Question 1

On average,in which country do people live the longest?
A) United States
B) Nepal
C) France
D) Japan

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2021, Japan has the highest average life expectancy of 84.6 years. This is followed by countries like Switzerland, Singapore, and Spain. The United States has an average life expectancy of 78.9 years, while Nepal and France have averages of 70.8 years and 82.7 years respectively.

Question 2

Autoimmune theory suggests that the aging immune system may release antibodies that attack the body's own cells.This cell breakdown has been suggested as a factor in
A) Tay-Sachs disease.
B) Alzheimer disease.
C) sickle-cell anemia
D) muscular dystrophy.

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune theory suggests that the aging immune system may release antibodies that attack the body's own cells, including brain cells. This has been suggested as a factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 3

Compared with American men,American women tend to
A) live longer.
B) have fewer years of poor health.
C) have a higher quality of life in old age.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared with American men,American women tend to
A)...

Question 4

Who is most likely to have the longest life expectancy in the United States?
A) White male
B) African-American female
C) Hispanic female
D) African-American male

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hispanic females have the longest life expectancy in the United States, with an average of 84.1 years. This can be attributed to various factors such as lower rates of smoking and alcohol consumption, healthier diets and lifestyles, and access to healthcare.

Question 5

We know that the efficiency of the immune system declines with age.Predictions of survival rates have been made through
A) the rate of cell division.
B) variable rate theories.
C) measures of immune cell levels.
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

Measures of immune cell levels have been found to be the best predictor of survival rates in older adults. This is because immune cell levels decrease with age, resulting in a weaker immune response and increased susceptibility to infections and diseases. The other options (A and B) may be factors that contribute to the decline in immune system efficiency but may not provide a direct measure of immune cell levels and their impact on survival rates.

Question 6

Your roommate tells you to take care of your body and don't subject it to stress because it will make you age faster.Your roommate's advice is consistent with the _______________ theory of aging.
A) wear-and-tear
B) programmed-aging
C) expectancy
D) senescence-related

Accepted Answer

The wear-and-tear theory of aging suggests that the body undergoes damage and deterioration over time, much like a machine that wears out with use. Stress is believed to be a factor that contributes to this damage, causing faster aging and increased susceptibility to disease. Therefore, your roommate's advice to avoid stress aligns with this theory.

Question 7

Which of the following terms is used for the theory that bodies age in accordance with a normal developmental pattern built into every organism?
A) Genetic programming
B) Wear-and-tear
C) Primary aging
D) Secondary aging

Accepted Answer

Genetic programming is the theory that bodies age in accordance with a normal developmental pattern built into every organism. This theory suggests that development and aging are predetermined by the genes present in an individual.

Question 8

During the last several years,Brian,who is now 87 years old,has experienced a decline in his hearing and vision.He also has increasing difficulty walking up stairs and lifting things.According to the text,Brian is in the _______________ period of life.
A) terminal
B) foreclosed
C) primary deterioration
D) senescent

Accepted Answer

Brian's symptoms indicate that he is in the senescent period of life, which is characterized by physical decline and decreased functionality. Terminal period refers to the end of life, while foreclosed period refers to a stage of life where an individual has made fixed and inflexible life choices. Primary deterioration is not a term used to describe a specific period of life.

Question 9

By the age of _________,the ratio of women to men is about 2 to 1.
A) 65
B) 75
C) 85
D) 95

Accepted Answer

By the age of 85, the ratio of women to men is approximately 2 to 1, reflecting women's longer life expectancy compared to men's.

Question 10

Senescence is
A) intellectual deterioration in late adulthood.
B) the period of life marked by declines in body functioning related to aging.
C) remarkably consistent, occurring at about the same age for everyone.
D) something that happens only in Western cultures.

Accepted Answer

Senescence refers to declines in physical functioning related to aging, which often occur in late adulthood. This can include declines in sensory abilities, cognitive functioning, and physical movement. It is a natural process that affects individuals differently based on various factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and environment. It is not limited to Western cultures, but occurs across different cultures and societies.

Question 11

Damage associated with free radicals,highly unstable oxygen atoms formed during metabolism,has been mentioned as a factor in all of the following EXCEPT
A) neurological disorders.
B) genetic disorders.
C) muscular dystrophy.
D) late-onset diabetes.

Accepted Answer

Free radicals are known to cause damage to cells and tissues, contributing to aging and various diseases, including neurological disorders, muscular dystrophy, and late-onset diabetes. However, genetic disorders are primarily caused by alterations in DNA sequence or structure, not directly by free radicals.

Question 12

All of the following are considered genetic-programming theories of aging EXCEPT
A) endocrine theory.
B) immunological theory.
C) evolutionary theory.
D) wear-and-tear theory.

Accepted Answer

The wear-and-tear theory of aging suggests that aging results from damage to cells and tissues over time due to various factors, including environmental damage and internal processes. This theory is not considered a genetic-programming theory of aging, as it does not focus on the genetic programming or predetermined aspects of aging. In contrast, theories like the endocrine, immunological, and evolutionary theories involve genetic components and how they influence the aging process.

Question 13

Both internal and external factors may influence the process of aging.Variable-rate theories include all of the following factors EXCEPT
A) damage due to chance.
B) environmental assaults.
C) metabolism.
D) free radicals.

Accepted Answer

Variable-rate theories of aging typically attribute the causes of aging to factors that vary across individuals rather than universal laws. These theories suggest that factors such as damage due to chance, environmental assaults, and the accumulation of free radicals can influence the process of aging. However, metabolism is not considered a variable-rate factor in these theories, as it is seen as a constant aspect of human biology.

Question 14

How long can Bart,an American,expect to live in good health,free of disabilities?
A) 53 years
B) 61 years
C) 78 years
D) 88 years

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization, the life expectancy of an American in good health, free of disabilities, is 78 years. Therefore, Bart can expect to live up to 78 years in good health without disabilities.

Question 15

Your psychology professor states that a woman born today in Nepal can be expected to live to be only about 53 years old.Your professor is describing the _______________ of Nepalese women.
A) longevity
B) functional age
C) life expectancy
D) All of these

Accepted Answer

Life expectancy is the average number of years a population is expected to live. In this scenario, the professor is stating that Nepalese women have a life expectancy of 53 years, meaning on average they are expected to live until age 53. Choice A (longevity) refers to the length of an individual's lifespan, while choice B (functional age) refers to how well someone is aging in terms of physical and cognitive functioning.

Question 16

Which of the following terms is used for the theory that the body ages because of continued use and accumulated "insults"?
A) Programmed aging
B) Wear-and-tear
C) Primary aging
D) Tertiary aging

Accepted Answer

The wear-and-tear theory posits that as the body experiences continued use and "insults" such as exposure to toxins or radiation, it gradually wears down and ages.

Question 17

A baby born in the United States in the year 2005 could be expected to live about ______________ years longer than a baby born in the year 1900.
A) 20
B) 25
C) 30
D) 35

Accepted Answer

According to data from the United Nations, life expectancy in the United States has increased from 47.3 years in 1900 to 77.3 years in 2005. Therefore, a baby born in 2005 could expect to live about 30 years longer than a baby born in 1900.

Question 18

One reason that the United States ranks 33rd among industrialized countries in healthy life expectancy rates is due to
A) hardiness of rural residents over city dwellers who face more population density.
B) a small number of HIV-related deaths compared to other countries.
C) fairly high levels of violence.
D) low rates of coronary heart disease.

Accepted Answer

The text explicitly states that "fairly high levels of violence" contribute to the United States ranking 33rd among industrialized countries in healthy life expectancy rates. Therefore, option C is the correct choice. Option A is not mentioned in the text, and though option B is mentioned, it is not a reason for the low healthy life expectancy rate. Option D is the opposite, stating that the low rates of heart disease would indicate a higher rank in healthy life expectancy rates.

Question 19

What is the MOST significant reason the gap in life expectancy between men and women is narrowing?
A) An increasing number of women are dying in childbirth.
B) An increasing number of women are smoking.
C) An increasing number of women are in the workplace.
D) An increasing number of women are using hormone replacement therapy.

Accepted Answer

The most significant reason the gap in life expectancy between men and women is narrowing is due to an increasing number of women adopting behaviors traditionally associated with men, such as smoking. This lifestyle change negatively impacts women's health and contributes to a decrease in their life expectancy, thus narrowing the gap between genders.

Question 20

When specific genes "switch off" before age-related losses,it is referred to as
A) a hormonal change effect.
B) a fatal illness.
C) programmed senescence.
D) genetic interference.

Accepted Answer

Programmed senescence is the process by which specific genes "switch off" before age-related losses. This is a natural and genetically programmed process, rather than the result of hormonal changes, illness, or interference.

Quiz 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

On average,in which country do people live the longest?

Autoimmune theory suggests that the aging immune system may release antibodies that attack the body's own cells.This cell breakdown has been suggested as a factor in

Compared with American men,American women tend to

Who is most likely to have the longest life expectancy in the United States?

We know that the efficiency of the immune system declines with age.Predictions of survival rates have been made through

Your roommate tells you to take care of your body and don't subject it to stress because it will make you age faster.Your roommate's advice is consistent with the _______________ theory of aging.

Which of the following terms is used for the theory that bodies age in accordance with a normal developmental pattern built into every organism?

During the last several years,Brian,who is now 87 years old,has experienced a decline in his hearing and vision.He also has increasing difficulty walking up stairs and lifting things.According to the text,Brian is in the _______________ period of life.

By the age of _________,the ratio of women to men is about 2 to 1.

Senescence is

Damage associated with free radicals,highly unstable oxygen atoms formed during metabolism,has been mentioned as a factor in all of the following EXCEPT

All of the following are considered genetic-programming theories of aging EXCEPT

Both internal and external factors may influence the process of aging.Variable-rate theories include all of the following factors EXCEPT

How long can Bart,an American,expect to live in good health,free of disabilities?

Your psychology professor states that a woman born today in Nepal can be expected to live to be only about 53 years old.Your professor is describing the _______________ of Nepalese women.

Which of the following terms is used for the theory that the body ages because of continued use and accumulated "insults"?

A baby born in the United States in the year 2005 could be expected to live about ______________ years longer than a baby born in the year 1900.

One reason that the United States ranks 33rd among industrialized countries in healthy life expectancy rates is due to

What is the MOST significant reason the gap in life expectancy between men and women is narrowing?

When specific genes "switch off" before age-related losses,it is referred to as