Question 1

The communist version of socialism reached its high point in:

Accepted Answer

The communist version of socialism reached its high point in the late 1970s,when the majority of the world's population lived in communist states.

Question 2

To guarantee that elected representatives can be held accountable for their actions by the electorate,an ideal representative democracy has a number of safeguards.Which of the following is NOT an example of a safeguard in an ideal representative democracy?

Accepted Answer

Limited terms for elected representatives is one of the safeguards for an ideal representative democracy.

Question 3

_____ is a political philosophy that advocates substantial public involvement through government ownership,in the means of production and distribution.

Accepted Answer

Socialism is a political philosophy advocating substantial public involvement through government ownership,in the means of production and distribution.

Question 4

In the early twentieth century,the socialist ideology split into two broad camps.The group that believed socialism could be achieved only through violent revolution and totalitarian dictatorship was referred to as:

Accepted Answer

In the early twentieth century,the socialist ideology split into two broad camps.

Question 5

Which of the following can be traced to the ancient Greek philosopher,Aristotle?

Accepted Answer

Individualism can be traced to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle.

Question 6

_____ is a form of government in which one person or political party exercises absolute control over all spheres of human life,and opposing political parties are prohibited.

Accepted Answer

Totalitarianism is a form of government in which one person or political party exercises absolute control over all spheres of human life and prohibits opposing political parties.

Question 7

Which of the following is a country that has been strongly influenced by social democracy?

Accepted Answer

Social democracy has had perhaps its greatest influence in a number of democratic Western nations and in other countries,including India and Brazil.

Question 8

An individual's right to freedom of expression and organization,a free media,and regular elections are the building blocks of what type of political system?

Accepted Answer

A representative democracy is built upon the ideals of an individual's right to freedom of expression and organization,a free media,and regular elections.

Question 9

The pro-business and pro-free trade values of _____ create a favorable environment within which international businesses can thrive.

Accepted Answer

The pro-business and pro-free trade values of individualism create a favorable environment within which international businesses can thrive.

Question 10

Which of the following is the political system in which government is by the people,exercised either directly or through elected representatives?

Accepted Answer

Democracy refers to a political system in which government is by the people,exercised either directly or through elected representatives.

Question 11

Modern socialism traces its intellectual roots to:

Accepted Answer

Modern socialism traces its intellectual roots to Karl Marx (1818-83),although socialist thought clearly predates Marx.

Question 12

_____ stresses that the interests of the individual should take precedence over the interests of the state.

Accepted Answer

Individualism stresses that the interests of the individual should take precedence over the interests of the state.

Question 13

The sale of state-owned enterprises to private investors is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Privatization involves the sale of state-owned enterprises to private investors.

Question 14

When _____ is practiced in a society,the needs of society as a whole are generally viewed as being more important than individual freedoms.

Accepted Answer

Collectivism refers to a political system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals.When collectivism is emphasized,the needs of society as a whole are generally viewed as being more important than individual freedoms.

Question 15

In some cultures it is considered appropriate to give precedence to "the common good" over what may benefit individuals.These cultures can be termed _____.

Accepted Answer

Collectivism refers to a political system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals.In such circumstances,an individual's right to do something may be restricted on the grounds that it runs counter to "the good of society" or to "the common good."

Question 16

Democracy,in its purest form,is based on the belief that:

Accepted Answer

The pure form of democracy,as originally practiced by several city-states in ancient Greece,is based on a belief that citizens should be directly involved in decision making,which is impractical in modern democratic states with populations in the tens or hundreds of millions.

Question 17

According to Karl Marx,what is the relationship shared by capitalists and workers in a capitalist society?

Accepted Answer

According to Marx,while successful capitalists accumulate considerable wealth,the wages earned by the majority of workers in a capitalist society would be forced down to subsistence levels.The pay of workers does not reflect the full value of their labor.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a central tenet of individualism?

Accepted Answer

The two central tenets of individualism are an emphasis on the importance of guaranteeing individual freedom and self-expression and that the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own economic self-interest.

Question 19

Which of the following individuals argued that private property is more highly productive than communal property and will thus stimulate progress?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle advocated the theory that private property is more highly productive than communal property and will thus stimulate progress.

Question 20

The socialist who committed themselves to achieving socialism through democratic means was referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Social democrats committed themselves to achieving socialism by democratic means.

Quiz 2: National Differences in Political Economy