Question 1

Most bullies in organizations are men, and men tend to be bullied more than women.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that while men are often the perpetrators of workplace bullying, women are more frequently the targets of such behavior.

Question 2

In Schwartz's model, conformity and tradition are in the same wedge, but conformity is seen as less extreme than tradition.

Accepted Answer

In Schwartz's model, conformity and tradition are both in the Conservation dimension wedge, but conformity is seen as less extreme than tradition.

Question 3

Openness to change is composed of self-direction and stimulation.

Accepted Answer

Openness to change is a personality trait that comprises multiple facets, including self-direction and stimulation. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 4

Self-enhancement is composed of power and achievement.

Accepted Answer

Self-enhancement is a psychological phenomenon in which individuals maintain a positive self-image by exaggerating their positive qualities and downplaying their negative qualities. Power and achievement are two key components of self-enhancement, as they are associated with feelings of competence and control.

Question 5

Schwartz's model can be useful in managing employees, but is not likely to be helpful in understanding oneself.

Accepted Answer

Schwartz's model, which outlines value priorities, can be useful in understanding one's own values and priorities, as well as in managing employees with differing values.

Question 6

Conservation is defined as independence of thought, action, and feelings and readiness for change.

Accepted Answer

This definition of conservation is incorrect. It may be more accurately described as resistance to change and a desire to maintain the status quo.

Question 7

The first step in combating bullying is to document the event in writing, particularly if the bully is your boss.

Accepted Answer

It is important to keep a record of bullying incidents, especially if the bully is in a position of authority, as this can be used as evidence when reporting the behavior to HR or a higher-up in the company.

Question 8

Values are rarely influenced by events that occurred during childhood; mostly, they are formed during adolescence and adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Values can be influenced by events that occurred during childhood as well as experiences during adolescence and adulthood. Childhood experiences can shape an individual's worldview and beliefs, which can impact their values. However, it is also true that values can continue to evolve and change throughout one's lifetime as they encounter new experiences and challenges.

Question 9

"Working longer and harder" is known as personal engagement.

Accepted Answer

Personal engagement refers to the emotional and cognitive commitment an individual has towards their work, not necessarily working longer or harder.

Question 10

Values are unstable and are likely to change over time and situations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Values are unstable and are likely to...

Question 11

Attitudes are our feelings or opinions about specific targets and range from negative to positive.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes can be either negative or positive, indicating our feelings or opinions towards specific targets.

Question 12

Personal attitudes are closely related to values.

Accepted Answer

Values are beliefs or principles that individuals hold as important, and personal attitudes are the expressions of those values. Therefore, personal attitudes are closely related to values.

Question 13

The two basic dimensions of Schwartz's value theory are self-enhancement/self-transcendence and ethical/unethical.

Accepted Answer

The two basic dimensions of Schwartz's value theory are self-transcendence and self-enhancement, and openness to change and conservation. The ethical/unethical dimension falls under the broader dimension of conservatism versus openness to change.

Question 14

Positive employee attitudes and motivation are greatest when the work environment is consistent with employee values.

Accepted Answer

When the work environment aligns with employee values, they feel a sense of purpose and fulfillment in their work, which improves their attitude towards their job and increases their motivation to perform well. Research has shown that employees who perceive a fit between their own values and those of the organization are more satisfied with their jobs and are more likely to remain with the company.

Question 15

Personal attitudes affect behavior via intentions.

Accepted Answer

Personal attitudes can influence an individual's intentions to engage in a particular behavior, which ultimately leads to that behavior being performed. This relationship between attitudes, intentions, and behavior is known as the Theory of Reasoned Action.

Question 16

The desire for excitement, novelty, and challenge in life is called stimulation.

Accepted Answer

Stimulation refers to the desire for excitement, novelty, and challenge in life.

Question 17

In Schwartz's model, hedonism shares elements with both openness to change and self-transcendence.

Accepted Answer

Hedonism in Schwartz's model shares elements with openness to change and self-enhancement, not self-transcendence.

Question 18

Values are concrete ideas that guide one's thinking and behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Values are concrete ideas that guide one's...

Question 19

A person can hold values in Schwartz's model that are opposite without experiencing conflict.

Accepted Answer

Schwartz's model of basic human values suggests that holding opposing values can lead to conflict because they represent different motivations and goals.

Question 20

Values generalize across cultures.

Accepted Answer

While specific cultural practices may differ, many values (such as respect for others or honesty) are shared across cultures.

Quiz 2: Values and Attitudes