Question 1

Piaget proposed that children and adolescents use and adopt their schemas through the processes of _____ and accommodation.
A)adaptation
B)analysis
C)assimilation
D)application

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding the corpus callosum is NOT true?
A)It is a large bundle of axon fibers.
B)It becomes smaller in adolescence.
C)Its change in adolescence improves the ability to process information.
D)All of these are false.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

What process is going on when individuals change their existing way of thinking as a result of new information?
A)accommodation
B)equilibration
C)synthesis
D)assimilation

Accepted Answer

Accommodation is the process of changing one's existing way of thinking as a result of new information. This involves adjusting our mental schemas or frameworks to account for new experiences or information that does not fit with our current understanding.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding the amygdala is TRUE?
A)It is the seat of emotions.
B)It is part of the limbic system.
C)It matures much earlier than the prefrontal cortex.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is a small almond-shaped region in the brain that is involved in processing emotions, particularly fear and anxiety. It is part of the limbic system, a group of brain structures that also includes the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cingulate gyrus, which are involved in memory, motivation, and emotion. The amygdala matures much earlier than the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and impulse control. Therefore, all of the statements are true.

Question 5

The bundle of axon fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the brain is called the
A)corpus callosum.
B)prefrontal cortex.
C)hippocampus.
D)amygdala.

Accepted Answer

The bundle of axon fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the brain is called the corpus callosum.

Question 6

The prefrontal cortex is primarily involved with
A)reasoning.
B)processing emotions,such as love.
C)emotional regulation.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is involved in all of these functions. It is responsible for reasoning, emotional processing, and emotional regulation.

Question 7

Julie suffered a stroke in the area of her hippocampus.Which of the following difficulties would you expect Julie to experience?
A)difficulty in maintaining her balance
B)problems with her memory
C)problems with night vision
D)loss of her sense of touch

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a region of the brain responsible for forming and retrieving memories, so damage to this area would likely lead to problems with memory retention and recall. The other options listed are associated with different regions of the brain and are not likely to be affected by damage to the hippocampus.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding Piaget's concrete operational stage is NOT true?
A)Logical reasoning replaces intuitive thought when the principles can be applied to concrete examples.
B)It last from approximately 7 to 11 years of age.
C)It is the second Piagetian stage.
D)It involves using mental actions to do what was previously done physically.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements regarding Piaget's...

Question 9

Adolescents _____ their experiences to help them _____ their cognitive worlds.
A)organize;passively construct
B)passive construct;adapt
C)adapt;assimilate
D)organize;actively construct

Accepted Answer

Adolescents actively construct their experiences to help them organize their cognitive worlds. This is known as active, or constructivist, learning.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a basic part of a neuron?
A)dendrite(s)
B)axon
C)cell body
D)synapse

Accepted Answer

A synapse is not a basic part of a neuron, but rather it is a gap or junction between two neurons where chemical or electrical signals are transmitted. The basic parts of a neuron include the dendrites, axon, and cell body.

Question 11

Increases in levels of dopamine can do which of the following?
A)increase risk of onset of schizophrenia
B)increase risk-taking behavior
C)increase risk of use of addictive drugs
D)All of these choices are correct

Accepted Answer

Increases in levels of dopamine have been linked to all of these effects. Higher levels of dopamine have been implicated in the onset of schizophrenia, as well as increased risk-taking behaviors and drug addiction.

Question 12

What is the main difference between a myelinated cell process and a cell process without myelin?
A)Myelinated cell processes are more efficient at information processing than non myelinated cell processes.
B)Myelinated cell processes are slower at information processing than non myelinated cell processes.
C)Non myelinated cell processes are faster at information processing than myelinated cell processes.
D)There is no difference between myelinated and non myelinated cell processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the main difference between a...

Question 13

What process is going on when individuals incorporate new knowledge into their existing knowledge bases?
A)accommodation
B)equilibration
C)synthesis
D)assimilation

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process of fitting new information into existing cognitive schemas, or mental frameworks. This involves taking information that is new to the individual and comparing it to what is already known, and then altering the existing schema to accommodate the new information. Equilibration refers to the process of balancing old and new information in order to create a stable understanding of a concept. Synthesis involves combining different ideas or pieces of information to create a new understanding, while accommodation involves modifying existing schemas in response to new information that cannot be assimilated.

Question 14

Lisa,age 18,finds that she cannot control her emotions when she becomes angry.She lashes out at those around her in an inappropriate way.Nelson and colleagues would say that Lisa's _____ is not able to handle the emotional intensity of her _____.
A)amygdala;prefrontal cortex
B)prefrontal cortex;amygdala
C)median forebrain bundle;cerebellum
D)pons;amygdala

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for regulating emotional responses and making decisions based on those emotions, while the amygdala is the brain structure that processes emotions, particularly fear and aggression. Therefore, if Lisa is unable to control her emotions and is lashing out inappropriately, it suggests that her prefrontal cortex may not be able to regulate her amygdala's response to emotional stimuli.

Question 15

The basic units of the nervous system are
A)synapses.
B)neurons.
C)neuronal matrixes.
D)neurofibrillary plaques.

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system. Synapses, neuronal matrixes, and neurofibrillary plaques are all components or structures associated with neurons, but are not considered the basic units themselves.

Question 16

According to Piaget,adolescents are motivated to understand their world because doing so
A)makes them look "cool" to their friends.
B)makes them look grown up to their parents.
C)is biologically adaptive.
D)is necessary for making friends and starting romances.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, adolescents are motivated to understand their world because doing so is biologically adaptive. It helps them to develop and adapt to their environment as they transition into adulthood. Options A, B, and D, while they may be perceived as motivations for some adolescents, are not consistent with Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 17

Increasing age interferes with the brain's ability to recover from injury because
A)the brain repairs itself best in childhood and adolescence.
B)brain plasticity disappears entirely by emerging adulthood.
C)brain plasticity is best in middle age.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the brain's ability to recover from injury declines with age, and that the brain repairs itself better in childhood and adolescence compared to later in life. This is due in part to the fact that the brain's plasticity and ability to form new neural connections decreases with age.

Question 18

Stan tells you that he sustained a head injury as the result of a car accident.He has since lost his sense of smell.Stan's accident likely damaged his
A)olfactory bulb.
B)amygdala.
C)occipital lobe.
D)association area.

Accepted Answer

The olfactory bulb is responsible for processing information regarding smell. Damage to this area can result in a loss of the sense of smell, also known as anosmia. The amygdala is responsible for emotional processing and memory formation, the occipital lobe is responsible for visual processing, and the association area is responsible for integrating information from multiple sensory modalities.

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding neurogenesis is NOT true?
A)People can generate new brain cells throughout their lives.
B)Researchers have documented neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
C)Drugs,stress,and exercise may affect neurogenesis.
D)Researchers have documented neurogenesis in the prefrontal cortex.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true. Although there is some debate among researchers, current evidence suggests that neurogenesis is limited or absent in the prefrontal cortex of adult humans. Neurogenesis has been extensively documented in the hippocampus, and studies suggest that factors such as drugs, stress, and exercise can affect this process.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about synaptogenesis is NOT true?
A)Synaptogenesis begins in infancy.
B)Synaptogenesis continues in adolescence.
C)Synaptogenesis ends in late childhood.
D)Synaptogenesis is the process of building connections between neurons.

Accepted Answer

Synaptogenesis does not end in late childhood, but rather continues throughout life. While there may be a peak in synaptogenesis during early childhood, new connections between neurons can continue to form and be modified in response to experiences throughout adolescence and adulthood.

Quiz 3: The Brain and Cognitive Development

Piaget proposed that children and adolescents use and adopt their schemas through the processes of _____ and accommodation.

Which of the following statements regarding the corpus callosum is NOT true?

What process is going on when individuals change their existing way of thinking as a result of new information?

Which of the following statements regarding the amygdala is TRUE?

The bundle of axon fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the brain is called the

The prefrontal cortex is primarily involved with

Julie suffered a stroke in the area of her hippocampus.Which of the following difficulties would you expect Julie to experience?

Which of the following statements regarding Piaget's concrete operational stage is NOT true?

Adolescents _ their experiences to help them _ their cognitive worlds.

Which of the following is NOT a basic part of a neuron?

Increases in levels of dopamine can do which of the following?

What is the main difference between a myelinated cell process and a cell process without myelin?

What process is going on when individuals incorporate new knowledge into their existing knowledge bases?

Lisa,age 18,finds that she cannot control her emotions when she becomes angry.She lashes out at those around her in an inappropriate way.Nelson and colleagues would say that Lisa's _ is not able to handle the emotional intensity of her _.

The basic units of the nervous system are

According to Piaget,adolescents are motivated to understand their world because doing so

Increasing age interferes with the brain's ability to recover from injury because

Stan tells you that he sustained a head injury as the result of a car accident.He has since lost his sense of smell.Stan's accident likely damaged his

Which of the following statements regarding neurogenesis is NOT true?

Which of the following statements about synaptogenesis is NOT true?