before the 18^th century.For example, a knitting machine invented in England in 1589 was so far ahead of its time that it played a profitable role in factories two and three centuries later.