Question 1

Neutrophils and macrophages move through extracellular matrix by amoeboid movement.

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils and macrophages do move through extracellular matrix by amoeboid movement, which involves the extension and retraction of pseudopods. This allows them to navigate through tight spaces and penetrate tissues.

Question 2

How are the phospholipids arranged to form the plasma membrane?
A)single layer with hydrophilic heads outward
B)double layer with hydrophobic tails facing inward toward each other
C)double layer with hydrophilic heads facing inward toward each other
D)double layer with phospholipids on the outside and proteins on the inside

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane is made up of a double layer of phospholipids arranged with their hydrophobic tails facing inward toward each other, and their hydrophilic heads facing outward. This creates a barrier that separates the cell from the external environment and controls what can enter or exit the cell.

Question 3

Particulate matter is nonspecifically taken into cells by the process of
A)exocytosis.
B)phagocytosis.
C)pinocytosis.
D)endocytosis.

Accepted Answer

Particulate matter is usually taken into cells by endocytosis, which is the process by which cells engulf external material by forming a vesicle around it and bringing it into the cell. Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis that specifically involves the engulfment of large particles by specialized cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis that involves the engulfment of smaller particles and fluids. Exocytosis is the opposite process, in which molecules or particles are released from a cell into the extracellular environment. However, it is not the process by which particulate matter enters cells.

Question 4

The body cells that contain plasma membranes with highest cholesterol content are the muscle cells.

Accepted Answer

The body cells with the highest cholesterol content in their plasma membranes are typically nerve cells, especially in the myelin sheath, not muscle cells.

Question 5

The plasma membrane is referred to as a mosaic because of the presence of
A)proteins.
B)carbohydrates.
C)phospholipids.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane is referred to as a mosaic because of the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, and phospholipids. The phospholipids make up the majority of the membrane, forming a fluid bilayer, while the proteins and carbohydrates are embedded in the bilayer, creating a mosaic pattern. Therefore, all these choices are correct.

Question 6

Carbohydrates are primarily associated with the outer surface of the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are often attached to proteins or lipids on the outer surface of the cell membrane, forming glycoproteins or glycolipids. These carbohydrate chains serve important functions such as cell recognition and signaling.

Question 7

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit in the body.

Accepted Answer

The cell is considered the basic unit of life as it is the smallest structural and functional unit capable of carrying out all the necessary functions of life on its own.

Question 8

Receptor-mediated endocytosis would allow cells to selectively remove molecules from the extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the use of specific receptors on the cell surface to selectively take in molecules from the extracellular fluid. This allows cells to regulate what substances enter their cytoplasm while excluding others.

Question 9

The process by which cells secrete cellular products into the extracellular environment is
A)phagocytosis.
B)endocytosis.
C)exocytosis.
D)pinocytosis.

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis is the process by which cells secrete cellular products into the extracellular environment. Phagocytosis and pinocytosis involve the uptake of material into the cell, while endocytosis is a broader term that encompasses both phagocytosis and pinocytosis.

Question 10

Phagocytosis is important for
A)body defense against foreign organic matter.
B)promoting inflammation.
C)removal of old and dying cells.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing and digesting foreign particles, such as bacteria and viruses. Therefore, it is important for body defense against foreign organic matter. It also plays a role in promoting inflammation and the removal of old and dying cells. Hence, all of these choices are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?
A)transport
B)energy production
C)structural support
D)receptors

Accepted Answer

Membrane proteins can act as transporters, provide structural support, act as receptors, and participate in cell signaling, but they do not have a direct role in energy production. That is typically the role of specific cellular organelles or enzymes.

Question 12

Release of neurotransmitters occurs via
A)exocytosis.
B)endocytosis.
C)phagocytosis.
D)pinocytosis.

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. The vesicles containing the neurotransmitters merge with the presynaptic membrane, and the neurotransmitters are then released into the synaptic cleft. Endocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis are all processes involving the uptake of materials, and are not involved in neurotransmitter release.

Question 13

Proteins that are partially embedded on one side of the plasma membrane are
A)integral proteins.
B)transport proteins.
C)peripheral proteins.
D)fluid proteins.

Accepted Answer

Peripheral proteins are attached to either the exterior or interior surfaces of the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane, but they do not span across the membrane as integral proteins do.

Question 14

Pseudopods can be used for both amoeboid movement and phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

Pseudopods are cellular extensions that are used for both movement and engulfing food particles through phagocytosis.

Question 15

The flexibility of a cell's membrane is determined by the ratio of _____________ to ___________.
A)protein,carbohydrate
B)cholesterol,protein
C)phospholipids,protein
D)cholesterol,phospholipids

Accepted Answer

The flexibility of a cell's membrane is determined by the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids. Cholesterol helps regulate the fluidity of the membrane and prevent it from becoming too rigid or too fluid. Phospholipids make up the majority of the membrane and control its structure. The ratio of the two components is important for maintaining the proper function and integrity of the membrane.

Question 16

Phagocytosis is a bulk transport process in which the plasma membrane extends as pseudopods around a particle of organic matter.

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis is a bulk transport process in which the plasma membrane extends as pseudopods around a particle of organic matter or a microorganism, engulfing it and forming a phagosome. The phagosome fuses with cellular lysosomes to form a phagolysosome, where the particle is broken down and its components are recycled.

Question 17

Intake of a specific molecule from the extracellular compartment by a cell occurs through
A)phagocytosis.
B)exocytosis.
C)receptor-mediated endocytosis.
D)apoptosis.

Accepted Answer

Intake of a specific molecule from the extracellular compartment by a cell occurs through receptor-mediated endocytosis, in which the cell uses specific receptors on its surface to bind to the molecule and internalize it through formation of a coated vesicle. Phagocytosis is a process by which a cell engulfs a large particle or another cell. Exocytosis is the process by which a cell releases molecules from inside the cell to the extracellular space. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that occurs in multicellular organisms.

Question 18

Large hydrophilic molecules can readily move unaided into and out of cells.

Accepted Answer

Large hydrophilic molecules require assistance to move into or out of cells, such as through protein channels, transporters, or vesicles.

Question 19

The _____________ is the liquid portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus.
A)cytoskeleton
B)peroxisome
C)cytosol
D)phospholipids

Accepted Answer

The cytosol is the liquid portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers within the cytosol that helps maintain cell shape and enables cell movement. Peroxisomes are small organelles that contain enzymes involved in various metabolic reactions. Phospholipids are a type of lipid molecule that make up the plasma membrane.

Question 20

Proteins located on the surface of the plasma membrane act as ___________ for hormones.
A)receptors
B)enzymes
C)neurotransmitters
D)pseudopods

Accepted Answer

Receptors are proteins on the surface of the plasma membrane that can bind to specific hormones or other signaling molecules, triggering a response in the cell. Enzymes, neurotransmitters, and pseudopods are not typically involved in hormone signaling.

Quiz 3: Cell Structure and Genetic Control

Neutrophils and macrophages move through extracellular matrix by amoeboid movement.

How are the phospholipids arranged to form the plasma membrane?

Particulate matter is nonspecifically taken into cells by the process of

The body cells that contain plasma membranes with highest cholesterol content are the muscle cells.

The plasma membrane is referred to as a mosaic because of the presence of

Carbohydrates are primarily associated with the outer surface of the cell membrane.

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit in the body.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis would allow cells to selectively remove molecules from the extracellular fluid.

The process by which cells secrete cellular products into the extracellular environment is

Phagocytosis is important for

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Release of neurotransmitters occurs via

Proteins that are partially embedded on one side of the plasma membrane are

Pseudopods can be used for both amoeboid movement and phagocytosis.

The flexibility of a cell's membrane is determined by the ratio of ___ to _.

Phagocytosis is a bulk transport process in which the plasma membrane extends as pseudopods around a particle of organic matter.

Intake of a specific molecule from the extracellular compartment by a cell occurs through

Large hydrophilic molecules can readily move unaided into and out of cells.

The _____________ is the liquid portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and nucleus.

Proteins located on the surface of the plasma membrane act as ___________ for hormones.