Question 1

___________________________________ is/are a disability in which children consistently show one or more of the following characteristics over a period of time: inattention,hyperactivity,and impulsivity.

Accepted Answer

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, whereas dyslexia is a reading disability and Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder.

Question 2

While at a dinner party,you overhear a conversation in which a mother is describing her hyperactive son.She says that the drug treatment they have him on is

Accepted Answer

Ritalin is a medication commonly prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. It is a stimulant that helps to increase focus and attention while reducing hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. The other medication options listed (aspirin, Prozac, and Valium) are not typically used for the treatment of ADHD.

Question 3

The first signs of ADHD may be present in

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5, symptoms of ADHD must be present before the age of 12, and often first appear in preschool years. While some symptoms may be present in infancy, they are typically not recognized as signs of ADHD until later. Symptoms may persist and become more noticeable in elementary and high-school years, but the onset of symptoms usually occurs before age 7. B is the best choice because it reflects the earliest possible age range for the onset of ADHD symptoms.

Question 4

Definite causes of ADHD

Accepted Answer

Despite extensive research, no definite cause of ADHD has been found yet. There may be a combination of genetic, environmental, and developmental factors that contribute to the disorder. While factors like maternal age, paternal health, and household toxins may play a role, they have not been identified as definitive causes.

Question 5

The writing of a child with a learning disability would most likely be all of the following,except

Accepted Answer

All of these options (slow handwriting style, virtually illegible writing, and numerous spelling errors) are commonly present in the writing of a child with a learning disability.

Question 6

Public Law __________,the Education for All Handicapped Children Act,required that all students with disabilities be given a free,appropriate public education and be provided the funding to help implement this education.

Accepted Answer

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act is also known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and was enacted in 1975 as Public Law 94-142. This law mandates that all students with disabilities be provided a free, appropriate public education and any necessary support services to help them succeed in school.

Question 7

Which is the most common problem of children with learning disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is the most common learning disability, affecting up to 10-15% of the population. ADD and ADHD are related conditions that can coexist with learning disabilities, but are not learning disabilities themselves. Mental retardation (now referred to as intellectual disability) is a separate condition characterized by significantly below average intellectual functioning and limitations in adaptive behavior.

Question 8

____________________________ is a category that is reserved for individuals who have a severe impairment in their ability to read and spell.

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that affects reading and spelling skills. It is characterized by difficulty with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a characteristic of children with a learning disability?

Accepted Answer

Not all children with learning disabilities have low IQ scores. In fact, many have average or above-average intelligence.

Question 10

About ____________ as many boys as girls are diagnosed with learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that boys are diagnosed with learning disabilities about three times as often as girls.

Question 11

A proposed cause of ADHD is

Accepted Answer

Cigarette and alcohol exposure during prenatal development, low birth weight, and delayed development of the brain's frontal lobes have all been proposed as possible causes of ADHD. Therefore, the best choice is D, all of these.

Question 12

Twelve-year-old Peter is excellent in math and is considered a good student in most other subject areas.Peter,however,has a very difficult time comprehending written text and is failing his reading class.Peter is best classified as

Accepted Answer

Peter's difficulty in comprehending written text despite being good in other subject areas and his failing reading class indicate a learning disability, specifically a difficulty with reading comprehension.

Question 13

Recent estimates are that autism spectrum disorders affect 1 child in __________ individuals.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the current estimate for autism spectrum disorder prevalence is approximately 1 in 150 children.

Question 14

Children with a learning disability often have difficulties in

Accepted Answer

Children with a learning disability may have difficulties in multiple areas, including handwriting, spelling, and composition.

Question 15

ADHD shows up more in

Accepted Answer

ADHD is diagnosed more in boys than in girls. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) lists male gender as one of the risk factors for ADHD. Studies also suggest that girls with ADHD may often go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed due to different symptoms and presentation.

Question 16

More boys than girls are classified as having a learning disability.An explanation could be referral bias.In this case,what is referral bias?

Accepted Answer

Referral bias refers to the tendency of certain groups to be referred or identified for evaluation more often than others. In this case, teachers may refer more boys for evaluation of learning disabilities due to their behavior or academic performance, leading to a higher proportion of boys being classified as having a learning disability compared to girls. Option B suggests that teachers may be biased towards referring more boys with inappropriate behavior compared to girls for learning disability evaluation.

Question 17

Autism spectrum disorders would involve

Accepted Answer

Autism spectrum disorders involve all three of these core symptoms: communication problems, social problems, and repetitive behaviors.

Question 18

___________________________ is a stimulant,and for most individuals it speeds up the nervous system and behavior.However,in many children with ADHD it has the opposite effect.

Accepted Answer

Ritalin is a stimulant medication commonly used to treat ADHD. While it speeds up the nervous system and behavior in most individuals, it has the opposite effect in many children with ADHD, helping them to focus and control impulsive behaviors. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not fit the description provided.

Question 19

Children with learning disabilities have

Accepted Answer

Children with learning disabilities have difficulty in specific academic areas such as reading, writing, or math, despite having average or above-average intelligence. Their struggles are not due to a low IQ, a known organic cause, or unusual memory or spatial abilities.

Question 20

Which of the following does not characterize attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Accepted Answer

Low intelligence is not a characteristic of ADHD. While individuals with ADHD may struggle with focus, attention, and impulsivity, they can have average or above-average intelligence. The other choices, high levels of physical activity, distractibility, and short attention span, are all commonly associated with ADHD.

Quiz 16: Schools and Achievement