Which of the Following Is a Characteristic of Scientific Inquiry

Which of the following is a characteristic of scientific inquiry as described by Goodstein's evolved theory of science?

A) Science is a way of thinking in which ideas do battle with other ideas in order to move ever closer to truth.
B) Scientists must have strong ethical principles and be committed to treating those who participate in research investigations with respect and dignity.
C) Scientists often tend to become authorities when they express their ideas and report their observations to other scientists and the public.
D) Scientific research is subject to the temporal order of events in which the cause precedes the effect.