Quiz 1: The Framework for Financial Reporting

Conceptually,liabilities constitute a present obligation as a result of a past event and entail an expected future sacrifice of assets or services.

Under ASPE,only legal obligations are recognized.

A reasonable expectation on the part of a company's stakeholders arising from a company's past practices or behaviour may constitute a constructive obligation in certain instances.

A contingency may become a provision if the likelihood of the contingent event greatly increases.

For a small population,the best estimate for the amount of a provision that must be recognized is the expected value of the possible outcomes.

For a large population,the best estimate for the amount of a provision that must be recognized is the most likely outcome with respect to the expected value and cumulative probabilities.

Discounting is not required when the time value of money is immaterial or if the amount and timing of cash flows is highly uncertain.

Contingent gains may be accrued if they are certain to be realized.

Contingencies must be both accrued and disclosed.

Financial liabilities are initially recognized at fair value and at cost,amortized cost or fair value post-acquisition.

An onerous contract is one where the unavoidable costs of meeting the contract may or may not exceed the benefits derived from the contract.

A lawsuit in progress wherein the defendant will probably be found guilty would likely be accounted for as a provision.

Warranties provisions may arise from legal or constructive obligations.

Once a company has formally decided to restructure its operations,a provision must be made for the restructuring.

Loyalty points are provided (accrued)for and reversed once the points are redeemed.

Self-insurance costs for expected losses must never be provided for.

Current liabilities are usually discounted.

A decline in value of a company's reporting currency relative to the foreign currency in which it has payables will result in a foreign exchange gain on the reporting company's books.

Adjustments to fair value relating to FVTPL liabilities will always flow through earnings.

Loan guarantees must be provided for; the amount of the provision is the probability of payout multiplied by the fair value of the loan guarantee.

A company may reclassify a current financial liability to a long-term one only if there is a contractual agreement in place by the reporting date to replace the financing.

Debt issue costs may be expensed or included in the cost of the debt.

Normal business risks that are insured must be provided for.

An administrative fee pertaining to an unsuccessful loan application is to be immediately expensed.

Capitalization of borrowing costs on qualifying assets will continue even if work on the asset has temporarily ceased.

Accounts payable should include only obligations directly related to the primary and continuing operations of an entity.

Capitalization of borrowing costs on qualifying assets is mandatory under both IFRS and ASPE.

Under IFRS,a loss contingency must be credited to a liability account only if the occurrence of the contingent event is probable and if the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated.

A gain contingency will usually not be recorded in the accounts and reported in the financial statements even though its occurrence is probable.

Under ASPE,disclosure in the footnotes to the financial statements is the only way to properly report contingent losses.

Under IFRS,a continuity schedule must be provided for both provisions and contingencies.

A brewing company operating in an Ontario city experiencing water shortages received its water bill for December 2013,on December 31,2013.The bill ($8,000)represents the cost of water used in December to make its product.The company will not publish the 2013 financial statements until February 2014.Therefore,the adjusting entry as of December 31,2013 includes which of the following? A) cr. utilities payable $8,000 B) cr. cash $8,000 C) cr. utilities expense $8,000 D) no adjusting entry needed because the bill will not be paid until January 2014

A short-term note payable may include all of the following except: A) Trade notes payable. B) Non trade notes payable. C) A current portion of a long-term liability. D) Unearned revenue.

Which of the following statements is correct? A) Under IFRS, contingencies may be accrued, but not under ASPE. B) Litigation for which the company will probably be found guilty would normally be accrued as a provision. C) Under IFRS, content gains should be recognized if they are reasonably certain to occur. D) A contingency is more likely to require an accrual than a provision.

A firm sold $100,000 worth of goods during 2014.The firm extends warranty coverage on these goods.Historically,warranty costs have averaged 2% of total sales.During 2014,the firm incurred $1,000 to service goods sold in 2013 and $200 to service goods sold in 2014.What is warranty expense for 2014? A) $200 B) $1,200 C) $2,000 D) $3,200

You are an investor and have just purchased a bond on July 1 which pays interest every March 1 and September 1.When you receive your first interest cheque,you will receive and have earned how many months interest? A) Choice 1 B) Choice 2 C) Choice 3 D) Choice 4 E) Choice 5

On November 7,2014 local residents sued Brimley Corporation for excess chemical emissions that caused some of them to seek medical attention.The total lawsuit is $8,000,000.Brimley Corporation's lawyers believe that the lawsuit will be successful and that the amount to be paid to the residents will be $4,000,000.On its December 31,2014 financial statements Brimley should: A) Accrue a provision loss of $8,000,000 with no financial statement disclosure necessary. B) Accrue a provision loss of $4,000,000 and note disclose. C) Do nothing as the lawsuit has not yet ended. D) Simply disclose the details regarding the lawsuit in a note.

ABC Inc.has 50 pending lawsuits for which it may be found liable.The expected value (sum of the probabilities of the outcomes multiplied by their respective payouts)amounts to $100,000.However,the company's controller believes that the most likely outcome will be a payout of $120,000.Which of the following statements pertaining to the accrual of the provision is correct? A) There is a large population of lawsuits, so a provision of $100,000 must be accrued. B) There is a large population of lawsuits, so a provision of $120,000 must be accrued. C) There is a small population of lawsuits, so a provision of $100,000 must be accrued. D) There is a small population of lawsuits, so a provision of $120,000 must be accrued.

Which one of the following items is not a liability? A) Accrued estimated warranty costs B) Dividends payable in shares C) Advances from customers on contracts D) The portion of long-term debt due within one year

A company has commenced work on a non-cancellable fixed price construction contract in the amount of $6 million.Costs of $4 million have been incurred to date,and it is expected that $3.2 million in additional costs will have to be incurred to complete the contract.The company adheres to IFRS.Which of the following statements with respect to the contract are correct? A) There is a constructive obligation to finish the contract. B) The company will have recognized $3 million in profit on the contract to date. C) The company has a constructive obligation to accrue a loss of $1.2 million plus any previously recognized profit. D) This is an onerous contract, so the company must accrue a loss of $1.2 million plus any previously recognized profit.

Constructive obligations may arise from: A) Accrued Liabilities resulting from operations. B) Warranty obligations. C) Notes Payable. D) Unearned Revenues.

Long-term obligations (i.e.,debts)that is callable for early payment: A) Must continue to be classified as a long-term liability by the debtor, if a provision of the debt covenant has been violated. B) Must continue to be classified as a long-term liability in all situations. C) Must be reported as current liabilities by the debtor if callable on demand. D) Can be reported as current liabilities by the debtor only if callable because a provision of the debt covenant has been violated.

A company had sales of $1 million.Coupons in the amount of $1 per $10 in sales were given to paying customers.History has shown that 50% of all coupons are redeemed.Which of the following statements is correct? A) A provision for $50,000 must be recognized. B) A provision for $100,000 must be recognized. C) A provision for $1 million must be recognized. D) No provision is necessary.

By law,a fleet of aircraft must be subject to a major overhaul every 5 years as part of its scheduled maintenance program.Which of the following statements is correct? A) An accrual should be made in each of the 5 years preceding the overhaul. B) The costs of the overhaul should be expensed as incurred. C) The cost of the overhaul should be deferred and amortized. D) The estimated cost of the overhaul should be disclosed as part of a continuity schedule in the notes to the financial statements.

Which of the following statements is correct? A) For companies that are self-insured, a provision must be established for events taking place prior to the reporting period if known. B) There is no guidance for self-insurance under IFRS. C) Contingent assets are only recorded when it is virtually certain that the benefits relating to the contingent assets will be received. D) Contingent assets are only recorded when it is reasonably certain that the benefits relating to the contingent assets will be received.

Information obtained prior to the issuance of the current period's financial statements of KG Company indicates that it is probable that,at the date of the financial statements,a liability will be incurred for obligations related to product warranties on products sold during the current period.During the past three years,product warranty costs have been approximately 1 1/2 percent of annual sales revenue.An estimated loss contingency should be: A) Neither accrued nor disclosed in the financial statements. B) Recognized as an appropriation of retained earnings. C) Accrued in the accounts and reported in the financial statements. D) Disclosed in the financial statements but not accrued.

Contingent liabilities will or will not become actual liabilities depending on: A) Whether they are probable and estimable B) The degree of uncertainty C) The present condition suggesting a liability D) The outcome of a future event

Under IFRS,which of the following will only require only a note disclosure as a contingency? A) Cash discounts given for early payment by customers; almost always taken B) Remote chance of loss from a lawsuit in process C) Probable claim for an income tax refund D) Loss from an investment in equity securities that is certain

Which of the following contingencies should be accrued in the accounts and reported in the financial statements? A) The estimated expenses of a one-year product warranty. B) The company is forcefully contesting a personal injury suit and a loss is possible and reasonably estimable. C) An accommodation endorsement involving a remote loss. D) It is probable that the company will receive $50,000 in settlement of a lawsuit.

KR Corporation was involved in a lawsuit with the Government alleging inadequate air pollution control facilities at its Glowworm plant site during 2013.At December 31,2016,it appeared probable the Government would settle for approximately $150,000.This event should be recorded (i.e.,recognized)in 2016 as a(n): A) Loss on the lawsuit (operating expense). B) Unusual gain. C) Prior period adjustment. D) Unusual loss. E) Disclosure of contingency loss only in a note.

On January 1,2014,DWW borrowed $400,000 cash and signed a one-year,12 percent interest-bearing note payable.Assuming a 40 percent average income tax rate for DWW Corporation,the net effective interest rate on this note was: A) 4.8 percent. B) 6.0 percent. C) 7.2 percent. D) 12.0 percent.

XYZ borrowed $60,000 for one year and signed an 18 percent,interest-bearing note payable.Assuming XYZ has an income tax rate of 45 percent,the net effective rate was: A) 8.1 percent. B) 9.9 percent. C) 11.7 percent. D) 18 percent.

On September 1,2012,Company B signed a $7,392,two-year non-interest-bearing note payable in full on August 31,2014.Company B received $6,000 cash.What was the yield or effective rate of interest? A) 11 percent B) 14 percent C) 18 percent D) 23 percent

VCR Company owed a $73,311 debt due on January 1,2012.An agreement was reached to pay it off in three equal annual payments of $30,000 each,starting on December 31,2012.The interest rate was 11 percent.The balance in the liability account of VCR Company on January 1,2014 is (round annual payment to nearest $1): A) $27,026 B) $51,875 C) $73,311 D) $90,000

XY Company owed a $45,489 due on January 1,2015.An agreement was reached to pay it off in five equal annual payments,starting on December 31,2015.The interest rate was 10 percent.The total amount of interest paid under the terms of the agreement was (round annual payment to nearest $1): A) $25,000 B) $22,745 C) $14,511 D) $6,000

A firm sells products covered by a three-year warranty.From the past experience of the other firms in the industry,the firm expects to incur warranty costs equal to 1% of sales.Firm sales were $40,000 and $50,000 in 2013 and 2014 respectively.In 2014,the firm spent $200 to repair goods sold in 2013,and $300 to repair goods sold in 2014.The firm received no warranty servicing demands from customers in 2013,the firm's first year of operations.What is the balance in the warranty liability account on January 1,2014? A) $400 B) $500 C) $300 D) $0

On January 1,2014,JG purchased a machine and gave a $30,000 three-year,8% note.The market or "going" interest rate was 12%.The annual interest payments are to be paid on each December 31.On January 1,2014,JG should record the net liability amount determined as follows: A) Compute the present value of its face amount and the three $2,400 interest amounts by using a discount rate of 8%. B) Compute the present value of its face amount and the three $2,400 interest amounts by using a discount rate of 12%. C) Use its face amount, $30,000 plus the $7,200 interest. D) Use its face amount, $30,000 minus $7,200 interest.

Ryan Company borrow $45,000 US when the exchange rate for US $1.00 is Cdn.$1.46.When the debt was repaid the exchange rate changes to US $1.00 = Cdn.$1.38.Ryan Company records the amount on the date of exchange as: A) A foreign exchange loss of $3,600. B) A foreign exchange gain of $3,600. C) A foreign exchange gain of $62,100. D) A foreign exchange loss of $62,100.

A company has been sued for damages as a result of illness caused to local residents due to the emission of highly toxic chemicals from its plant.The company's legal firm advises that it is probable that the company will lose the suit and that it probably will result in a judgment of $2 million to $10 million in damages.However,the legal firm believes that the most probable amount of the loss will be $6 million,and that the suit will be terminated about three years hence.The company has no other lawsuits pending. (a)Should the company disclose this event in the year the suit was filed? (check one)_____ No; _____ Note only; _____ A loss in the income statement. (b)If a loss should be reported,give the journal entry required:

A retail store has completed certain transactions that management believes may have caused current liabilities.Indicate by check mark whether the following items should be classified as current liabilities.Assume a December 31 year-end.

On January 1,2012,a company purchased a machine that had a list price of $23,500.The purchase terms agreed upon were: cash down payment $12,000 plus a 15% note payable of $9,132 (its present value).The note is payable in three equal annual instalments (interest plus principal)on each December 31.Round to the nearest dollar. Required: (a)Give the entry to record the acquisition of the machine. (b)Give the adjusting entry required on September 30,2014,for interest assuming this is the end of the accounting period.

On January 1,2000,a corporation purchased a machine (10 year estimated useful life; no residual value; straight-line method)by paying cash $1,500 and signing a note payable with a face amount of $4,500,8% interest payable each December 31.The maturity date is December 31,2002.The going market rate of interest was 10%.Give all required entry (entries)at each of the following dates: January 1,2000: December 31,2000:

On September 1,2020,a company purchased a machine and paid for it by signing a two-year noninterest-bearing note,face $4,000.The note is payable August 31,2022.The going rate of interest was 18% per year.The accounting period ends December 31. (a)Compute the cost of the machine. (b)Give all appropriate entries throughout the term of the note. Use the net method.

On September 1,2020,a company signed a $6,540,one-year,non-interest-bearing note payable and received $6,000 cash. (a)What was the imputed rate of interest? ________________%. (b)Give the entry required at September 1,2020,to record the receipt of the cash (record on net basis). (c)Give the adjusting entry required at the end of the accounting year,December 31,2020. (d)Give the entry required on the due date,August 31,2021,assuming no reversing entries were made.

Quality 9000 International Inc.,which began operations in 1996,sells 20,000 units of its product each year under the following warranty: defective units will be fixed free of charge during the calendar year of purchase and the next two calendar years.(This means it is best to buy from this company early in the year.)Only 1% of units sold have required warranty service in the past.The average cost has been $200 per unit for servicing.Units require service only once and the likelihood of a unit requiring service is the same during each year in the warranty period.What is the balance in the warranty liability account at December 31,1999?

A firm sells a remarkable product,which serves many household purposes.The firm is confident about its product and is so anxious to sell a large number of units that it grants a 3-year warranty.The warranty agreement specifies that any malfunction or other problem will be fixed at no cost to the customer,unless the customer has abused the product.Based on experience with other household products it has sold in the past,3% of total units sold will require service over the warranty period at an average cost of $200 per unit.The following information relates to the first two years of the product's life: What is the balance of the warranty liability account at January 1,Year 3? Assume that the company did not revise its estimate of future warranty claims frequency.

At December 31,2015,ABC Company has the following three separate lawsuits pending against it: Suit A-Plaintiffs seek damages of $40,000; Suit B-Plaintiff seeks damages of $200,000; and Suit C-Plaintiff seeks damages of $20,000. ABC management and legal counsel have made the assessments indicated below.For each suit,taking into account the assessment,you are to (a)give the accrual entry if it is required (if not,state why)and (b)indicate whether a disclosure note is required and explain the reason. CASE A-Remote that ABC will lose the suit. (a)Accrual entry: (b)Disclosure note: _______ Yes ______ No.Explanation: CASE B-Reasonably possible that ABC will lose; reasonable estimate of damages $4,000. (a)Accrual entry: (b)Disclosure note: ______ Yes _______ No.Explanation: CASE C-Probable that ABC will lose; reasonable estimate of damages $10,000. (a)Accrual entry: (b)Disclosure note: ______ Yes ______ No.Explanation:

BRIEFLY explain how the treatment of contingencies differs under IFRS and ASPE.

On September 1,2014,XYZ borrowed $100,000 on a 9%,two-year,note payable.Simple interest is payable on August 31,2015 and 2016.XYZ's reporting year ends December 31 and the company does not use reversing entries for interest.The required entry on August 31,2001,is: