Question 1

The percentage of Head Start enrollees in homes headed by single women is
A)50%.
B)35%.
C)10%.
D)1%.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the Office of Head Start, in 2018, 35% of Head Start enrollees were from families headed by single women.

Question 2

The percentage of Head Start enrollees in homes headed by single men is
A)50%.
B)35%.
C)10%.
D)1%.

Accepted Answer

The percentage of Head Start enrollees in homes headed by single men is very low, around 1%. This reflects broader societal patterns where single-parent homes are more commonly headed by women.

Question 3

The racial makeup of the children enrolled in Head Start
A)is in rough proportion to those in the general population.
B)is in rough proportion to those in college.
C)is disproportionately African American.
D)is disproportionately white, non-Hispanic.

Accepted Answer

Head Start programs have historically served a higher proportion of African American children compared to their representation in the general population.

Question 4

The percentage of Head Start enrollees also enrolled in Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program is
A)100%.
B)67%.
C)25%.
D)5%.

Accepted Answer

According to the National Head Start Association, approximately 67% of Head Start enrollees are also enrolled in Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program. This is due to the fact that Head Start serves low-income families who may qualify for these programs.

Question 5

The academic studies that were the intellectual justification for Head Start suggested that for every dollar spent on the program ___ would be returned to society in the form of higher taxes and lower welfare and incarceration costs.
A)$1
B)$5
C)$50
D)$100

Accepted Answer

The academic studies suggested that for every dollar spent on Head Start, $5 would be returned to society in the form of higher taxes and lower welfare and incarceration costs.

Question 6

In 2015 Head Start's budget was approximately
A)$8.2 million.
B)$8.2 billion.
C)$820 billion.
D)$8.2 trillion.

Accepted Answer

The answer can be found by using the keyword "Head Start budget 2015". According to the official website of the Office of Head Start, the budget for 2015 was approximately $8.2 billion. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 7

The notion that taxpayers would willingly vote for a program such as Head Start is explained by economists as voters recognizing the _______ of having the children in quality child care.
A)external costs
B)marginal costs
C)private benefits
D)external benefits

Accepted Answer

Economists would explain that taxpayers are recognizing the external benefits of having children in quality child care, which would be captured in choice D. External benefits refer to the positive impact a program has on individuals or society beyond the direct recipients of that program. In the case of Head Start, the positive impact on the children who participate in the program has positive spillover effects on the wider community, which voters recognize as a valuable outcome worth supporting.

Question 8

The premise of Head Start is that
A)early childhood education can make a substantial difference in the future lives of children.
B)day care for the poor will allow the poor to make a better living.
C)poor parents aren't very good parents.
D)B and C

Accepted Answer

The premise of Head Start is that early childhood education can make a substantial difference in the future lives of children, by providing them with the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in school and later in life. It does not assume that poor parents are inherently bad parents, nor does it focus primarily on providing day care for the poor.

Question 9

In recent years Head Start spending has grown
A)much faster than enrollment.
B)on par with enrollment.
C)much slower than enrollment.
D)mainly due to the soaring costs of classroom materials.

Accepted Answer

According to the article, Head Start spending has grown much faster than enrollment.

Question 10

The income profile of the children enrolled in Head Start is such that it
A)mirrors the income profile of the general population.
B)mirrors the income profile of those in poverty.
C)suggests that enrollees are poorer than even those in poverty.
D)suggests that enrollees are wealthier than the general population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The income profile of the children enrolled...

Question 11

In order for the money spent on children to be viewed as a good investment, economists would look at the ______ of the costs and compare that to the _____ of the benefits.
A)present value; present value
B)present value; future value
C)future value; present value
D)future value; future value

Accepted Answer

Economists would compare the present value of the costs to the present value of the benefits to determine if the money spent on children is a good investment. This approach allows for a direct comparison of costs and benefits at the same point in time, taking into account the time value of money.

Question 12

Annual Head Start costs per child served are _______ average child care costs.
A)somewhat higher than
B)about the same as
C)much lower
D)declining when compared to

Accepted Answer

Annual Head Start costs per child served are somewhat higher than average child care costs. This is because Head Start programs offer comprehensive services that go beyond basic child care, including education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services.

Question 13

The actual dollar value of the costs would have to be ______ the actual dollar value of the benefits for an investment in early childhood education to be justified in present value terms.
A)much greater than
B)at least equal to
C)much less than
D)discounted more heavily than

Accepted Answer

For an investment to be justified, the present value of benefits should be much greater than the present value of costs, meaning the actual dollar value of costs should be much less than the benefits.

Question 14

Early doubters of the claims that Head Start could end the cycle of poverty based their conclusions on
A)what they perceived to be statistical flaws in the original research.
B)the claim that the original research was fraudulent.
C)the claim that no matter how good the program was it could not make up for the home environment.
D)A and B .

Accepted Answer

Early doubters of the claims that Head Start could end the cycle of poverty believed that no matter how good the program was, it could not make up for the negative impact of a poor home environment. They did not dispute the validity of the research or claim that it was fraudulent. They simply did not believe that a preschool program could fully counteract the effects of poverty.

Question 15

The racial makeup of the children enrolled in Head Start
A)is in rough proportion to those in the general population.
B)is in rough proportion to those in poverty.
C)is disproportionately Hispanic.
D)is disproportionately white non-Hispanic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The racial makeup of the children enrolled...

Question 16

Real appropriations for Head Start have grown ________ enrollment.
A)much faster than
B)at the same rate as
C)at a rate only slightly less than the growth in
D)much slower than the growth in

Accepted Answer

The word "much" indicates a large difference in growth rates, which suggests that appropriations have grown much faster than enrollment.

Question 17

Head Start has not been "fully funded" which means
A)there wasn't enough money to pay the teachers a salary commensurate with their skill.
B)there were children who were eligible to be in the classes but no slots were available.
C)it has been run mainly by volunteers.
D)all of the above.

Accepted Answer

"Fully funded" means that there is enough funding to support all eligible children who wish to participate in the program. Option B indicates that there were eligible children who were not able to participate due to lack of available slots, therefore it was not fully funded. Options A and C are not necessarily related to whether the program is fully funded or not.

Question 18

In 2015 Head Start enrolled approximately
A)105,000 children.
B)945,000 children.
C)205,000 children.
D)2.5 million children.

Accepted Answer

According to the Head Start Program Performance Standards Final Rule, in 2015 Head Start enrolled approximately 945,000 children.

Question 19

Most academic studies show that Head Start benefits
A)can be observed to last well beyond graduation from college.
B)don't exist at all even for the children in the program.
C)slowly evaporate over two or three years and are not seen in testing of high school age children.
D)are suspect due to the inability to test young children.

Accepted Answer

Most academic studies show that the benefits of Head Start slowly evaporate over two or three years and are not seen in testing of high school age children. This means that the benefits are not sustained in the long run. Choice A is incorrect as the benefits are not observed beyond graduation from college. Choice B is also incorrect as there are some benefits, although they are not sustained. Choice D is incorrect as academic studies have devised ways to test young children.

Question 20

The academic studies that were the intellectual justification for Head Start suggested that money spent on early childhood education would be a wise investment because
A)kids deserve a quality education.
B)there would be lower welfare and incarceration costs when these children grew up.
C)there would be higher taxes paid when these children grew up.
D)B and C .

Accepted Answer

The academic studies suggested that money spent on early childhood education would be a wise investment because it would lead to lower welfare and incarceration costs when these children grew up and higher taxes paid when these children grew up. Therefore, choice D, which includes both options, is the best choice.

Quiz 39: Head Start

The percentage of Head Start enrollees in homes headed by single women is

The percentage of Head Start enrollees in homes headed by single men is

The racial makeup of the children enrolled in Head Start

The percentage of Head Start enrollees also enrolled in Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program is

The academic studies that were the intellectual justification for Head Start suggested that for every dollar spent on the program ___ would be returned to society in the form of higher taxes and lower welfare and incarceration costs.

In 2015 Head Start's budget was approximately

The notion that taxpayers would willingly vote for a program such as Head Start is explained by economists as voters recognizing the _______ of having the children in quality child care.

The premise of Head Start is that

In recent years Head Start spending has grown

The income profile of the children enrolled in Head Start is such that it

In order for the money spent on children to be viewed as a good investment, economists would look at the __ of the costs and compare that to the _ of the benefits.

Annual Head Start costs per child served are _______ average child care costs.

The actual dollar value of the costs would have to be ______ the actual dollar value of the benefits for an investment in early childhood education to be justified in present value terms.

Early doubters of the claims that Head Start could end the cycle of poverty based their conclusions on

The racial makeup of the children enrolled in Head Start

Real appropriations for Head Start have grown ________ enrollment.

Head Start has not been "fully funded" which means

In 2015 Head Start enrolled approximately

Most academic studies show that Head Start benefits

The academic studies that were the intellectual justification for Head Start suggested that money spent on early childhood education would be a wise investment because