Question 1

What is the term for the gurgling sounds that infants make in the back of their throats?
A) Mumbling
B) Babbling
C) Cooing
D) Crying

Accepted Answer

The term for the gurgling sounds that infants make in the back of their throats is cooing. Mumbling refers to unclear and indistinct speech, babbling involves making repetitive syllables or sounds, and crying is a vocal expression of distress or discomfort.

Question 2

Reading orally to a child affects all of the following EXCEPT
A) how well children speak.
B) how well children read.
C) how well a child will do in school.
D) how soon children speak.

Accepted Answer

Reading orally to a child does not necessarily affect how soon they speak, as children typically start speaking at different ages regardless of whether they are read to or not. However, reading orally to a child can have positive effects on their language development, vocabulary, comprehension, and overall readiness for school.

Question 3

Tests that compare a baby's performance on a series of tasks with norms established by a large group of test-takers are called
A) developmental tasks.
B) tests of heredity.
C) biochemical tests.
D) tests of deferred imitation.

Accepted Answer

Developmental tasks are tasks that a typical child should be able to perform at certain age ranges. Tests that compare a baby's performance on a series of tasks with these established norms fall under this category. Options B, C, and D do not accurately describe this type of test.

Question 4

List the six approaches to studying cognitive development.Choose one to define and describe its strengths and weaknesses in explaining cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the six approaches to studying cognitive...

Question 5

As Cynthia is reading her textbook and trying to learn the material,she will be relying MOST heavily on her
A) working memory.
B) echoic memory.
C) iconic memory.
D) sensory memory.

Accepted Answer

When actively reading and trying to learn material, Cynthia will be relying heavily on her working memory, which is responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information. This allows her to comprehend and make connections between new information and previously acquired knowledge. Echoic memory is responsible for short-term auditory information, iconic memory is responsible for short-term visual information, and sensory memory is responsible for briefly storing all sensory information. While these memory systems may play a role in Cynthia's learning process, working memory will be the primary one.

Question 6

The best way for babies to learn speech is from
A) television.
B) recordings.
C) practice in overextension.
D) communication with a person.

Accepted Answer

Communication with a person provides infants with feedback and interaction that helps them learn speech and language more effectively than passive exposure to television or recordings. Overextension is a normal part of the language learning process, but it is not the main way infants learn speech.

Question 7

What is the term for the tendency to apply a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word's meaning?
A) Pragmatic error
B) Underextension
C) Syntactical error
D) Overextension

Accepted Answer

Overextension is the term used to describe the tendency to apply a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word's meaning. An example of overextension is a child referring to all four-legged animals as "dogs."

Question 8

When Martin and his dad sit down to read at the end of the day,Martin's dad encourages him to think deeply about the story,and to make predictions and inferences.Martin's dad uses the ______ style.
A) describer
B) performance-oriented
C) comprehender
D) linguistic

Accepted Answer

Martin's dad encourages him to think deeply about the story and to make predictions and inferences, which aligns with the comprehender reading style. The comprehender style focuses on understanding the meaning of the text and using critical thinking skills to make connections and draw conclusions.

Question 9

If a 2-year-old utters the word "up," and it means "Please pick me up; I am tired of walking," the child has used a(n)
A) undergeneralization.
B) two-word utterance.
C) holophrase.
D) symbolic gesture.

Accepted Answer

A holophrase is a single word or phrase that conveys a complete thought or idea, often used by young children before they develop more complex language skills. In this scenario, the child's use of the word "up" to communicate their desire to be picked up indicates the use of a holophrase.

Question 10

The amount and quality of verbal interaction between parents and children seems to be affected by the
A) socioeconomic status of the family.
B) IQ level of parents.
C) psychological identity and personality of parents.
D) age of parents.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that families with higher socioeconomic status tend to have more verbal interaction between parents and children. This may be due to factors such as higher educational levels and greater emphasis on language development. IQ level, psychological identity, personality, and age of parents have not been found to have as strong of an impact on verbal interaction.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT associated with child-centered speech?
A) Motherese
B) Parentese
C) Baby talk
D) Babbling

Accepted Answer

Babbling is not considered child-centered speech, as it refers to the prelinguistic vocalizations of infants and does not involve the specific modifications to language that are characteristic of motherese, parentese, or baby talk.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding common first words?
A) The first words that babies utter today reflect the current culture, and change with the generations.
B) Common first words for babies are the same now as they were 50 years ago.
C) Infants' first words are part of their receptive vocabulary.
D) Infants will not utter their first words until about 18 months of age on average.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is TRUE...

Question 13

What is the term for the production of strings of consonant-vowel combinations?
A) Gesturing
B) Cooing
C) Crying
D) Babbling

Accepted Answer

The term for the production of strings of consonant-vowel combinations is babbling. Babbling is a stage of language development in which babies produce sounds that resemble language, but are not yet actual words.

Question 14

What term describes the sound infants begin to make at 2 to 4 months?
A) Gesturing
B) Babbling
C) Crying
D) Cooing

Accepted Answer

Cooing is a term that describes the soft, vowel-like sounds that infants begin to make at around 2 to 4 months of age. These sounds are usually made in response to a caregiver's voice or actions, and are an early form of communication for the infant. Babbling, on the other hand, typically begins at around 6 months of age and involves the repetition of consonant-vowel combinations, such as "ba-ba" or "ma-ma."

Question 15

The use of parentese,or child-directed speech,includes which of the following?
A) Use of short words and simple sentences
B) Low-pitched speech
C) Rapid speech
D) None of these

Accepted Answer

Parentese, or child-directed speech, is characterized by the use of short words and simple sentences to facilitate language learning in children.

Question 16

Toni's Grandpa Sully was a schoolteacher for 40 years.When they sit down to read,Toni's grandpa first introduces the main themes,then reads the story all the way through,and finally ends by asking questions.Her grandpa uses the ______ style.
A) describer
B) performance-oriented
C) comprehender
D) linguistic

Accepted Answer

The use of introduction, reading the story all the way through and asking questions at the end indicate a performance-oriented style of reading. This style emphasizes on the delivery and comprehension of information rather than just describing it.

Question 17

When she reads to him,Louis's mother focuses on what is going on in every picture and tries to engage him to do so also.She uses the ______ style.
A) describer
B) performance-oriented
C) comprehender
D) linguistic

Accepted Answer

The describer style involves focusing on the details and actions in the pictures, encouraging engagement with the visual elements of the story.

Question 18

Andrew is an 18-month-old boy.His mother has been cleaning the house.Andrew watches her vacuum,wash the windows,and sweep the kitchen floor.The next day his mother watches as Andrew takes his toy vacuum and pretends to vacuum the floor.What cognitive technique is Andrew demonstrating?
A) Habituation
B) Explicit memory
C) Deferred imitation
D) Repetitive modeling

Accepted Answer

Andrew is demonstrating deferred imitation, which means he is observing and remembering his mother's actions and then imitating them later on. This requires cognitive processes such as attention, memory, and motor planning.

Question 19

Infants __________ simplified speech,or child-directed speech.
A) avoid
B) prefer
C) don't like
D) are delayed in speech development with

Accepted Answer

Infants prefer simplified speech, also known as child-directed speech, because it is easier for them to understand and learn from. This type of speech is characterized by slower, exaggerated intonation, simple vocabulary, and short sentences.

Question 20

MacKenzie is an 18-month-old girl.Her family has a white poodle for a pet,and MacKenzie has learned that the poodle is a puppy.She refuses to call any other dog "puppy." In what is MacKenzie engaging?
A) Holophrasing
B) Syntactical error
C) Underextension
D) Overextension

Accepted Answer

MacKenzie is exhibiting underextension by only calling the white poodle a "puppy" and refusing to use the label for any other type of dog. This is an example of a child's limited use of language to describe a specific object or concept, rather than a syntactical error, holophrasing, or overextension.

Quiz 5: Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

What is the term for the gurgling sounds that infants make in the back of their throats?

Reading orally to a child affects all of the following EXCEPT

Tests that compare a baby's performance on a series of tasks with norms established by a large group of test-takers are called

List the six approaches to studying cognitive development.Choose one to define and describe its strengths and weaknesses in explaining cognitive development.

As Cynthia is reading her textbook and trying to learn the material,she will be relying MOST heavily on her

The best way for babies to learn speech is from

What is the term for the tendency to apply a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word's meaning?

When Martin and his dad sit down to read at the end of the day,Martin's dad encourages him to think deeply about the story,and to make predictions and inferences.Martin's dad uses the ______ style.

If a 2-year-old utters the word "up," and it means "Please pick me up; I am tired of walking," the child has used a(n)

The amount and quality of verbal interaction between parents and children seems to be affected by the

Which of the following is NOT associated with child-centered speech?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding common first words?

What is the term for the production of strings of consonant-vowel combinations?

What term describes the sound infants begin to make at 2 to 4 months?

The use of parentese,or child-directed speech,includes which of the following?

Toni's Grandpa Sully was a schoolteacher for 40 years.When they sit down to read,Toni's grandpa first introduces the main themes,then reads the story all the way through,and finally ends by asking questions.Her grandpa uses the ______ style.

When she reads to him,Louis's mother focuses on what is going on in every picture and tries to engage him to do so also.She uses the ______ style.

Andrew is an 18-month-old boy.His mother has been cleaning the house.Andrew watches her vacuum,wash the windows,and sweep the kitchen floor.The next day his mother watches as Andrew takes his toy vacuum and pretends to vacuum the floor.What cognitive technique is Andrew demonstrating?

Infants __________ simplified speech,or child-directed speech.

MacKenzie is an 18-month-old girl.Her family has a white poodle for a pet,and MacKenzie has learned that the poodle is a puppy.She refuses to call any other dog "puppy." In what is MacKenzie engaging?