Question 1

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi.Based on this information,you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.
A)digest proteins more efficiently
B)develop gallstones.
C)lose weight rapidly
D)absorb vitamins more rapidly

Accepted Answer

The temporary loss of villi will affect the absorption of nutrients from the small intestine. This will lead to a decrease in the absorption of nutrients, which will result in a loss of weight.

Question 2

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____,tiny,finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.
A)arteries
B)neurons
C)villi
D)lacteals

Accepted Answer

Villi are the tiny finger-like structures that line the small intestine and are responsible for absorbing nutrients from food. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, neurons are nerve cells that transmit signals throughout the body, and lacteals are small lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that aid in the absorption of fats.

Question 3

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called
A)segmentation.
B)lipolysis.
C)peristalsis.
D)gluconeogenesis.

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis is the involuntary muscular movement that propels food from the back of the mouth through the esophagus and into the stomach. Segmentation refers to the mixing of food in the small intestine, lipolysis is the breakdown of fats, and gluconeogenesis is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Question 4

Last night,Sara ate French fries,fried fish,and creamy cole slaw.For dessert,she had a chocolate milk shake.About an hour after eating this food,she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain.Based on this information,Sara probably has
A)gallstones.
B)colitis.
C)aneurysms.
D)constipation.

Accepted Answer

The high-fat meal Sara consumed can trigger gallstone attacks, leading to severe abdominal pain.

Question 5

Chyme moves from the stomach into the
A)jejunum.
B)ileum.
C)duodenum.
D)colon.

Accepted Answer

Chyme moves from the stomach into the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.

Question 6

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?
A)Bile salts
B)Chyme
C)Gastric juice
D)Saliva

Accepted Answer

Gastric juice is a combination of hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and mucus that is secreted by the stomach lining to aid in the digestion of food. Bile salts are secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder to aid in the digestion of fats. Chyme is a mixture of partially digested food and stomach secretions that moves into the small intestine. Saliva is secreted in the mouth to begin the digestion of carbohydrates.

Question 7

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter
A)lacteals within the villi.
B)chyme.
C)the gastroesophageal sphincter.
D)special cells lining the hepatic portal vein.

Accepted Answer

Lipids are absorbed into the lacteals within the villi of the small intestine and are then transported into the lymphatic system as chylomicrons. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because chyme is a mixture of food and gastric juices in the stomach, the gastroesophageal sphincter is a muscular ring that prevents stomach contents from entering the esophagus, and special cells lining the hepatic portal vein are involved in the transport of nutrients and toxins to the liver.

Question 8

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.
A)jejunum
B)duodenum
C)ileum
D)colon

Accepted Answer

The jejunum is the second segment of the small intestine, following the duodenum. It is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption.

B) duodenum 
 Although the duodenum is the first segment of the small intestine, it is not the answer to this question.

C) ileum 
 The ileum is the final segment of the small intestine, and while it is important for the absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts, it is not the answer to this question.

D) colon 
 The colon is part of the large intestine, not the small intestine.

Question 9

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked.Based on this information,his
A)lumen does not allow chyme to enter the small intestine.
B)intestinal tract does not absorb much fat.
C)ability to digest proteins is reduced.
D)hepatic portal vein can rupture.

Accepted Answer

Lacteals are small lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins. If they become blocked, the intestinal tract will not absorb much fat. This can lead to malabsorption and deficiency of essential nutrients. The other options are not directly related to the blockage of lacteals.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Heartburn often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.
B)Cystic fibrosis is an infectious disease that causes the muscles that control swallowing to malfunction.
C)A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes.
D)Hydrochloric acid (HCl)begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

Heartburn occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus due to the failure of the gastroesophageal sphincter (a muscular ring that controls the passage of food and prevents stomach acid from entering the esophagus) to close properly.

B is incorrect because cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the function of the exocrine glands, leading to the production of thick and sticky mucus that clogs the lungs and other organs. It does not affect the muscles that control swallowing.

C is incorrect because chyme (a semi-fluid mixture of partially digested food and digestive secretions, such as gastric juice) contains enzymes that help to break down food and does not protect the lining of the digestive tract.

D is incorrect because hydrochloric acid (HCl) is produced in the stomach and aids in the digestion of protein, not fats. The digestion of fats begins in the small intestine with the release of bile from the gallbladder and the action of pancreatic lipase.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true?
A)The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver.
B)Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.
C)Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents.
D)Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus.

Accepted Answer

As we age, our taste buds tend to naturally decline in number and sensitivity, which can affect our perception of flavors.

Question 12

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into
A)the hepatic portal vein.
B)chylomicrons.
C)the lumen.
D)lacteals.

Accepted Answer

Lipids are mostly absorbed into the intestinal cells and then incorporated into chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that transport lipids from the intestine to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is false?
A)Mucus protects the lining of the stomach.
B)Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
C)Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.
D)The sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste.

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis is a muscular contraction that moves food through the digestive system, but it is not directly related to the absorption of fat by the villi. Rather, peristalsis helps to mix food with digestive enzymes and move the resulting chyme through the small intestine.

Question 14

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?
A)Bile
B)Hydrochloric acid
C)Salivary amylase
D)Chyme

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the human stomach to aid in digestion. Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. Salivary amylase is produced in the mouth to help break down carbohydrates before they reach the stomach. Chyme is a mixture of partially digested food and stomach secretions that is produced in the stomach and moves into the small intestine for further digestion.

Question 15

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?
A)Gastric juice
B)Mucus
C)Bile
D)Hydrochloric acid

Accepted Answer

Bile is not secreted by the human stomach. It is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats. Gastric juice, mucus, and hydrochloric acid are all secreted by the stomach.

Question 16

Chyme is the
A)material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete.
B)large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream.
C)organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells.
D)semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.

Accepted Answer

Chyme is the semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach. It is a mixture of partially digested food, stomach acid, and digestive enzymes.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?
A)The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
B)The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine.
C)The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system.
D)Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than fat people.

Accepted Answer

The pyloric sphincter is located at the bottom of the stomach and regulates the amount and rate of chyme that enters the small intestine. Option B is incorrect as the esophagus connects the mouth to the stomach and not the small intestine. Option C is incorrect as nutrient absorption mostly occurs in the small intestine, not the colon. Option D is incorrect as obesity is a risk factor for gallstones.

Question 18

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?
A)Pituitary
B)Liver
C)Pancreas
D)Gallbladder

Accepted Answer

The pancreas produces and secretes enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and proteases, that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for proper digestion. The pituitary gland produces and secretes hormones; the liver produces bile; and the gallbladder stores and releases bile, which aids in the digestion of fats, but these organs do not produce or secrete enzymes essential for digestion.

Question 19

The _____ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.
A)digestibility
B)essentiality
C)homeostasis
D)bioavailability

Accepted Answer

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of a nutrient that is able to be absorbed and used by the body. This is important to consider when evaluating the nutritional quality of a food.

Question 20

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?
A)Voice box
B)Tongue
C)Pharynx
D)Epiglottis

Accepted Answer

The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the opening of the trachea during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the lungs.

Quiz 4: Body Basics

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi.Based on this information,you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____,tiny,finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

Last night,Sara ate French fries,fried fish,and creamy cole slaw.For dessert,she had a chocolate milk shake.About an hour after eating this food,she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain.Based on this information,Sara probably has

Chyme moves from the stomach into the

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked.Based on this information,his

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

Chyme is the

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

The _____ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?