Question 1

Eight-year-old Georgia's family is always playing some new game at home,watching a variety of TV shows,and engaging in a variety of highly stimulating activities.This cognitive stimulation will lead to

Accepted Answer

Cognitive stimulation at home can lead to higher intrinsic motivation for learning, as children are exposed to a variety of engaging activities that can spark their curiosity and desire to learn more. This can result in a love for learning that extends beyond the classroom and into their personal lives.

Question 2

Social promotion refers to the practice of

Accepted Answer

Social promotion is the practice of promoting students to the next grade level based on their age, even if they have not met the academic standards for that grade level. It is often done to avoid retaining students, which can be seen as stigmatizing or damaging to their self-esteem. However, social promotion can lead to students being unprepared for the next grade level and can contribute to high dropout rates.

Question 3

According to your text,gender differences in school achievement are largest and most reliable between

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your text,gender differences in school...

Question 4

A child who sounds out a word by translating it from print to speech is

Accepted Answer

Decoding is the process of sounding out and recognizing words from print. It involves translating the written word into speech, which is what the child is doing in this scenario. Encoding, on the other hand, involves the opposite process of translating spoken words into written text. Long-coding and short-coding are not common terms in reading education.

Question 5

Jamal just finished reading a passage from his history book and realized that he did not understand much of what he read the first time through.As a result,Jamal decides to reread the passage before moving on.Jamal is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Jamal is demonstrating metacognition by recognizing that he did not understand the passage and deciding to reread it. Metacognition is the ability to reflect on and monitor one's own thinking processes. Mnemonics are memory techniques, interpersonal intelligence refers to the ability to understand and interact effectively with others, and contextual intelligence is the ability to understand and navigate different cultural contexts.

Question 6

During the school years,the practical use of language,or __________,develops.

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics refers to the practical use of language in different social contexts and situations. This includes understanding and using appropriate language for specific situations, understanding sarcasm and humor, being able to take turns during conversations, and being able to use language to achieve certain goals or purposes. Syntax refers to the structure of language, semantics refers to the meaning of words and sentences, and code switching refers to the ability to switch between languages or dialects depending on the social setting. While all of these aspects of language are important, it is pragmatics that specifically involves the practical use of language.

Question 7

Intellectual disability is indicated by an IQ below

Accepted Answer

Intellectual disability is defined as having an IQ score below 70, which indicates significant limitations in intellectual functioning. IQ scores are generally standardized to have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, so an IQ of 70 is two standard deviations below the mean. This means that individuals with intellectual disability may have difficulty with adaptive skills, such as communication, social skills, and independent living, and may require support in these areas.

Question 8

The practice of promoting children who do not meet grade-level academic standards is called __________ promotion,and there continues to be disagreement about the effectiveness of its practice.

Accepted Answer

Social promotion is the practice of promoting students to the next grade level even if they have not met the academic standards typically required for that grade. This is often done to keep them with their age group peers for social reasons, despite disagreements on its effectiveness.

Question 9

In about one-third of cases of intellectual disability,the cause is

Accepted Answer

In about one-third of cases of intellectual disability, the cause is unknown. This can be due to a variety of factors, such as genetic mutations that have not been identified or environmental factors that have not been fully understood.

Question 10

Drawing from the text,factors that most affect success in first grade include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The text does not mention increasing physical education as a factor that affects success in first grade. However, it does mention engaging students in discussion, frequent literacy instruction, and encouraging responsibility as important factors.

Question 11

Most children in the United States who speak a second language use

Accepted Answer

Spanish is the second most spoken language in the United States, making it the most common second language for children to learn.

Question 12

Charter schools have the following benefits EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The statement "they have higher student academic outcomes than public schools" is not true for all charter schools. While some charter schools do have higher student academic outcomes, others perform worse than their public school counterparts. Therefore, this statement cannot be considered a universal benefit of all charter schools.

Question 13

According to research,which type of second-language learning is most successful?

Accepted Answer

Two-way (dual-language) learning is most successful according to research because it supports learning in both the student's native language and the second language, enhancing cognitive skills and academic achievement.

Question 14

Homeschooling is legal in ______ of the 50 United States.

Accepted Answer

Homeschooling is legal in all 50 United States, although there may be different requirements or regulations in each state.

Question 15

According to the text,schools have adopted different approaches around second language learning.These include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The text lists three approaches schools have adopted for second language learning: English immersion, bilingual education, and dual language learning. Multilingual education is not listed as one of the approaches.

Question 16

The skills involved in developing metacognition include all of the following strategies EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Improving spelling is not a strategy directly related to developing metacognition, which primarily involves awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes and learning strategies. The other three strategies listed (thinking of examples, visualizing relationships, and summarizing) all involve reflection and analysis of one's own learning, and are commonly used in metacognitive practices.

Question 17

What is the effect of parents' involvement in their children's schooling?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that parental involvement in their children's schooling leads to improved attitudes and performance. This can include activities like helping with homework, attending school events, and communicating regularly with teachers. Studies have also shown that this effect is not limited to well-educated parents, but can benefit children at all levels of socio-economic status.

Question 18

Paula scores high in self-efficacy.This means that Paula

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to the belief in one's ability to regulate their own learning and mastery of their environment. Therefore, Paula is likely to believe that she can regulate her own learning. Option A is incorrect because the high self-efficacy of Paula suggests that she is already proficient in metacognitive skills. Option B is incorrect because self-efficacy refers to a realistic assessment of one's abilities, not false beliefs. Option D is incorrect because self-efficacy is helpful regardless of whether or not someone has a learning disability.

Question 19

Which parenting style seems to promote high-achieving children?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative parenting style is known to promote high-achieving children as it involves setting clear rules and expectations while also showing warmth and support. This style promotes independence, self-discipline, and positive social skills, all of which contribute to high achievement. Authoritarian parenting, on the other hand, can lead to higher levels of anxiety and lower self-esteem, while permissive parenting may not provide enough structure and discipline for children to achieve their full potential. Obligatory parenting is not a recognized parenting style.

Question 20

Congress adopted an act to improve educational accountability,parental options,and local flexibility.This act is called

Accepted Answer

The act mentioned in the question is commonly known as "No Child Left Behind" (NCLB) which was adopted in 2002. Option A is incorrect as it substitutes "student" for "child". Option C and D are also incorrect as they assert that no student or child will fail, which is not the main objective of the act. The act aimed to improve educational accountability and provide parental options and local flexibility to schools.

Quiz 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood