Question 1

A condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes is known as _____.
A) class stratification
B) social mobility
C) class mobility
D) class consciousness

Accepted Answer

Class consciousness refers to a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background, and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes.

Question 2

Max Weber coined the term _____ to denote the tendency on the part of Protestants to work hard and accumulate wealth.
A) Protestant work ethic
B) Protestant belief system
C) Protestant devotion
D) Protestant morale

Accepted Answer

Max Weber coined the term Protestant work ethic to denote the tendency on the part of Protestants to work hard and accumulate wealth.

Question 3

The term _____ also means culture.
A) folkway
B) society
C) country
D) norm

Accepted Answer

The relationship between culture and country is often ambiguous. Even if a country can be characterized as having a single homogeneous culture, often that national culture is a mosaic of subcultures. To abide by these cultural nuances, businesspeople should be aware of the delicate issues pertaining to folkways.

Question 4

Ethical systems are:
A) a set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior.
B) shared beliefs and rituals that are concerned with the realm of the sacred.
C) routine conventions of everyday life.
D) social rules that govern people's actions toward each other.

Accepted Answer

Ethical systems refer to a set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior.

Question 5

An upper-middle-class manager tends to have hostile relationship with the working-class employees in the firm because of his tendency to perceive himself as superior to them based on his class background. In this example, the manager exhibits _____.
A) class consciousness
B) cultural awareness
C) social mobility
D) group orientation

Accepted Answer

Class consciousness refers to a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background, and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes.

Question 6

A society's social structure refers to its:
A) system of values and norms.
B) basic social organization.
C) religious practices.
D) educational infrastructure.

Accepted Answer

A society's social structure refers to its basic social organization.

Question 7

Religion may be defined as:
A) routine conventions of everyday life.
B) social rules that govern people's actions toward each other.
C) shared beliefs and rituals that are concerned with the realm of the sacred.
D) a set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior.

Accepted Answer

Religion may be defined as a system of shared beliefs and rituals that are concerned with the realm of the sacred.

Question 8

Which of the following is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime?
A) Caste system
B) Class system
C) Social system
D) Cultural system

Accepted Answer

A caste system is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime.

Question 9

The social organization of Western society tends to emphasize on:
A) a group orientation.
B) collectivist values.
C) individual achievement.
D) work groups.

Accepted Answer

In general, Western societies tend to emphasize the primacy of the individual, whereas groups tend to figure much larger in many other societies.

Question 10

Mores are:
A) the norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and its social life.
B) the routine conventions of everyday life.
C) abstract ideas about what a group believes to be right, good, and desirable.
D) the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations.

Accepted Answer

Mores are norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life. Accordingly, violating mores can bring serious retribution.

Question 11

A Japanese executive's ritual of presenting a business card to a foreign business executive is an example of _____.
A) mores
B) values
C) attitudes
D) folkways

Accepted Answer

Folkways are the routine conventions of everyday life. Folkways include rituals and symbolic behavior. For example, upon meeting a foreign business executive, a Japanese executive will hold his business card in both hands and bow while presenting the card to the foreigner.

Question 12

The emphasis on individualism in the United States results in which of the following advantages?
A) Managers tend to develop good general skills as well as company-specific experience.
B) Teams are built within an organization to perform collective tasks.
C) Executives are exposed to different ways of doing business.
D) It is easy to achieve cooperation-both within a company and between companies.

Accepted Answer

One positive aspect of high managerial mobility is that executives are exposed to different ways of doing business.

Question 13

_____ are social conventions concerning things such as the appropriate dress code in a particular situation, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, neighborly behavior, and the like.
A) Values
B) Beliefs
C) Mores
D) Folkways

Accepted Answer

Folkways are the routine conventions of everyday life. They are social conventions concerning things such as the appropriate dress code in a particular situation, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, neighborly behavior, and the like.

Question 14

An act, as simple as shaking hands when meeting new people is an example of _____.
A) values
B) symbolic behavior
C) mores
D) social stratification

Accepted Answer

Folkways include rituals and symbolic behavior. Rituals and symbols are the most visible manifestations of a culture and constitute the outward expression of deeper values.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about values and norms of a culture is true?
A) The values and norms of a society emerge fully formed.
B) The values and norms of a society are not the evolutionary product of a number of factors.
C) The values and norms of a society are not influenced by religion.
D) The values and norms of a society influence social structure.

Accepted Answer

While factors such as social structure and religion clearly influence the values and norms of a society, the values and norms of a society can influence social structure and religion.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about a class system?
A) A class system is a more rigid form of social stratification, compared to a caste system.
B) A class system is a closed form of stratification.
C) Social mobility within a class system varies from society to society.
D) In a class system, social position is determined at birth and cannot be changed during an individual's lifetime.

Accepted Answer

A class system is a less rigid form of social stratification in which social mobility is possible. While many societies have class systems, social mobility within a class system varies from society to society.

Question 17

A _____ is a less rigid form of social stratification in which social mobility is possible.
A) caste system
B) normative system
C) religious system
D) class system

Accepted Answer

A class system is a less rigid form of social stratification in which social mobility is possible.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of the emphasis on individual performance in many Western societies?
A) Decreased entrepreneurship
B) High degree of managerial mobility
C) Increased loyalty towards an individual company
D) Executives are not exposed to different ways of doing business

Accepted Answer

The emphasis on individual performance in many Western societies has both beneficial and harmful aspects. Individualism finds expression in a high degree of managerial mobility between companies, and this is not always a good thing.

Question 19

Which of the following refers to the extent to which individuals can move out of the strata into which they are born?
A) Caste stratification
B) Class system
C) Social mobility
D) Individual potential

Accepted Answer

The term social mobility refers to the extent to which individuals can move out of the strata into which they are born. Social mobility varies significantly from society to society. The most rigid system of stratification is a caste system.

Question 20

A caste system differs from a class system because:
A) a caste system is an open system of stratification, while a class system is a closed system of stratification.
B) it is not possible for an individual to change his or her caste, while a class system allows people to change their class through individual achievement.
C) the social mobility in caste systems varies from society to society, while in a class system there is no social mobility.
D) a caste system is a less rigid form of social stratification, while a class system is a comparatively more rigid form of social stratification.

Accepted Answer

A caste system is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime. A class system is a form of open stratification in which the position a person has by birth can be changed through his or her own achievements or luck.

Quiz 4: Differences in Culture

A condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes is known as _____.

Max Weber coined the term _____ to denote the tendency on the part of Protestants to work hard and accumulate wealth.

The term _____ also means culture.

Ethical systems are:

An upper-middle-class manager tends to have hostile relationship with the working-class employees in the firm because of his tendency to perceive himself as superior to them based on his class background. In this example, the manager exhibits _____.

A society's social structure refers to its:

Religion may be defined as:

Which of the following is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime?

The social organization of Western society tends to emphasize on:

Mores are:

A Japanese executive's ritual of presenting a business card to a foreign business executive is an example of _____.

The emphasis on individualism in the United States results in which of the following advantages?

_____ are social conventions concerning things such as the appropriate dress code in a particular situation, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, neighborly behavior, and the like.

An act, as simple as shaking hands when meeting new people is an example of _____.

Which of the following statements about values and norms of a culture is true?

Which of the following statements is true about a class system?

A _____ is a less rigid form of social stratification in which social mobility is possible.

Which of the following is a consequence of the emphasis on individual performance in many Western societies?

Which of the following refers to the extent to which individuals can move out of the strata into which they are born?

A caste system differs from a class system because: