Question 1

_____ is an area in the left temporal lobe of the brain that is involved in the comprehension of speech.
A) Broca's area
B) SMA area
C) Morton's area
D) Wernicke's area

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area is located in the left temporal lobe and is responsible for understanding and processing language. It is named after German neurologist Carl Wernicke.

Question 2

Kevin loves to say "da,da,da,da" over and over again.What type of communication is Kevin using?
A) Crying
B) Cooing
C) Babbling
D) Gesturing

Accepted Answer

Kevin is using babbling, which is the stage of vocal development where infants repeat consonant sounds like "da,da,da,da" to practice their vocal muscles and learn language patterns.

Question 3

Kuhel is a behaviorist.In the context of language development,he is most likely to believe that language is:
A) learned with the learning acquisition device.
B) a special skill that has emerged with biological evolution.
C) a skill controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain.
D) acquired through reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

As a behaviorist, Kuhel would believe that language is acquired through reinforcement, which is the process of encouraging or discouraging certain behaviors through rewards or punishments. In other words, language is learned through experiences of being rewarded for using certain words or phrases correctly and being corrected or reprimanded for using them incorrectly. This is consistent with the behaviorist perspective that emphasizes the role of external environmental factors in shaping behavior.

Question 4

Mariah has suffered damage to the left frontal lobe of her brain.When she tries to speak,she struggles to produce words and is unable to say them correctly.Mariah has sustained injury to the:
A) Broca's area.
B) Wernicke's area.
C) SMA area.
D) Morton's area.

Accepted Answer

Damage to Broca's area, located in the left frontal lobe, can result in difficulty with speech production, including struggles to generate words and difficulty with pronunciation. This type of impairment is known as Broca's aphasia.

Question 5

_____ is an area in the left frontal lobe of the brain that is involved in speech production.
A) Broca's area
B) Wernicke's area
C) Morton's area
D) SMA area

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is a region of the left frontal lobe of the brain that is located in the posterior portion of the inferior frontal gyrus. It is responsible for the production of speech and language processing. Damage to Broca's area can result in Broca's aphasia, which is characterized by difficulty speaking fluently but with preserved comprehension.

Question 6

A loss or impairment of language ability caused by brain injury is called _____.
A) dysphagia
B) aphasia
C) autism
D) mutism

Accepted Answer

Aphasia is the loss or impairment of language ability caused by brain injury. Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing, autism is a developmental disorder impacting social communication and mutism is the inability to speak.

Question 7

Baby Luis interacts with his grandma and makes gurgling sounds in the back of his throat to express pleasure.This demonstrates _____.
A) talking
B) babbling
C) crying
D) cooing

Accepted Answer

Cooing is the sound that babies make to express pleasure and contentment, often by making gurgling or cooing noises in the back of their throat. This is different from babbling or talking, which involve more structured and intentional sounds made with the mouth and tongue. Crying, on the other hand, is used to express discomfort, hunger, or other negative emotions.

Question 8

11-month-old Maya points to her cup when she wants some water to drink.Maya's behavior:
A) is considered slow for her age; she should be using simple words by this time.
B) is considered appropriate for her age.
C) is considered advanced for her age; most children do not point until after 12 months.
D) should be discouraged so that she will learn to speak.

Accepted Answer

Pointing to communicate a desire or need is a typical behavior for an 11-month-old and is considered appropriate for their age. It is not expected for children to use simple words at this stage, but they may babble and say some simple sounds. Maya's behavior shows that she is developing appropriate communication skills at this stage of her development. It is important to encourage and support her communication efforts, rather than discouraging them to push her to speak earlier.

Question 9

Kyoko is 13 months old and can understand about 50 words but can say only about 10 words.This demonstrates how Kyoko's _____ vocabulary is more developed than her _____ vocabulary.
A) expressive; spoken
B) spoken; receptive
C) receptive; spoken
D) spoken; expressive

Accepted Answer

Kyoko's understanding of words shows her receptive vocabulary is more developed than her spoken vocabulary. Receptive vocabulary is the number of words a person understands when they hear or read them, while expressive vocabulary refers to the words a person can use when speaking or writing. Since Kyoko can understand 50 words, but only say 10, her receptive (understanding) vocabulary is more developed than her spoken (expressive) vocabulary.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about first words is NOT correct?
A) Infants recognize their name by the age of 3 months.
B) Children understand more words than they can speak.
C) By 18 months,most children have a spoken vocabulary of about 50 words.
D) A child's first words usually include greeting terms.

Accepted Answer

Infants typically recognize their name by around 5 to 6 months, not as early as 3 months.

Question 11

Two-year-old Sarai uses the word "doll" to refer to her own Cabbage Patch doll but does not use the word to refer to her sister's Barbie doll.Sarai's error is known as:
A) underextension.
B) telegraphic speech.
C) private speech.
D) overextension.

Accepted Answer

Underextension is when a child uses a word too narrowly and applies it only to a specific example of a broader category. In this case, Sarai is using the word "doll" to refer only to her own Cabbage Patch doll, but not to her sister's Barbie doll, which is also a type of doll. This shows that Sarai is underextending the word "doll."

Question 12

Many experts believe that humans acquired language about _____ years ago.
A) 2,000,000
B) 1,000,000
C) 500,000
D) 100,000

Accepted Answer

Most experts believe that humans acquired language approximately 100,000 years ago, based on evidence from genetic, archaeological, and anthropological studies.

Question 13

Linguist Noam Chomsky said that children are born into the world with a _____,a biological endowment that enables the child to detect certain features and rules of language,including phonology,syntax,and semantics.
A) language acquisition device
B) biological language center
C) primary language center
D) biological language device

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky coined the term "language acquisition device" to refer to the innate ability of children to acquire language. It is a hypothesized structure in the brain that facilitates the learning of language and includes phonology, syntax, and semantics.

Question 14

Child-directed speech is the:
A) ability of parents to understand their children's holographic speech.
B) unique way that parents (and others)talk to babies.
C) continual correcting of children's syntax by parents.
D) special way parents speak to each other in front of their children.

Accepted Answer

Child-directed speech is a special way that parents and caregivers talk to babies and young children that involves using simpler sentence structures, higher pitch, exaggerated intonation, and repetitive language. It is also sometimes called "motherese" or "parentese."

Question 15

At birth,infants communicate by _____.
A) cooing
B) crying
C) gestures
D) babbling

Accepted Answer

Crying is the primary way that infants communicate at birth. They cry to express their needs, such as hunger, discomfort, or the need for sleep. While cooing and babbling may occur shortly after birth, they are not as common or consistent as crying as a means of communication. Gestures, such as pointing or waving, typically develop later in infancy.

Question 16

As an infant,Mary suffered damage to _____ of her brain.This injury severly affected her comprehension abilities.Even though her speech is fluent it remains incomprehensible.
A) Broca's area
B) SMA area
C) Morton's area
D) Wernicke's area

Accepted Answer

The answer of As an infant,Mary suffered damage to _____...

Question 17

Two-year-old Max says the word "bunny" for a large hamster and a white rat.Max's error is known as:
A) telegraphic speech.
B) underextension.
C) aphasia.
D) overextension.

Accepted Answer

Max's error is overextension, which is when a child's use of a word is too broad and they apply it to more objects than it actually represents. In this case, Max is using the word "bunny" to refer not just to rabbits but also to a hamster and a rat.

Question 18

"Want ice cream","Fall down",and "Mommy give cookie" are all examples of:
A) holophrases.
B) repetitive speech patterns.
C) telegraphic speech.
D) reflexive speech patterns.

Accepted Answer

These statements are examples of telegraphic speech, which involves using short, simple sentences that leave out nonessential words (i.e. "I want ice cream," "I fell down," "Mommy, can you give me a cookie?"). Holophrases are one-word phrases that toddlers use to convey a complete thought (i.e. "Mama" for "I want my mother"). Repetitive speech patterns and reflexive speech patterns are not accurate descriptions of these statements.

Question 19

The rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary starting at about 18 months of age is called:
A) the secular trend.
B) telegraphic speech.
C) the vocabulary spurt.
D) phonetic advancement.

Accepted Answer

The rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary starting at about 18 months of age is called the vocabulary spurt. During this period, children learn new words at a faster rate than they did before, and begin to acquire language at a more accelerated pace. This is a significant developmental milestone, and is often seen as a sign of a child's increasing linguistic competence.

Question 20

A study of young children living in low-income families found that _____ when predicting the vocabulary development of children.
A) the amount of maternal talk was less important than maternal literacy skills
B) the amount of maternal talk was more important than the amount of paternal talk
C) nutrition and SES were more important than the amount of maternal talk or maternal literacy skills
D) attending preschool or Head Start was more important than paternal talk but less important than maternal talk

Accepted Answer

The study found that maternal literacy skills were more important than the amount of maternal talk when predicting vocabulary development in young children living in low-income families.

Quiz 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy

_____ is an area in the left temporal lobe of the brain that is involved in the comprehension of speech.

Kevin loves to say "da,da,da,da" over and over again.What type of communication is Kevin using?

Kuhel is a behaviorist.In the context of language development,he is most likely to believe that language is:

Mariah has suffered damage to the left frontal lobe of her brain.When she tries to speak,she struggles to produce words and is unable to say them correctly.Mariah has sustained injury to the:

_____ is an area in the left frontal lobe of the brain that is involved in speech production.

A loss or impairment of language ability caused by brain injury is called _____.

Baby Luis interacts with his grandma and makes gurgling sounds in the back of his throat to express pleasure.This demonstrates _____.

11-month-old Maya points to her cup when she wants some water to drink.Maya's behavior:

Kyoko is 13 months old and can understand about 50 words but can say only about 10 words.This demonstrates how Kyoko's _ vocabulary is more developed than her _ vocabulary.

Which of the following statements about first words is NOT correct?

Two-year-old Sarai uses the word "doll" to refer to her own Cabbage Patch doll but does not use the word to refer to her sister's Barbie doll.Sarai's error is known as:

Many experts believe that humans acquired language about _____ years ago.

Linguist Noam Chomsky said that children are born into the world with a _____,a biological endowment that enables the child to detect certain features and rules of language,including phonology,syntax,and semantics.

Child-directed speech is the:

At birth,infants communicate by _____.

As an infant,Mary suffered damage to _____ of her brain.This injury severly affected her comprehension abilities.Even though her speech is fluent it remains incomprehensible.

Two-year-old Max says the word "bunny" for a large hamster and a white rat.Max's error is known as:

"Want ice cream","Fall down",and "Mommy give cookie" are all examples of:

The rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary starting at about 18 months of age is called:

A study of young children living in low-income families found that _____ when predicting the vocabulary development of children.