Question 1

One in every _____ children in the United States develops cancer before the age of 19.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Cancer Society, the statistic is that one in every 330 children in the United States develops cancer before the age of 19. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Question 2

In recent research,psychological professionals were found to overdiagnose ADHD approximately _____ percent of the time,and regardless of the symptoms boys were diagnosed twice as often as girls.

Accepted Answer

The given options suggest that the overdiagnosis of ADHD is somewhere between 10% and 40%. Therefore, option B, 20%, seems to be the closest estimate. This highlights the potential bias towards diagnosing boys with ADHD and the need for further research to develop more accurate diagnostic criteria that do not rely on gender stereotypes.

Question 3

Marshall writes very slowly and his handwriting is virtually illegible.He also makes numerous spelling errors because of his inability to match up sounds and letters.Marshall likely suffers from _____.

Accepted Answer

Marshall's slow and illegible handwriting as well as frequent spelling errors suggest that he is suffering from dysgraphia, a learning disorder that affects a person's ability to write coherently. Dyspraxia and dyscalculia are not related to handwriting and spelling while dyslexia typically affects reading and language skills rather than specifically handwriting and spelling.

Question 4

Research indicates that it is unlikely learning disabilities:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that learning disabilities are not typically localized to a single, specific brain location but rather involve complex interactions across multiple brain regions and functions.

Question 5

Approximately _____ percent of children with a learning disability have a reading problem.

Accepted Answer

According to the National Center for Learning Disabilities, approximately 80% of children with a learning disability have a reading problem. This is often referred to as dyslexia, which can impact a child's ability to decode words, read fluently, and comprehend text.

Question 6

Terrence has a learning disability that involves difficulty in math computation.This disability is also known as a developmental arithmetic disorder.Identify Terrence's condition.

Accepted Answer

Terrence's condition, involving difficulty in math computation, is consistent with dyscalculia, which is a developmental arithmetic disorder. The other options (ADHD, dysgraphia, ASD) do not necessarily involve difficulty in math computation.

Question 7

A learning disability:

Accepted Answer

Learning disabilities are neurologically-based processing problems that affect the ability to understand or use spoken or written language, do math calculations, coordinate movements, or direct attention. They are not primarily caused by visual, hearing, or motor disabilities.

Question 8

Damon's teachers frequently complain that he disrupts his kindergarten class by fidgeting and moving about all the time.He does not pay any attention to what is being taught in class and behaves impulsively.Considering the presence of the tell-tale characteristics of inattention,hyperactivity,and impulsivity,Damon's pediatrician diagnosed him with _____ and put him on a combination of Ritalin and behavior therapy.

Accepted Answer

Damon's symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are classic indicators of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The treatment of choice for ADHD often involves a combination of medication (such as Ritalin) and behavioral therapy. OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder) and PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) are not consistent with the symptoms described, and EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) is a therapy used for PTSD and trauma-related disorders but is not typically used for ADHD.

Question 9

_____ is a disability in which children consistently show inattentiveness,hyperactivity,and/or impulsivity over a period of time.Some children show a combination of these symptoms.

Accepted Answer

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children and is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms must persist for at least six months and cause significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) is a disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts or obsessions and repetitive behaviors that patients feel compelled to perform. PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) is a disorder that occurs in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event and is characterized by symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares, and avoidance behaviors. EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a therapeutic technique used to treat PTSD and other disorders, but it is not a disorder itself.

Question 10

Interventions with children who have a learning disability often focus on improving:

Accepted Answer

Reading ability is typically the main area of focus for interventions with children who have a learning disability, as it is often the most challenging skill for these children to develop. It is also a fundamental skill that is necessary for success in other areas of learning. While interventions may also address other skills, such as writing or math, improving reading ability is typically the priority.

Question 11

The number of children diagnosed and treated for ADHD has _____ in recent decades.

Accepted Answer

The number of children diagnosed and treated for ADHD has increased substantially in recent decades. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the prevalence of ADHD in children ages 4-17 has increased from 6.1% in 1997 to 10.2% in 2016. This represents a significant increase in diagnoses and treatment.

Question 12

Sabine has a severe impairment in reading and spelling ability.Identify the condition with which Sabine would most accurately be diagnosed.

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a condition that affects reading and spelling ability. It is a neurological disorder that affects the way the brain processes language. People with dyslexia often have difficulty decoding words, recognizing familiar words, and spelling accurately. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a separate condition that affects attention and hyperactivity, but not specifically reading and spelling ability. Dysgraphia is a condition that affects handwriting and fine motor skills, which may impact spelling ability, but it is not specific to reading. Dyscalculia is a condition that affects mathematical ability, not reading and spelling specifically.

Question 13

Of all children from 3 to 21 years of age in the United States,_____ percent received special education or related services in 2011-2012.

Accepted Answer

In the 2011-2012 school year, approximately 13 percent of children aged 3 to 21 in the United States received special education or related services.

Question 14

Sandra,9,was always behind in class because she could only write very slowly,and even then her painstaking efforts would be virtually illegible and riddled with spelling mistakes.Her teacher referred her to a psychologist who diagnosed her with a learning disability called:

Accepted Answer

Dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects handwriting ability and fine motor skills required for writing. It often leads to poor spelling, illegible writing, and slow writing speed. Hence, based on the given symptoms, the most appropriate learning disability diagnosis for Sandra would be dysgraphia.

Question 15

Which was the largest group of students with a disability to be served by federal programs and receive special education in the 2011-2012 school year?

Accepted Answer

Students with a learning disability were the largest group served by federal programs and received special education services during the 2011-2012 school year.

Question 16

About _____ as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About _____ as many boys as girls...

Question 17

Samuel,8,has difficulty in one or more basic numerical skills.His physician diagnosed him as suffering from a learning disability called _____,or developmental arithmetic disorder.

Accepted Answer

Samuel's difficulty in basic numerical skills indicates dyscalculia, which is a learning disability related to arithmetic and mathematics. Dysgraphia is related to writing and spelling, dyslexia is related to reading, and dyspraxia is related to motor skills.

Question 18

A number of causes for ADHD have been proposed,including:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown a correlation between cigarette and alcohol exposure during prenatal development and an increased risk for ADHD. Other potential causes, such as high birth weight, poor discipline at home, and abuse during childhood, have also been suggested but have not been as strongly supported by research.

Question 19

Lillette,9,has been diagnosed with _____,a cancer in which the bone marrow manufactures an abundance of abnormal white blood cells,which crowd out normal cells,making her susceptible to bruising and infection.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the scenario, including abnormal white blood cells crowding out normal cells, susceptibility to bruising and infection, are consistent with leukemia.

Question 20

One of the explanations for the gender difference in the identification of learning disabilities is that:

Accepted Answer

Boys are often identified with learning disabilities more frequently due to a greater biological vulnerability, which may include genetic and neurological factors.

Quiz 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood