Question 1

Describe the characteristics of the Phylum Porifera. Which of those characteristics support the contention that the sponges are the basal group of the Animal kingdom?

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Question 2

Explain the concept of monophyly as it applies to the animals. How do the relationships of placozoans and poriferans,as explained in this chapter,contribute to our understanding of the base of the animal tree shown on the inside cover of the book?

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Question 3

All digestion in sponges is intracellular and is carried out by the ____________________.
Choanocytes pass filtered food to archeocytes,which digest the food intracellularly.

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Question 4

About 95% of the sponges belong to the class __________.
Members of the class Demospongiae are the most common sponges.

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Question 5

Thin,epithelial-type cells covering the outer surface of sponges are the ________________.
Pinacocytes make up the pinacoderm,the outer cellular layer of a sponge.

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Question 6

Deep-sea sponges with six-rayed siliceous spicules and a trabecular reticulum belong to the ______________.
Hexactinellids are sponges with six-rayed spicules and a trabecular reticulum.

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Question 7

There are a few marine sponges that are large enough that a small person could crawl inside.Would you have to worry about your tissues being digested?

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Question 8

Explain the unique attributes of hexactinellids as compared to other sponges.

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Question 9

About 80% of particulate organic carbon in the marine environment is in the form of the smallest particles that sponges can consume,and phagocytosis of these particles is carried out by the ____________.
Choanocytes create water currents and filter particulate food matter from the water.

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Question 10

Internal buds of freshwater sponges that can withstand adverse conditions are ____________________.
Gemmules are found in freshwater and a few marine sponges. They are internal buds that withstand harsh environmental conditions.

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Question 11

Sponge beds have been heavily "fished" for bath sponges and in other cases pollution or an imbalance in organisms has devastated other sponge beds.What is the likely overall consequence of this in the ocean environment?

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Question 12

The simplest body plan of sponges is ____________,and the plan characterized by flagellated canals is leuconoids.
Simple vase-like asconoid sponges are the simplest sponges.

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Question 13

New evidence suggests that the calcarea belong to a clade separate from other sponges.Discuss the evidence upon which this idea is based.

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Quiz 12: Sponges and Placozoans

Describe the characteristics of the Phylum Porifera. Which of those characteristics support the contention that the sponges are the basal group of the Animal kingdom?

Explain the concept of monophyly as it applies to the animals. How do the relationships of placozoans and poriferans,as explained in this chapter,contribute to our understanding of the base of the animal tree shown on the inside cover of the book?

All digestion in sponges is intracellular and is carried out by the ____________________. Choanocytes pass filtered food to archeocytes,which digest the food intracellularly.

About 95% of the sponges belong to the class __________. Members of the class Demospongiae are the most common sponges.

Thin,epithelial-type cells covering the outer surface of sponges are the ________________. Pinacocytes make up the pinacoderm,the outer cellular layer of a sponge.

Deep-sea sponges with six-rayed siliceous spicules and a trabecular reticulum belong to the ______________. Hexactinellids are sponges with six-rayed spicules and a trabecular reticulum.

There are a few marine sponges that are large enough that a small person could crawl inside.Would you have to worry about your tissues being digested?

Explain the unique attributes of hexactinellids as compared to other sponges.

About 80% of particulate organic carbon in the marine environment is in the form of the smallest particles that sponges can consume,and phagocytosis of these particles is carried out by the ____________. Choanocytes create water currents and filter particulate food matter from the water.

Internal buds of freshwater sponges that can withstand adverse conditions are ____________________. Gemmules are found in freshwater and a few marine sponges. They are internal buds that withstand harsh environmental conditions.

Sponge beds have been heavily "fished" for bath sponges and in other cases pollution or an imbalance in organisms has devastated other sponge beds.What is the likely overall consequence of this in the ocean environment?

The simplest body plan of sponges is ____________,and the plan characterized by flagellated canals is leuconoids. Simple vase-like asconoid sponges are the simplest sponges.

New evidence suggests that the calcarea belong to a clade separate from other sponges.Discuss the evidence upon which this idea is based.