Question 1

Ethology describes motivation from a(n)

Accepted Answer

Ethology is a branch of biology that focuses on the study of animal behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Therefore, motivation is described from an evolutionary perspective. Option A is incorrect because psychoanalytic perspective focuses on unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences, while option D (humanistic perspective) emphasizes on individual growth and self-actualization. Option B (behaviorism perspective) deals with the study of the relationship between behavior and environmental factors.

Question 2

A major criticism of drive reduction theory is that

Accepted Answer

This is the best choice because drive reduction theory states that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce bodily tension and return to a state of homeostasis. However, sometimes people engage in behaviors that actually increase bodily tension and drives, such as engaging in risky activities like extreme sports or gambling. This suggests that drive reduction theory is not a complete explanation for all motivated behavior.

Question 3

The concept of _____ pertains to a psychological state, whereas _____ involves a physiological state.

Accepted Answer

Drive pertains to a psychological state, indicating a motivational state that propels an individual to fulfill a need. Need, on the other hand, involves a physiological state that arises from a deficiency or imbalance, such as the need for food, water, or sleep.

Question 4

The feeling of hunger that initiates the act of opening a refrigerator for food best represents a(n)

Accepted Answer

The feeling of hunger is a physiological need which creates a drive to obtain food. This drive pushes us to act in a way that reduces the unpleasant feelings of hunger. This type of drive is known as a biological drive or a primary drive. Options A, B, and D do not accurately describe the nature of the feeling of hunger.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the optimum arousal theory?

Accepted Answer

Optimum arousal theory states that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal. If arousal levels are too low, then performance will also be low. But if arousal levels are too high, the person may become too anxious or overwhelmed, which negatively affects performance. Therefore, moderate levels of arousal are considered optimal for peak performance.

Question 6

A(n) _____ is a physical or biological deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation.

Accepted Answer

A need is a biological or physiological requirement that has to be fulfilled for survival. This deprivation energizes the drive to do something about it, which in turn motivates behavior to remove the deficiency.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about instincts is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Instincts are not learned behavioral responses; they are innate and do not require prior experience or training.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of the drive reduction theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 9

According to drive reduction theory, the goal of drive reduction is

Accepted Answer

According to drive reduction theory, the goal of drive reduction is to maintain or restore homeostasis, which is the body's optimal functioning state. When a person experiences a physiological need or drive, such as hunger or thirst, they are motivated to take action to reduce or satisfy that need, which restores balance and stability to their internal environment. Thus, the reduction of the drive or need leads to the achievement of homeostasis. Self-actualization, self-determination, and elevated arousal are not directly related to drive reduction theory.

Question 10

Dan walks out of an air-conditioned room into the heat of a summer day, and after sometime his body releases excess heat by sweating.This is due to the body's tendency to maintain

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's tendency to maintain a stable and balanced internal environment. In this case, Dan's body is responding to the heat by sweating, which helps regulate his body temperature and maintain homeostasis. Intrinsic motivation, self-determination, and self-actualization are not relevant to this physiological response.

Question 11

Darrin is a good piano player.When he is alone and bored his arousal is low and he often gets distracted and makes mistakes.When he is in a recital with strangers, he sometimes gets too nervous and aroused and also makes mistakes.His best performances are typically at home when family and friends are nearby, and his arousal level is moderate.The variations in Darrin's performance can be best explained by the

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson law states that performance is best at an intermediate level of arousal, with both low and high levels leading to decreased performance. This explains Darrin's best performances occurring when his arousal level is moderate with family and friends nearby, and why he makes mistakes when his arousal is either too high or too low.

Question 12

Identify the true statement about cholecystokinin (CCK).

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that is released by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the food. Its primary function is to signal the brain to stop eating by promoting feelings of fullness and satiety. Therefore, choice D is the true statement about CCK.

Question 13

Whenever Olivia watches a television commercial featuring food, she is ridden by a desire to eat.These feelings of hunger stimulate Olivia to go to the kitchen to search for food.Olivia's behavior can be studied by conducting research in the area of

Accepted Answer

Olivia's behavior is being driven by a motivation to eat, making the study of motivation the most relevant area to explore. Intuition, sensation, and perception do not directly relate to Olivia's behavior of being motivated to search for food.

Question 14

A(n) _____ is an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need.

Accepted Answer

A drive is an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. A need is a lack or deprivation that energizes and directs behavior, but it is not inherently aroused. Instincts and reflexes are both innate behaviors that do not necessarily involve arousal or physiological need.

Question 15

You just ran a marathon in very hot weather and perspired heavily.According to drive reduction theory, your body will have a(n) _____ for water, which will produce a(n) _____ for water, which will lead to a(n) _____ to get water.

Accepted Answer

According to drive reduction theory, a physiological need (for water) creates a drive (thirst) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need (by drinking water).

Question 16

The body's tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or steady state, is known as

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. This is achieved through various feedback mechanisms that help the body adjust its systems and functions to maintain a state of balance or equilibrium. Neither equity nor catharsis nor homogeneity deals with the body's tendency to maintain such equilibrium.

Question 17

As a person exercises, the oxygen levels in his body begin to drop.Hence, the person begins to breathe more rapidly in order to ensure an adequate supply of oxygen to his cells.This increase in his breathing rate is an attempt to restore

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment. As the oxygen levels drop during exercise, the body responds by increasing breathing rate to restore a proper balance of oxygen in the body. This is an example of homeostasis. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately describe the body's response to decreased oxygen levels during exercise.

Question 18

Jenna is a talented singer.Her singing is commendable when she is well rehearsed and is performing with her school choir group.In such situations, she is moderately aroused and fairly relaxed.However, when Jenna's friends are around, she gets overly aroused and anxious.In such situations, she finds it hard to focus and often makes mistakes.Which of the following psychological principles can be used to explain the rationale behind Jenna's performance?

Accepted Answer

The Yerkes-Dodson law states that performance is best when arousal levels are moderate, and too much or too little arousal can result in decreased performance. Jenna's performance is commendable when she is moderately aroused with her school choir group, but when her friends are around, she becomes overly aroused and anxious, which leads to mistakes in her performance. This can be explained by the Yerkes-Dodson law.

Question 19

Motivated behavior is

Accepted Answer

Motivated behavior is energized in the sense that it is driven by an internal or external source of energy. It is directed towards a specific goal or outcome, and sustained for a period of time until the objective is achieved.

Question 20

When Cannon and Washburn measured stomach contractions with a balloon, they found that

Accepted Answer

Cannon and Washburn found that when subjects reported hunger, their stomachs were contracting. This suggests that hunger is associated with stomach contractions, which could be a signal to the brain that it's time to eat.

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion