Question 1

Of the following substances,which has the greatest potential to cause dependence if used regularly?
A)Nicotine
B)Marijuana
C)Alcohol
D)Cocaine
E)Heroin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the following substances,which has the greatest...

Question 2

Damage to that part of the brain known as Broca's area is likely to
A)Cause difficulty in recognizing faces
B)Be associated with paralysis on the left side of the body
C)Impair speech
D)Both cause difficulty in recognizing faces and be associated with paralysis on the left side of the body are correct
E)Both be associated with paralysis on the left side of the body and impair speech are correct

Accepted Answer

Damage to Broca's area, which is located in the left hemisphere of the brain, is associated with difficulty in producing speech or expressive language. It does not affect recognizing faces or cause paralysis on the left side of the body. Therefore, options A and B are incorrect. Option D is also incorrect as difficulty in recognizing faces is not associated with damage to Broca's area. Option E is incorrect as it includes the incorrect statement that damage to Broca's area is associated with paralysis on the left side of the body.

Question 3

Damage to which of the following brain structures is most likely to result in difficulty in being able to remember meeting new people?
A)Thalamus
B)Hippocampus
C)Hypothalamus
D)Corpus callosum
E)Broca's area

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is crucial for the formation of new memories, particularly in transferring short-term memory to long-term memory. Damage to this area can lead to difficulties in forming new memories, such as remembering meeting new people.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of declarative memory?
A)Recognition of a person's face and matching a name to it
B)Remembering how to ride a bicycle
C)Being able to recall a phone number for only a short period of time
D)Being given a specific address and being able to recall it several days or weeks later
E)Responding to the sight, smell, taste or thought of one's favorite food with salivation and hunger pangs

Accepted Answer

Declarative memory is the type of memory that involves the conscious recollection of facts and events. Recognition of a person's face and matching a name to it is an example of declarative memory because it involves the conscious recollection of a fact (the person's name associated with their face).

Question 5

A person with bilateral damage to the hippocampus will probably
A)Suffer from aphasia
B)Develop symptoms of Parkinson's disease
C)Suffer impairment of consolidation of declarative memory
D)Have difficulty learning new physical skills
E)Experience all of the choices

Accepted Answer

Bilateral damage to the hippocampus is associated with impairment of consolidation of declarative memory. This means that the individual may have difficulty in acquiring new information or retaining old information. This type of memory is responsible for storing facts and events, and without the hippocampus, an individual would have a hard time doing so. While the person may also experience other types of cognitive impairments, such as difficulties learning new physical skills or problems with language, these are not specifically linked to hippocampal damage, and so are not the best choice.

Question 6

In most people,all of the following functions are lateralized to the left hemisphere except
A)Arithmetic ability
B)The ability to read and write
C)The ability to speak
D)The ability to recognize faces and read maps
E)None of these choices, all of these functions are lateralized to the left hemisphere

Accepted Answer

The ability to recognize faces and read maps is actually lateralized to the right hemisphere, rather than the left. The other functions listed are primarily associated with the left hemisphere.

Question 7

Selective attention is facilitated,enhanced and improved by way of the _____ of the brain stem,which acts as the origin point of neurons which project to the cerebral cortex and release ________ neurotransmitter(s)
A)Pons, acetylcholine
B)Basal nuclei, dopamine
C)Hypothalamus, serotonin
D)Locus coeruleus, norepinephrine
E)Thalamus, melatonin

Accepted Answer

The locus coeruleus is responsible for releasing norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in facilitating selective attention. The other brain regions listed do not have as direct of a connection to selective attention.

Question 8

Unlike long-term memory,working memory
A)Has unlimited capacity
B)Exists in the form of either graded or action potentials
C)Can be disrupted by drugs, electroconvulsive shock or a blow to the head
D)Both has unlimited capacity and exists in the form of either graded or action potentials are correct
E)Both exists in the form of either graded or action potentials and can be disrupted by drugs, electroconvulsive shock or a blow to the head are correct

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike long-term memory,working memory
A)Has unlimited capacity
B)Exists in...

Question 9

Damage to that part of the brain known as Wernicke's area is likely to
A)Cause difficulty in recognizing faces
B)Be associated with impairment of procedural memory
C)Impair comprehension of language
D)Impair one's ability to speak
E)Cause blindness

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area is located in the left temporal lobe of the brain and is involved in language comprehension. Damage to this area can lead to difficulty understanding and processing language, known as Wernicke's aphasia.

Question 10

Symptoms of withdrawal when drug use is stopped
A)May result from lower-than-normal secretion of neurotransmitter
B)Are psychological, not physical
C)May be alleviated by taking a drug that interacts with the same receptor as the original drug
D)Both may result from lower-than-normal secretion of neurotransmitter and may be alleviated by taking a drug that interacts with the same receptor as the original drug are correct
E)Include all of the choices

Accepted Answer

Symptoms of withdrawal when drug use is stopped may result from lower-than-normal secretion of neurotransmitter and may be alleviated by taking a drug that interacts with the same receptor as the original drug. This is because long-term drug use can lead to changes in the brain's chemistry and function, and abruptly stopping drug use can cause an imbalance in neurotransmitters, leading to withdrawal symptoms. Taking a drug that interacts with the same receptor as the original drug can help alleviate these symptoms by mimicking the effects of the drug and reducing the severity of withdrawal.

Question 11

Regarding psychoactive drugs,
A)Both the phenomenon of "tolerance" to and the symptoms of "withdrawal" from a psychoactive drug can be explained by the positive feedback effect of the drug on the production of the endogenous neurotransmitter/neuromodulator for which the drug is an agonist
B)Only drugs that bind to endorphin/enkephalin receptors are described as "psychoactive."
C)Use of psychoactive drugs may result in physical dependence upon them
D)Both the phenomenon of "tolerance" to and the symptoms of "withdrawal" from a psychoactive drug can be explained by the positive feedback effect of the drug on the production of the endogenous neurotransmitter/neuromodulator for which the drug is an agonist and only drugs that bind to endorphin/enkephalin receptors are described as "psychoactive" are correct
E)Both the phenomenon of "tolerance" to and the symptoms of "withdrawal" from a psychoactive drug can be explained by the positive feedback effect of the drug on the production of the endogenous neurotransmitter/neuromodulator for which the drug is an agonist and use of psychoactive drugs may result in physical dependence upon them are correct

Accepted Answer

Both the phenomenon of "tolerance" to and the symptoms of "withdrawal" from a psychoactive drug can be explained by the positive feedback effect of the drug on the production of the endogenous neurotransmitter/neuromodulator for which the drug is an agonist, and use of psychoactive drugs may result in physical dependence upon them.

Question 12

Anterograde amnesia is associated with damage to all of the following structures of the brain,except
A)Thalamus
B)Hypothalamus
C)Limbic system
D)Corpus callosum
E)Hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is primarily involved in connecting the two hemispheres of the brain and is not directly associated with memory formation, unlike the other structures listed.

Question 13

A person with bilateral damage to the substantia nigra region of the brain will probably
A)Be unable to speak
B)Have difficulty understanding language
C)Have difficulty consolidating declarative memories
D)Develop resting tremors
E)Develop complete amnesia

Accepted Answer

The substantia nigra is a region of the brain that is responsible for producing dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is involved in the control of movement. Damage to this region is a common feature of Parkinson's disease, which is characterized by resting tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). Therefore, a person with bilateral damage to the substantia nigra region of the brain is likely to develop resting tremors.

Question 14

When a person loses consciousness,working memory is interrupted and memories are abolished for all that happened for a variable period of time before the blow that caused unconsciousness.Why?
A)The traumatic blow to the head caused a concussion through violent displacement of the brain in the skull
B)There was a deficiency of adequate blood flow to the brain
C)There was an interruption in the constant stream of neuron potentials to memory facilitation brain areas
D)Conflicting external interference prevents conversion of short-term to long-term memory
E)This is an area of neurological research which has not achieved any satisfying conclusions at the present time

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a person loses consciousness,working memory is...

Question 15

About 3-5% of school aged children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).This neurobehavioral problem is anatomically linked,primarily to which area of dysfunction in the brain?
A)Basal nuclei
B)Pituitary gland
C)Prefrontal cerebral cortex
D)Both basal nuclei and pituitary gland
E)Both basal nuclei and prefrontal cerebral cortex

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cerebral cortex is responsible for executive functions such as attention, planning, and decision-making. The basal nuclei are involved in motor control and habit formation. Both of these areas are implicated in ADHD.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains how the phenomenon of "tolerance" develops with use of psychoactive drugs over time?
A)Psychoactive drugs can alter blood flow to the brain
B)Psychoactive drugs often produce euphoria
C)Psychoactive drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier
D)Psychoactive drugs can inhibit production of endogenous neurotransmitters
E)Psychoactive drugs can up-regulate receptors for endogenous neurotransmitters

Accepted Answer

ETolerance develops when the body adjusts to the presence of the drug, often through physiological changes. One such change is the inhibition of the production of endogenous (naturally occurring) neurotransmitters (D), as the body compensates for the artificial increase in neurotransmitter activity caused by the drug. Another change can be the up-regulation (increase in the number) of receptors for these neurotransmitters (E), as the body attempts to maintain normal function despite the presence of the drug.

Question 17

Conceptual aphasia is a result of damage to
A)The mouth and vocal cords
B)The cerebellum
C)Broca's area
D)Wernicke's area
E)The primary visual cortex

Accepted Answer

Conceptual aphasia, also known as semantic aphasia, is a language disorder resulting from damage to Wernicke's area, which is responsible for processing the meaning of words and concepts. This type of aphasia can lead to difficulty understanding spoken and written language, as well as difficulty expressing oneself clearly. Damage to other areas, such as the mouth and vocal cords, cerebellum, and primary visual cortex, are not typically associated with conceptual aphasia. Broca's area, on the other hand, is associated with the production of speech rather than comprehension of language.

Question 18

The transfer of working memory into long-term memory is
A)Called memory retrieval
B)Inhibited by such hormones as ACTH, epinephrine and vasopressin
C)Thought to be caused by a relatively nonspecific "fix" signal
D)Both called memory retrieval and inhibited by such hormones as ACTH, epinephrine and vasopressin
E)Both inhibited by such hormones as ACTH, epinephrine and vasopressin and thought to be caused by a relatively nonspecific "fix" signal

Accepted Answer

The transfer of working memory into long-term memory is thought to be caused by a relatively nonspecific "fix" signal and is inhibited by such hormones as ACTH, epinephrine and vasopressin.

Question 19

Bipolar disorders
A)Involve both mania and depression
B)Are most effectively treated with drugs that increase availability of dopamine
C)Are an exaggeration of normal changes in mood
D)Both involve both mania and depression and are most effectively treated with drugs that increase availability of dopamine are correct
E)Both involve both mania and depression and are an exaggeration of normal changes in mood are correct

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bipolar disorders
A)Involve both mania and depression
B)Are most...

Question 20

Regarding psychoactive drugs,
A)They can be taken to relieve altered states of consciousness
B)They can be taken to experience altered states of consciousness
C)They may stimulate neuronal activity in the "reward" areas of the brain
D)Both they can be taken to experience altered states of consciousness and they may stimulate neuronal activity in the "reward" areas of the brain are correct
E)All of the choices are correct

Accepted Answer

The answer of Regarding psychoactive drugs,
A)They can be taken to...

Quiz 8: Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Of the following substances,which has the greatest potential to cause dependence if used regularly?

Damage to that part of the brain known as Broca's area is likely to

Damage to which of the following brain structures is most likely to result in difficulty in being able to remember meeting new people?

Which of the following is an example of declarative memory?

A person with bilateral damage to the hippocampus will probably

In most people,all of the following functions are lateralized to the left hemisphere except

Selective attention is facilitated,enhanced and improved by way of the _ of the brain stem,which acts as the origin point of neurons which project to the cerebral cortex and release ____ neurotransmitter(s)

Unlike long-term memory,working memory

Damage to that part of the brain known as Wernicke's area is likely to

Symptoms of withdrawal when drug use is stopped

Regarding psychoactive drugs,

Anterograde amnesia is associated with damage to all of the following structures of the brain,except

A person with bilateral damage to the substantia nigra region of the brain will probably

When a person loses consciousness,working memory is interrupted and memories are abolished for all that happened for a variable period of time before the blow that caused unconsciousness.Why?

About 3-5% of school aged children are diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) .This neurobehavioral problem is anatomically linked,primarily to which area of dysfunction in the brain?

Which of the following best explains how the phenomenon of "tolerance" develops with use of psychoactive drugs over time?

Conceptual aphasia is a result of damage to

The transfer of working memory into long-term memory is

Bipolar disorders

Regarding psychoactive drugs,