Question 1

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.

Accepted Answer

RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) is the amount of a nutrient that meets the nutrient requirements of about 97-98% of healthy individuals in a specific age and gender group. Therefore, the amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the RDA for vitamin C. EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) is the amount of a nutrient that meets the nutrient requirements of about 50% of healthy individuals in a specific age and gender group. UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level) is the highest amount of a nutrient that most people can consume daily without any risk of adverse effects. %DV (Percent Daily Value) is the percentage of the nutrient's recommended intake per day that a serving of food provides based on a 2,000 calorie diet.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The RDA for vitamin E is set high enough to meet the needs of nearly all healthy individuals, so if you consume the recommended intake, you are unlikely to develop a deficiency. Option A is false, as not meeting the RDA for vitamin C does not necessarily mean you will develop a deficiency disease. Option B is partly true, as MyPlate is a tool for promoting healthy eating patterns, but it is not used as a standard for assessing nutrient adequacy. Option C is also partly true, as Daily Values are used on nutrition labels to help consumers make informed food choices, but they are not used by dietitians to determine the nutritional adequacy of diets.

Question 3

Josh was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much thiamin cures beriberi,the vitamin's deficiency disease.During the study,Josh consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete,except it did not contain thiamin.Within a few weeks,Josh developed beriberi.At that point,researchers gave 0.20 mg thiamin to Josh each day for a week,but his signs and symptoms of beriberi remained.In the weeks that followed,the scientists continued to increase Josh's intake of the vitamin by 0.2 mg/week.After a week of taking 0.6 mg of thiamin/day,Josh reported feeling much better.Based on this information,the researchers concluded that Josh's

Accepted Answer

Based on the given information, Josh's requirement for thiamin was 0.6 mg/day. This is because his signs and symptoms of beriberi remained when given only 0.20 mg thiamin/day, but improved when his intake was increased to 0.6 mg/day. Therefore, his body required at least 0.6 mg thiamin/day to cure the deficiency disease. The other options are not supported by the given information.

Question 4

A nutrient requirement is

Accepted Answer

A nutrient requirement is defined as the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a particular level of nutritional health. It is the level of intake necessary to prevent nutrient deficiencies and maintain normal physiological function.

Question 5

A group of 50 adult male humans were in a clinical study to determine how much niacin is toxic.During the first two weeks of the study,members of the group consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete,except it contained 24 mg niacin,which is 1.5 times the RDA for niacin (males).At that point in the study,all members reported feeling fine,and they could function normally.During the next week,they were given a formula that contained 48 mg niacin.Within a few days of consuming this formula,90% of the participants reported feeling ill,and they complained of having upset stomachs and reddened facial skin.At that point,researchers gave the subjects a formula that contain 16 mg niacin.After a week of consuming the new formula,all participants reported feeling well again.Based on this information,the researchers concluded that the

Accepted Answer

The study showed that a consumption of 48 mg of niacin caused 90% of the participants to feel ill, indicating that this was likely the upper limit (UL) of safe niacin consumption. Therefore, choice B is the best answer. The study did not provide enough information to determine the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) or Average Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for niacin, and the fact that the participants felt well consuming 16 mg of niacin does not necessarily mean that this is the human requirement for niacin.

Question 6

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for awhile.Based on this information,she is likely to refer to _____ when developing the new formula.

Accepted Answer

The DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes) provide guidance on the nutrient needs of different populations and can help ensure that the formula diet is nutritionally complete. The Dietary Guidelines (2010 version) and MyPlate are more appropriate for general healthy eating recommendations for the general population, not for a specialized formula for those who cannot consume solid food. %DVs (Percent Daily Values) are also more appropriate for evaluating the nutrient content of packaged foods, rather than formulating a complete nutritionally balanced diet.

Question 7

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving.According to MyPlate,these drinks should be classified as

Accepted Answer

According to MyPlate, sugar-sweetened beverages like orange-flavored soft drinks are considered to be sources of "empty calories," meaning they provide calories but very little nutritional value. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 8

One day,Hillary ate snacks that included peanut butter on crackers,a bowl of chocolate pudding,a sugar-sweetened soft drink,and a hard-cooked egg.According to MyPlate,which of these foods is a major source of empty calories in Americans' diets?

Accepted Answer

According to MyPlate, sugar-sweetened beverages, like soft drinks, are a major source of empty calories in Americans' diets. These drinks provide little to no nutritional value but are high in calories from added sugars. Therefore, choosing water, unsweetened tea, or other low-calorie beverages can help reduce empty calorie intake. In this case, the soft drink is the best choice to avoid.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The Estimated Energy Requirement is an estimate of the average daily energy intake needed to maintain energy balance in healthy individuals. However, individual energy needs can vary based on factors such as age, sex, weight, height, and physical activity level. Therefore, some people may have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement. Option A is false because RDAs have not been established for some essential nutrients, such as choline. Option C is false because consuming 95% of the RDA for iron is considered adequate, not deficient. Option D is false because the Tolerable Upper Intake Level is the highest amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without causing toxicity, so consuming less than this amount would not lead to toxicity.

Question 10

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)is the

Accepted Answer

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level) is the highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of toxicity for almost all individuals in the general population. Regularly consuming more than the UL for a nutrient can lead to toxicity disorders. The other statements are not true: A) Dietitians usually rely on more robust methods than Daily Values to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets, B) 50% of the EAR would likely not be sufficient for most Americans to avoid nutrient deficiency disorders, and C) meeting the EER (Estimated Energy Requirement) does not always result in weight gain or loss - it is simply a measure of the energy (calorie) needs of an individual based on various factors like age, sex, and physical activity level.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Nutritional standards, such as the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), are commonly used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The statement about the RDA for vitamin E is true. The RDA for vitamin C is not a guarantee that a deficiency disease will be prevented, and dietitians use the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) rather than MyPyramid or Daily Values to assess nutrient adequacy.

Question 14

According to Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010,healthy people who are less than 51 years of age and are not African American should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg/day.

Accepted Answer

According to Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, healthy people who are less than 51 years of age and are not African American should limit their sodium intake to 2300 mg/day.

Question 15

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who need to boost their nutrient intakes.Which of the following is a dietary standard that he is likely to use to develop the new formula?

Accepted Answer

RDAs (Recommended Dietary Allowances) provide specific nutrient recommendations for healthy individuals based on age, gender, and life stage. This standard is commonly used by nutrition scientists to develop nutritionally complete diets, including formula diets. While %DVs (Percent Daily Values), Dietary Guidelines, and MyPlate are useful resources for developing a healthy diet, they do not provide specific nutrient recommendations for individuals.

Question 16

Recently,Miriah participated in a study that was designed to determine how much iron is necessary to prevent iron deficiency.Within a few weeks of consuming an iron-free diet,Miriah's red blood cells began to show signs that they lacked iron,and she began to complain about feeling tired.At that point,the researcher added some iron to Miriah's food,so her daily intake of the mineral would be 1 mg.After 1 week,the researchers checked the iron content of Miriah's blood,and although it was higher than the earlier value,she still complained about feeling tired.In the weeks that followed,the scientists continued to increase Miriah's iron intake by 1 mg/week and check her for signs and symptoms of iron deficiency.After a week of taking 6 mg of iron/day,she reported feeling like "her old self" and having plenty of energy.Based on this information,the researchers concluded that Miriah's

Accepted Answer

The researchers concluded that Miriah's body required 6 mg of iron per day to prevent iron deficiency and alleviate symptoms such as fatigue. This means that her requirement for iron is 6 mg/day, making choice C the correct answer. The other options are not supported by the information given in the passage. There is no mention of an UL or AMDR for iron, and the RDA for iron is the amount needed to meet the needs of nearly all (97-98%) individuals in a population group, which may vary by age, sex, and life stage. The study did not aim to determine the RDA for iron, but rather the amount needed to prevent iron deficiency in one individual.

Question 17

Kevin was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much niacin cures pellagra,the niacin deficiency disease.During the study,he consumed only a formula diet that was deficient in niacin.After developing pellagra,he was given 2 mg of niacin a day for 2 weeks,but he still suffered from the disease,so the scientists added 2 mg of the vitamin to Kevin's formula.By the beginning of the 5th week of the study,the researchers noticed that Kevin's signs and symptoms were greatly improved.At the end of the 5th week,he was feeling fine.The researchers concluded that

Accepted Answer

The researchers concluded that Kevin's niacin requirement was about 4 mg a day based on the fact that his symptoms improved with a daily intake of 4 mg (2 mg supplement plus 2 mg added to his formula) after not responding to a 2 mg supplement alone. However, this study is specific to Kevin's individual needs and cannot be generalized to establish an RDA or AI for niacin for the general population.

Question 18

The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the

Accepted Answer

The Tolerable Upper Limit (UL) for a nutrient is the highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily. It is not the minimum amount, the amount that meets the nutrient needs of 98% of the population, or the precise amount that cures the nutrient's deficiency disorder in humans.

Question 19

To establish a nutrient's RDA,nutrition scientists add _____ of the nutrient to its EAR.

Accepted Answer

To establish an RDA, nutrition scientists add a "margin of safety" amount to the EAR to account for individual variations and ensure that almost all individuals in a population meet their nutrient needs. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 20

A team of scientists determines that 50% of healthy women who are between 19 and 30 years of age need 40 mg of a vitamin to prevent developing the vitamin's deficiency disorder.Based on this information,the

Accepted Answer

The scientists can use this information to determine the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for the vitamin. The RDA is the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals within a specific age and gender group. However, this information does not provide any information about the potential side effects or toxicity of consuming higher levels of the vitamin. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect.

Quiz 3: Making More Nutritious Choices

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.

Which of the following statements is true?

A nutrient requirement is

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for awhile.Based on this information,she is likely to refer to _____ when developing the new formula.

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving.According to MyPlate,these drinks should be classified as

One day,Hillary ate snacks that included peanut butter on crackers,a bowl of chocolate pudding,a sugar-sweetened soft drink,and a hard-cooked egg.According to MyPlate,which of these foods is a major source of empty calories in Americans' diets?

Which of the following statements is true?

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

According to Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010,healthy people who are less than 51 years of age and are not African American should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg/day.

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who need to boost their nutrient intakes.Which of the following is a dietary standard that he is likely to use to develop the new formula?

The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the

To establish a nutrient's RDA,nutrition scientists add _____ of the nutrient to its EAR.

A team of scientists determines that 50% of healthy women who are between 19 and 30 years of age need 40 mg of a vitamin to prevent developing the vitamin's deficiency disorder.Based on this information,the