Question 1

The electrolyte that controls the distribution of water in the body and maintains fluid and electrolyte balance is

Accepted Answer

Sodium controls the distribution of water in the body and maintains fluid and electrolyte balance.

Question 2

If a surgical patient has liver disease,which IV fluid should not be given?

Accepted Answer

Patients at high risk from lactated Ringer use are those with liver disease,Addison's disease,severe pH imbalances,shock,or cardiac failure.

Question 3

The irrigation solution that is conductive and is used with caution in the presence of the ESU is which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

Saline is sodium chloride and conductive,which means it can transfer heat and current from the ESU to adjacent tissues and cause damage.

Question 4

Proteins responsible for transporting oxygen to cells are which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin is the protein responsible for transporting oxygen to the cells.

Question 5

Major electrolytes found in body fluids are sodium,chloride,calcium,and

Accepted Answer

The body fluid's major electrolytes are sodium,chloride,calcium,and potassium.Glucose,urea,and creatinine are present in body fluids but are considered nonelectrolytes.

Question 6

Which of the following is an electrolyte present in normal body fluid?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium is an electrolyte; the others are nonelectrolytes.

Question 7

Which IV solution increases insulin requirements for the patient with diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Dextrose is a natural sugar and,consequently,would increase the insulin requirements for the patient with diabetes.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a reason that IV fluids may be ordered?

Accepted Answer

In a healthy adult,approximately 60% of the total body weight is made up of fluids,electrolytes and nonelectrolytes.

Question 9

Most transfusions involve packed red blood cells (RBCs)given with

Accepted Answer

Rather than give whole blood,transfusions use packed RBCs and a volume expander to achieve the same results with less risk of transfusion reactions.

Question 10

Another name for Hartmann solution is

Accepted Answer

Hartmann solution is similar to lactated Ringer solution and is often referred to as such.

Question 11

What blood product is given when clotting factors are required?

Accepted Answer

Plasma is stored as fresh-frozen plasma to preserve clotting factors; plasma is then given when needed in addition to circulating blood volume.

Question 12

The intravenous (IV)solution used during blood transfusion is

Accepted Answer

Normal saline is the agent of choice during blood transfusion because it does not hemolyze the blood cells.

Question 13

Another name for donor blood is which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

Donor blood is referred to as homologous and includes donor blood from friends or family.

Question 14

Which common IV fluid is used in the presence of hypovolemia?

Accepted Answer

Dextrose in saline is used for temporary treatment of circulatory insufficiency and shock due to hypovolemia,in the absence of a plasma extender and for early treatment with plasma for loss of fluid due to burns.

Question 15

Testing the temperature of irrigation solution is important,because if too hot,it can

Accepted Answer

Any solution applied to the body would cause tissue damage if it were too hot.

Question 16

The volume of erythrocytes in a given volume of blood is called which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

The definition of hematocrit is the volume of erythrocytes in a given volume of blood as expressed as a percentage.

Question 17

Which form of potassium is not preferable for the patient undergoing surgery?

Accepted Answer

IV potassium can cause severe and potentially fatal cardiac rhythm disturbances; when possible,the patient should be given oral potassium in liquid,tablet,or capsule form.

Question 18

Food and fluid restrictions preoperatively can result in the surgical patient needing

Accepted Answer

Most surgical patients will have preoperative fluid and food restrictions prior to surgery,so fluid replacement is usually indicated by administering intravenous (IV)fluids.

Question 19

One of the most common IV solutions used in the surgical setting is which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

Sterile water is not used for IV solutions.Dextrose is used for patients who require easily metabolized source of calories,and Dextran is used as a volume expander.Thus 0.9% sodium chloride is the best answer.

Question 20

Dextran is an example of a

Accepted Answer

Dextran expands plasma volume by drawing fluid from the interstitial space to the intravascular fluid space and thus is a volume expander.

Quiz 11: Fluids and Irrigation Solutions