Question 1

Antonio Gramsci's concept of power as "hegemony" is based on
A)the manipulation of ideas to manufacture consent.
B)superior military power to dominate other nations.
C)superior economic power to manipulate other nations.
D)the achievement of global political supremacy.

Accepted Answer

Antonio Gramsci's concept of power as "hegemony" is based on the manipulation of ideas and culture to manufacture consent rather than physical force or economic power. Hegemony refers to the dominance of one group over others through the use of an accepted set of social, cultural, and ideological values that shape the perceptions of individuals and groups. Hegemony operates by persuading people to accept the worldviews, norms, and interests of the ruling class as natural and unquestionable. Therefore, power is maintained through ideological manipulation rather than military or economic force.

Question 2

Max Weber defined a person's status as
A)inseparable from class.
B)existing apart from the individual.
C)indistinguishable from class.
D)independent and distinct from class.

Accepted Answer

Weber distinguished between status and class, defining status as a person's position or rank within a cultural or social hierarchy, which is independent and distinct from their economic class. Therefore, the best choice is D, which correctly describes status as separate from class.

Question 3

Employees' respect for their boss's position and authority is an example of what kind of power?
A)expert power
B)legitimate power
C)soft power
D)organizational power

Accepted Answer

Legitimate power is based on an individual's position or title within an organization, and employees' respect for their boss's position and authority is a prime example of this type of power. Expert power, on the other hand, is based on one's skills, knowledge, or expertise in a particular area; soft power refers to the ability to influence and persuade others through relationships, trust, and credibility rather than overt coercion or rewards; and organizational power encompasses various factors, such as access to resources, communication channels, and decision-making processes, that can impact one's influence within a larger system.

Question 4

The fact that history textbooks still disproportionately highlight the achievements of men over those of women,and thus have the power to define men as more important and more able agents of history,is an example of what type of power?
A)patriarchal
B)political
C)cultural
D)masculine

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that history textbooks still disproportionately...

Question 5

Patricia Hill Collins's concept of the matrix of domination is best described as
A)a silent conspiracy.
B)multidimensional oppression.
C)hidden domination.
D)indirect oppression.

Accepted Answer

Patricia Hill Collins's concept of the matrix of domination refers to a multidimensional system of oppression that intersects and reinforces various structures of inequality such as race, gender, sexuality, class, and more. It is not a silent conspiracy, hidden domination, or indirect oppression, but rather an explicit recognition of the way in which power operates through various systems and institutions in society.

Question 6

Max Weber defined legitimate power as based on
A)democratic elections.
B)the acceptance of and belief in authority.
C)acceptance by the majority.
D)accountability to a constituency.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber defined legitimate power as based on the acceptance of and belief in authority. Legitimate power is derived from a belief on the part of those being led that the person or group in a position of authority has the right to govern, and their commands should be obeyed. This legitimacy can be based on a variety of factors such as tradition, law, or charisma, but it ultimately depends on the acceptance and belief in authority.

Question 7

From Michel Foucault's distinctive perspective of power,people
A)are coerced by centralized power.
B)resist coercive authority.
C)willingly self-regulate to conform.
D)are vulnerable to persuasion.

Accepted Answer

According to Foucault, power is not just held by those in positions of authority, but rather it is diffuse throughout society and operates through various forms of discipline and regulation. People willingly self-regulate their behavior to conform to societal norms and expectations, rather than simply being coerced or persuaded by centralized power. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 8

All systems of stratification essentially contain which of the following combinations of factors?
A)powerful group and an inspirational leader
B)distinct racial groups and prejudice
C)unequal distribution of resources and an ideology
D)prejudice and power

Accepted Answer

Systems of stratification are based on unequal distribution of resources, such as wealth, income, education, and job opportunities, among different social groups. An ideology, or a set of beliefs and values, often accompanies the system and justifies the inequality as natural, legitimate, or necessary. This can lead to the perpetuation of the system through socialization, discrimination, and resistance. While prejudice and power can be factors that reinforce the system, they are not essential or universal components of stratification. Similarly, an inspirational leader or a distinct racial group may be present in some systems, but they are not necessary or sufficient to create or maintain the structure of inequality.

Question 9

Who defined power as the ability to bring about an intended outcome,even when opposed by others?
A)Virginia Held
B)Nancy Hartsock
C)Max Weber
D)Bertrand Russell

Accepted Answer

Max Weber is the one who defined power as the ability to bring about an intended outcome, even when opposed by others. Weber was a prominent German sociologist, philosopher, and political economist who was influential in the development of modern social science.

Question 10

Public schools in wealthy neighborhoods are typically better funded,better equipped,and more successful than their counterparts in underprivileged areas.This inequality is a result of the residents' greater ________ power.
A)economic
B)persuasive
C)reward
D)cultural

Accepted Answer

Economic power refers to the ability to control or influence financial resources. Wealthy neighborhoods tend to have more economic power, which translates into better funding and resources for their public schools. This creates a cycle of inequality as these schools are able to provide better education and opportunities, leading to better outcomes for students, while schools in underprivileged areas continue to struggle with limited resources.

Question 11

The most effective way to resist power for those who are weak and low in status,power,and resources is
A)indirect confrontation.
B)education.
C)collective disobedience.
D)demonstration of revolt.

Accepted Answer

Collective disobedience allows for weak and low-status individuals to come together and resist power in a unified manner, amplifying their voice and impact. Indirect confrontation and demonstration of revolt may result in violent backlash, while education alone may not lead to tangible change in power structures.

Question 12

Television shows and movies disproportionately portray the wealthy in a positive light,often as glamorous,able,and good.In contrast,negative characters are often portrayed as poor,criminal,and morally deficient.This is an example of what type of power the media exert over their audience?
A)informational
B)soft
C)legitimate
D)cultural

Accepted Answer

This is an example of cultural power, as the media is shaping and reinforcing cultural norms and values surrounding wealth and poverty.

Question 13

According to Dorothy Smith's "standpoint theory," people view society and power from
A)an oppositional stance.
B)an individualistic perspective.
C)a biased standpoint.
D)the perspective of their group.

Accepted Answer

According to Dorothy Smith's "standpoint theory," people view society and power from the perspective of their group, meaning that an individual's social position and experiences shape their understanding of society and power dynamics. This perspective allows for a more nuanced and complex understanding of social issues, as different groups may have different experiences and perspectives on the same issue.

Question 14

Soft power tactics focus on
A)collaboration and friendship.
B)logical persuasion.
C)rewards and incentives.
D)emotional appeal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Soft power tactics focus on
A)collaboration and friendship.
B)logical...

Question 15

The queen of England's power is legitimate because it is based on what kind of authority?
A)unquestionable authority
B)regal authority
C)charismatic authority
D)traditional authority

Accepted Answer

The queen of England's power is based on traditional authority, which is derived from long-standing customs and traditions, such as the monarchy's historical role in governing the country. This type of authority is accepted as legitimate by the population because it has been in place for centuries and is deeply rooted in history and culture. It is not based on the queen's personal charisma, her position as a regal ruler, or any type of unquestionable authority.

Question 16

Which strategy contributes to empowerment?
A)convincing and persuasion
B)rewarding compliance
C)financial incentive
D)education and training

Accepted Answer

Education and training provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to make informed decisions and take action, leading to increased self-confidence and autonomy. This, in turn, contributes to their overall empowerment.

Question 17

Wealthy women CEOs enjoy the privileges of their class and status,but at the same time have to contend with the lower status women are assigned in the male-dominated business environment.Which theory of power best addresses this contradiction?
A)Patricia Hill Collins: intersectionality theory
B)Max Weber: theory of power as privilege
C)Dorothy Smith: standpoint theory
D)Michel Foucault: power/knowledge

Accepted Answer

Intersectionality theory recognizes that individuals can experience multiple forms of oppression because of their race, gender, class, sexual orientation, and other factors. Wealthy women CEOs may experience privileges due to their class and status, but they also face discrimination and stereotypes because of their gender. Intersectionality theory helps to explain how these different factors intersect and impact the experiences of these women in the male-dominated business environment.

Question 18

Based on Max Weber's understanding of status,people who are wealthy and powerful
A)have a guaranteed status.
B)can have low status.
C)do not care about status.
D)always have high status.

Accepted Answer

According to Weber, status can be determined by a variety of factors such as traits, conduct, and association. Wealth and power by themselves do not necessarily guarantee a high status. Other factors such as how they acquired their wealth or how they conduct themselves can affect their status. Therefore, wealthy and powerful people can have a low status if they are not respected or admired by others.

Question 19

The power of the president of the United States is legitimate because it is based on what kind of authority?
A)rational-legal authority
B)charismatic authority
C)popular authority
D)democratic authority

Accepted Answer

The power of the president of the United States is based on rational-legal authority, which is derived from the legal and institutional rules that structure the government. The president's authority comes from the Constitution and the laws of the United States, which define and limit the powers of the presidency. This type of authority is grounded in the belief that the rules and procedures of government are legitimate and that those who hold political power are authorized to do so by the law.

Question 20

Michel Foucault described power as
A)a punitive system.
B)a system of knowledge.
C)a control system.
D)institutional influence.

Accepted Answer

Michel Foucault viewed power as a system of knowledge, not just as a punitive system or control system. He believed that power is not just possessed by a particular group or individual, but is present in all social relationships and interactions. Power is not just exercised to repress or punish, but also to produce knowledge about individuals and groups, shaping their identities and behaviors.

Quiz 5: Power

Antonio Gramsci's concept of power as "hegemony" is based on

Max Weber defined a person's status as

Employees' respect for their boss's position and authority is an example of what kind of power?

The fact that history textbooks still disproportionately highlight the achievements of men over those of women,and thus have the power to define men as more important and more able agents of history,is an example of what type of power?

Patricia Hill Collins's concept of the matrix of domination is best described as

Max Weber defined legitimate power as based on

From Michel Foucault's distinctive perspective of power,people

All systems of stratification essentially contain which of the following combinations of factors?

Who defined power as the ability to bring about an intended outcome,even when opposed by others?

Public schools in wealthy neighborhoods are typically better funded,better equipped,and more successful than their counterparts in underprivileged areas.This inequality is a result of the residents' greater ________ power.

The most effective way to resist power for those who are weak and low in status,power,and resources is

Television shows and movies disproportionately portray the wealthy in a positive light,often as glamorous,able,and good.In contrast,negative characters are often portrayed as poor,criminal,and morally deficient.This is an example of what type of power the media exert over their audience?

According to Dorothy Smith's "standpoint theory," people view society and power from

Soft power tactics focus on

The queen of England's power is legitimate because it is based on what kind of authority?

Which strategy contributes to empowerment?

Wealthy women CEOs enjoy the privileges of their class and status,but at the same time have to contend with the lower status women are assigned in the male-dominated business environment.Which theory of power best addresses this contradiction?

Based on Max Weber's understanding of status,people who are wealthy and powerful

The power of the president of the United States is legitimate because it is based on what kind of authority?

Michel Foucault described power as