Question 1

________ proteins attach to antibodies bound to antigens on the surfaces of invading cells.This helps macrophages bind to these cells in preparation for phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ proteins attach to antibodies bound to...

Question 2

A lymphocyte is activated when one of its surface receptors binds to a protein found on the surface of a pathogen.These proteins perform essential tasks for the pathogen,but because they can also evoke an immune response they are termed ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A lymphocyte is activated when one of...

Question 3

Phagocytosis is one of the primary strategies of the innate immune response,which is hardly surprising considering that approximately 70 percent of the circulating white blood cells are the phagocytic ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Phagocytosis is one of the primary strategies...

Question 4

Which of the following statements about vaccinations given to humans is true?

Accepted Answer

Vaccines contain a weakened or dead form of the virus or bacterium that causes the disease they protect against, which triggers the body's immune response to produce antibodies. This primes the immune system so that it can effectively respond to a future infection from the live virus or bacterium. The first exposure from the vaccine is not sufficient to provide complete protection, but it does kickstart the immune system's response.

Question 5

The diagnosis of cancer represents a failure of the body's cancer ________ system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The diagnosis of cancer represents a failure...

Question 6

A variety of strategies have been utilized for the preparation of vaccines,but regardless of the method used to prepare it,one feature shared in common by all vaccines is that each contains one or more ________ from the targeted pathogen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A variety of strategies have been utilized...

Question 7

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

Question 8

The immune system can recognize almost all foreign cells because they lack the genetically determined pattern of ________ and ________ found on the plasma membrane of its own cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The immune system can recognize almost all...

Question 9

Each of the five types of white blood cells or leukocytes makes a contribution to the immune response,but the white blood cell that coordinates adaptive immunity,the most critical immune response,is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each of the five types of white...

Question 10

Which of the following statements about infection by HIV,the virus that causes AIDS,is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The antigens on the protein coat of HIV change frequently, which is why it is difficult to develop a vaccine or cure for the virus.

Question 11

When pathogens overcome the barrier defenses and enter the body they are quickly met by macrophages and neutrophils,two types of cells that constitute a large fraction of the nonspecific or ________ response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When pathogens overcome the barrier defenses and...

Question 12

A disease-causing agent is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A disease-causing agent is called a(n)________....

Question 13

The ability to resist specific pathogens using a coordinated combination of specialized cells and molecules is the primary function of the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability to resist specific pathogens using...

Question 14

The immune system is considered to consist of two subdivisions,a nonspecific component consisting primarily of barriers and phagocytes known as the innate response and a highly specific component consisting primarily of antibody and cell-mediated strategies known as the ________ response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The immune system is considered to consist...

Question 15

Cells infected with virus almost never survive,but they may aid neighboring cells by releasing ________,a protein that attaches to the membrane of a healthy cell and inhibits viral entry.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cells infected with virus almost never survive,but...

Question 16

At discrete points along the lymphatic ducts the walls are modified to house huge numbers of white blood cells that trap bacteria,viruses,and foreign proteins.These structures are termed ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At discrete points along the lymphatic ducts...

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the human immune response is true?

Accepted Answer

The immune response is more effective during the second exposure to an invader because memory cells are produced during the first exposure. Memory cells allow for a faster and stronger response during subsequent exposures.

Option A is incorrect because damaged cells may be destroyed by macrophages as a part of their role in phagocytosis. 
Option B is incorrect because while neutrophils do play a role in the non-specific response to invading organisms, they do not mount a specific response to particular species. 
Option D is incorrect because lymphocytes are not involved in blood clotting.

Question 18

Several types of immunity are recognized.Which experience would produce an artificial passive immunity to the virus that causes hepatitis A?

Accepted Answer

Receiving an injection of preformed antibodies (immunoglobulins) recovered from an individual undergoing an active immune response for hepatitis A would produce artificial passive immunity. This is because the preformed antibodies can immediately provide immunity against the virus without the need for the recipient's immune system to mount its own response.

Question 19

If HIV is allowed to enter the epithelium of the vaginal walls,what is the first level of the immune system it would have to defeat to cause an infection?

Accepted Answer

The first level of the immune system that HIV would have to defeat after entering the epithelium of the vaginal walls is the innate immune system. This system includes physical barriers like the epithelium itself, as well as non-specific immune cells like natural killer cells and macrophages that can recognize and destroy invading pathogens. If HIV is able to evade this initial defense, it can then target specific immune cells of the adaptive immune system, including B cells and T cells.

Question 20

One aspect of inflammation is swelling;it develops when capillary permeability changes and ________ moves from the vascular system into the interstitial spaces around the cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One aspect of inflammation is swelling;it develops...

Quiz 32: The Immune System